Gramíneas tropicales en el engorde de cuyes mejorados sexados (Cavia porcellus Linnaeus) en la zona de La Maná

The investigation of tropical gramineous in guinea pigs in the area of La Mana. The following objectives were pursued: To increase the productive indexes in improved peruvian guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus Linnaeus) under the effect of the consumption of the saboya grass (Panicum maximun Jack), leaves of Corn (Zea mays) and cane of sugar (Saccharum officinarum L) in the area of La Mana, and to determine the profitability of the treatments. 48 improved peruvian guinea pigs separated by sex of 35 days of age were used with a weight average of 305 g. A factorial form 2 (sex) x 3 (gramineous) with four replications was applied, arranged in a (CRBD). For the mean comparisons the Tukey (P. 0.05%) test was used. To obtain the profitability of the treatments the Benefit-Cost Relationship was used. The consumption of gramineous (g), consumption of food (g), gain of weight (g), nutritious conversion, live weigh (g) and yield to the channel (%) was evaluated. The male guinea pigs presented the major (P<0.05) consumption of gramineous, gain of weight and alive weight (81.65 g day-1 of MS; 8.66 g animal-1 day-1; 827.7 g, respectively). The gramineous of more consumption (P<0.05) was the saboya grass (99.31 g animal-1 day-1 of MS). However it shows the less efficient (13.82) nutritious conversion (P0.05) was not affected by the effect of the consumption of gramineous. The biggest profitability was registered by the male guinea pigs fed with leaf of corn + balanced (52.4%).La investigación de gramíneas tropicales en el engorde de cuyes en la zona de La Maná. La misma que persiguió los siguientes objetivos: Incrementar los índices productivos en cuyes (Cavia porcellus Linnaeus) peruanos mejorados bajo el efecto del consumo del pasto saboya (Panicum maximun Jack), hojas de maíz (Zea mays) y caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L) en la zona de La Maná, y determinar la rentabilidad de los tratamientos. Se utilizaron 48 cuyes peruanos mejorados sexados de 35 días de edad con un peso promedio de 305 g. Se aplicó un arreglo factorial 2 (sexo) x 3 (gramíneas) con cuatro repeticiones, dentro de un (DBCA). Para las comparaciones entre medidas se utilizó la prueba de Tukey al 0.05% de probabilidad. Para obtener la rentabilidad de los tratamientos se utilizó la Relación Beneficio�Costo. Se evaluó el: consumo de gramíneas (g), consumo de alimento (g), ganancia de peso (g), conversión alimenticia, peso vivo (g) y rendimiento a la canal (%). Los cuyes machos presentaron el mayor (P<0.05) consumo de gramínea, ganancia de peso y peso vivo (81.65 g día-1 de MS; 8.66 g animal-1 día-1; 827.7 g, respectivamente). La gramínea de mayor consumo (P<0.05) fue el pasto saboya (99.31 g animal-1 día-1 de MS). Sin embargo registró la conversión alimenticia (P<0.05) menos eficiente (13.82). La mayor ganancia de peso (P<0.05) la registró el tratamiento en base a hoja de maíz (9.16 g animal-1 día-1). El rendimiento a la canal (P>0.05) no se vio afectado por el efecto del consumo de gramíneas. La mayor rentabilidad la registraron los cuyes machos alimentados con hoja de maíz + balanceado (52.4%)

Eucalyptus spp.;Populus spp. coping with salinity stress an approach on growth, physiological and molecular features in the context of short rotation coppice (SRC)

Key message A holistic approach, molecular and eco-physiological, has provided a better understanding of the response of eucalyptus and poplar genotypes to salt stress. Different tolerance mechanisms with varying degrees of effectiveness as well as differences in the response of genes linked to xylem differentiation have been identified. Abstract We studied the behavior of four eucalyptus genotypes (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh ‘169’; E. grandis Hill ex Maiden�נE. urophylla S.T. Blake ‘5E’; Eucalyptus globulus Labill ‘Anselmo’ and ‘Odiel’) and four poplar genotypes (Populus alba L. ‘PO 10-10-20’ and ‘J 1-3-18’, P. tremula L.�נP. alba ‘7171-B4’ and P.�נcanadensis Moench.: ‘Oudenberg’) in relation to their response to saline conditions and their capacity to grow in short rotation for biomass production. For this purpose, plants were grown under greenhouse conditions and subjected to two different saline concentrations of NaCl, one moderate (50�mM) and one severe (125�mM), as well as a control treatment. Growth, as well as several functional, morphological and biochemical parameters were considered. We also performed an expression analysis of genes that encode enzymes and transcription factors involved in wood formation. The four eucalyptus genotypes showed a very high survival rate under both moderate and severe salt treatments, as did both white poplar genotypes (‘PO 10-10-20’ and ‘J 1-3-18’). All of them displayed a tolerant behavior toward salinity stress. In contrast, the poplar hybrids (‘7171-B4’ and ‘Oudenberg’) exhibited medium-tolerance or sensitive behavior. Possible tolerance mechanisms based on stomatal control, water use efficiency, capacity of dilute toxic ions through decreasing the specific leaf area and higher root/aerial biomass ratios were detected. These mechanisms were deemed to have varying degrees of effectiveness. A molecular approach identified changes in the expression of genes linked to xylem differentiation, the more tolerant genotypes being those with fewer modifications. These findings could contribute towards enabling the cultivation of fast-growing species in short rotation on marginal land affected by salinity for the production of lignocellulosic biomass. The response variability detected could lead to advances in breeding for tolerance to this type of stress. � 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

Transcript profiling of wood transcriptional regulators, wood chemistry and phenotyping in poplar and eucalyptus genotypes growgin under drought, salinity and limiting nitrogen conditions

The possibilities for using lignocellulosic biomass produced from forest crops in order to obtain second generation biofuels is a key issue in the current context of climate change and the promotion of renewable energy sources. It is therefore important to make progress in the functional characterization of candidate genes (CGs) associated with wood traits relevant to bioenergy as well as to determine the effects of environmental factors (drought, salinity, and nitrogen availability among others) on wood production and chemistry. Fast growing species adapted to coppicing such as Populus and Eucalyptus spp. are among the most promising forest species for bioenergy production in the short term. The aim of our project is to compare how three common environmental factors such as drought, salt and nitrogen availability, affect wood composition and transcript profiling of CGs involved in wood formation in different poplar and eucalypt genotypes. Poplar and eucalypt genotypes were selected based on their potential for bioenergy production and their performances under different abiotic stresses. In particular, four poplar genotypes: P. x canadensis (Oudenberg); P. tremula x P. alba; two P. alba clones (J 1-3-18 and Po10-10-20), and four eucalyptus genotypes: E. camaldulensis (169); E. urograndis (5E); E. globulus (Odiel); E. globulus (Anselmo) were used. We found that the environmental factors caused responses of different magnitude and at different levels among the genotypes. Correlation analysis will allow us to specifically associate changes in the expression of regulatory genes caused by environmental factors with alterations in secondary xylem composition and phenotypic adjustments. Funding support: MINECO (SP)-PIM2010PKB-0702; TreeforJoules (Plant KBBE ANR(FR)-10-KBBE-0007; BMBF (G)-0315914A; FCT(PT) AGR-GPL/0001/2010. Some of the candidate genes were selected in the frame of the project ANR-06-GPLA-0007, 2006-2009. RTA2011-00006-00-00.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data