Las nuevas herramientas de productividad informática aplicadas a la resolución de los modelos de previsión de estados contables

Si el gestor empresarial no desea verse desbordado ante la ocurrencia de acontecimientos inesperados, debe recurrir a una planificación eficaz, de forma que pueda prever las nuevas situaciones y acometer, con la debida agilidad, los cambios pertinentes, teniendo especial importancia los modelos de planificación financiera, la cual utiliza, habitualmente, la programación lineal. No obstante, con frecuencia, la no linealidad y la variabilidad aleatoria de las funciones que intervienen en ellos hacen necesario recurrir a la simulación. Estos modelos, conocidos como de Previsión de Estados Contables, a partir del conocimiento de las leyes estadísticas de sus variables, y tras las pertinentes tiradas de simulación según una serie de ecuaciones contables que utilizan el Estado de Origen y Aplicación de Fondos, la Cuenta de Pérdidas y Ganancias y el Balance de Situación, permiten obtener las necesidades de recursos por parte de la empresa. Para acometer su resolución, aconsejamos recurrir a las versátiles hojas de cálculo, que en sus versiones actuales posibilitan además una total interacción con los datos mediante tanto a nivel individual como compartido a través de la Red (Intranet / Internet)

Teaching and learning experience in soil consolidation aided by computer software

[EN] The present article shows how the learning and personal motivation of the students in Geotechnics are improved through the realization of computer practices and thanks to the use of a software adapted to their needs. By means of a simple interface of data entry and output of results, students will master abstract concepts such as the excess pore pressure and the average degree of consolidation, while reinforcing their personal motivation, both to face the content of the subject and those of other disciplines of the Civil Engineering Degree.http://ocs.editorial.upv.es/index.php/HEAD/HEAD18García Ros, G.; Sánchez Pérez, JF.; Fernández García, M.; Del Cerro Velázquez, F. (2018). Teaching and learning experience in soil consolidation aided by computer software. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 725-732. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD18.2018.8070OCS72573

Determination of the Composition of Bio-Oils from the Pyrolysis of Orange Waste and Orange Pruning and Use of Biochars for the Removal of Sulphur from Waste Cooking Oils

Waste generated in the agri-food sector is a potential source of biomass and other products of high added value. In this work, the pyrolysis of orange waste and orange pruning was carried out to produce adsorbent biochars and characterise the bio-oils aiming for high-added-value compounds. Pyrolysis was carried out in a vertical tubular furnace on the laboratory scale modifying the temperature (400–600 °C), the heating ramp (5–20 °C·min−1) to reach the previous temperature and the inert gas flow rate (30–300 mL Ar·min−1) throughout the furnace. The most suitable conditions for obtaining biochar were found to be 400 °C, 5 °C·min−1, and 150 mL Ar·min−1 for orange waste, and 400 °C, 10 °C·min−1, and 150 mL Ar·min−1 for orange pruning. Thermogravimetric analysis showed higher thermal stability for orange pruning due to its higher lignin content (20% vs. 5% wt. on a wet basis). The bio-oil composition was determined by GC-MS. Toluene and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural were the main compounds found in orange waste bio-oils, while orange pruning bio-oils were composed mainly of 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone. Finally, the removal of the sulphur content from waste cooking oil was assayed with the biochars from both orange waste and orange pruning, whose BET surface areas were previously determined. Despite their low specific surface areas (≤1 m2·g−1 for orange waste biochars and up to 24.3 m2·g−1 for orange pruning biochars), these biochars achieved a reduction of the initial sulphur content of the waste cooking oil between 66.4% and 78.8%.European Union under the LIFE 13 BIOSEVILLE Programme ENV/ES/1113 (analysis, materials and salaries)European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the CARBOENERGY project (materials and salaries) granted by the FEDER INNTERCONECT

The Sustainable Management of Metals: An Analysis of Global Research

The objective of this study was to analyze research trends in the field of sustainable management of metals on a global level between 1993 and 2017. To do so, a bibliometric analysis was carried out on a total of 6967 articles. The results revealed the growing interest in this research field, particularly over the last five year-period during which 63% of all articles were published. The three journals in which most articles had been published were the Journal of Cleaner Production, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, and Chemsuschem. The countries that published the most articles were China, the United States, India, Germany, and the United Kingdom. A sizeable network of collaboration has been established between countries for the joint publication of studies. The main lines of research have been focused on metal decontamination in water and soil, waste management oriented towards reuse and recycling, and the innovation of processes for cleaner and more efficient production. The results revealed the need for comprehensive studies that integrate different disciplines within the same analytical framework, and to promote research that contributes to the different dimensions of sustainability (environmental, economic, and social)

Urban integration of high speed train Institutions of support in Spain and the keys to its success

The high speed train as means of transport in Spain is extending its network to many cities. Occasionally, this situation raises the opportunity to undertake large urban integration operations, associated with urban renewal and the construction of new residential areas. In these cases it has attended an institutional architecture based on extrapolated public companies for management. This study addresses these operations identifying and classifying them with variables that have proved to be decisive to make viable operations. As conclusion this model and the keys to their success is analysed

SOLAR: Social Link Advanced recommendation system

In today’s information society, precise descriptions of the massive volume of online content available are crucial for responding to user needs adequately and efficiently. The Semantic Web Paradigm has recently advanced across many domains for the assignment of metadata to Internet content, in order to define it with explicit, machine-readable meaning. This content has become so extensive that it must be refined according to user preferences to avoid information overload. The current paper proposes a framework for the association of semantic data to webpage links based on a specific domain ontology, additionally permitting the user to express his opinion regarding his emotions about the content of the link. This data is further exploited to suggest additional links to the user, based on the semantic metadata and the level of user satisfaction with previously viewed content. A comprehensive evaluation of the tool has demonstrated a high level of user satisfaction with the features of the system.This work is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Industry, Tourism, and Commerce under the project SONAR (TSI-340000-2007-212), GODO2 (TSI-020100-2008-564) and SONAR2 (TSI-020100-2008-665), under the PIBES project of the Spanish Committee of Education & Science (TEC2006-12365-C02-01) and the MID-CBR project of the Spanish Committee of Education & Science (TIN2006-15140-C03-02)

Ethanol Production from Olive Stones through Liquid Hot Water Pre-Treatment, Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation. Influence of Enzyme Loading, and Pre-Treatment Temperature and Time

Olive table industry, olive mills and olive pomace oil extraction industries annually generate huge amounts of olive stones. One of their potential applications is the production of bioethanol by fractionation of their lignocellulose constituents and subsequent fermentation of the released sugars using yeasts. In this work, we studied the influence of temperature (175–225 ◦C) and residence time (0–5 min) in the liquid hot-water pre-treatment of olive stones as well as the initial enzyme loading (different mixtures of cellulases, hemicellulases and β–glucosidases) in the later enzymatic hydrolysis on the release of fermentable sugars. The Chrastil’s model was applied to the D-glucose data to relate the severity of pre-treatment to enzyme diffusion through the pre-treated cellulose. Finally, the hydrolysate obtained under the most suitable conditions (225 ◦C and 0 min for pre-treatment; 24 CE initial enzyme concentration) was fermented into ethanol using the yeast Pachysolen tannophilus ATCC 32691. Considering the overall process, 6.4 dm3 ethanol per 100 kg olive stones were produced.Andalusia Regional Government (Spain) 01272/2005 AGR/650