Perceptions of entrepreneurs in rural SMEs in relation to ICT integration

[ES] El estudio es el fruto de una iniciativa cuya finalidad fue conocer las percepciones que poseen los empresarios de las pymes del ámbito rural con respecto a la utilización de las TIC en su actividad laboral. El objetivo principal es proporcionar una visión contextualizada de la utilización de las herramientas tecnológicas por parte de este sector empresarial, para identificar necesidades e implementar programas de formación, actualización y mejora profesionales del sector. El Centro Internacional de Tecnologías Avanzadas (CITA), ha puesto en marcha este proyecto que pretende obtener datos que faciliten crear una oferta formativa ad hoc. La metodología es de carácter cualitativo, recogiendo información de grupos focales en los que han participado 48 empresarios. Los resultados reflejan falta de información sobre el uso y potencialidades de las TIC necesitan asesoramiento para optimizar recursos, conseguir personal técnico y cursos de formación adaptados a las demandas.[EN] This study is the result of an initiative aimed at learning the perceptions that owners of SMEs in the rural context about the use of ICT in their work. Our main objective is to provide a practical view of the use of technological tools in the business sector in order to identify specific needs and implement programmes for training, updating, and improvement addressed to both entrepreneurs and their employees. The Internacional Center of Advance Technologies (CITA) has put this programme into practice with a view to obtaining the information necessary to create ad hoc training programmes. A quantitative methodology is used, and data were collected through focal groups in which participated 48 employers. The results reflect a lack of information on the use and potential of ICTs need advice to optimize resources, ensure technical and training courses tailored to the demands staff

Impacto de las tiendas virtuales y del marketing on line en las pequeñas empresas del ámbito rural

[ES] La Era Digital ofrece nuevas oportunidades a las pequeñas empresas de zonas rurales que se han visto afectadas negativamente por la situación de crisis actual y la globalización. El estudio que se presenta es iniciativa del Centro Internacional de Tecnologías Avanzadas (CITA) con el objetivo de establecer un modelo práctico que facilite el impulso a través del uso de las TIC en las Pymes y microPymes del ámbito rural. La metodología es cualitativa y cuantitativa, utilizando la técnica del grupo focal y un cuestionario. La muestra está constituída por 48 empresarios. Los resultados del estudio muestran que las tiendas virtuales son un recurso poco utilizado por la mayor parte de ellos debido a la falta de adaptación de los servicios tecnológicos actuales a las necesidades de las Pymes y microPymes rurales, su escasa financiación en TIC y la falta de preparación de los empresarios.[POR] A era digital oferece novas oportunidades para as pequenas empresas em áreas rurais que foram prejudicadas pela crise corrente e a globalização. O estudo apresentado é uma pesquisa do Centro Internacional de Tecnologias Avançadas (CITA), a fim de fornecer um quadro preciso que facilita a dinâmica pela utilização das TICs nas PME e microPme da área rural. A metodologia é qualitativa e quantitativa, através da coleta de dados por meio de grupos de discussão e questionário. A amostra é composta por 48 empresários. Os resultados do estudo mostram que as lojas virtuais são um recurso subutilizado pela maioria deles devido à falta de adaptação de serviços de tecnologia existente para as necessidades das PME e microPme rural, falta de recursos das TICs e a falta de formação de empresários.[EN] The Digital Age offers new opportunities for small and medium-sized companies in rural areas that have been negatively affected by the current economic crisis and globalization. The study presented here is an initiative of the Centro International de Tecnologías Avanzadas (CITA – International Centre for Advanced Technolgies), aimed at establishing a practical model to facilitate the use of ICT in rural SMEs and micro-enterprises. The methodology is both qualitative and quantitative, employing the focal group technique and a questionnaire. The sample comprises 48 business owners. Results show that virtual shops are rarely used as a resource by these companies owing to a lack of adaptation of current technological services to the needs of rural SMEs and microenterprises, scarce financing of ICT and lack of preparation on the part of entrepreneurs

Análisis de los costos de implementación de comercio electrónico como estrategia competitiva en las pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector comercio en la ciudad de San Miguel, año 2020

RESUMEN: En el presente trabajo de investigación pretende analizar las ventajas y desventajas competitivas y económicas que genera la utilización de herramientas tecnológicas que permitan abrir campo en cuanto a la generación de ventas en línea, se definen las deficiencias encontradas en cuanto al conocimiento y aplicabilidad de dichas herramientas tecnológicas. En cada capítulo del trabajo de investigación se va concretando la realidad percibida en relación a la realidad objetiva, a su vez determinamos los costos que intervienen en la implementación del comercio electrónico en las pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector comercio en la ciudad de san miguel. Finalmente concretizamos en el desarrollo de una guía de orientación sobre los costos, procesos y aplicabilidad de algunas o todas las herramientas tecnológicas según la capacidad de inversión de cada de una de las empresas que han sido objeto de estudio. A la misma vez como resultado de la investigación como grupo determinamos nuestras conclusiones y recomendaciones del objeto de estudio de acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos. ABSTRACT: In this research work, the aim is to analyze the sales and competitive and economic disadvantages generated by the use of technological tools that allow opening the field in terms of the generation of online sales, the deficiencies found in the knowledge and applicability of said tools are defined. technological. In each chapter of the research work, the perceived reality is specified in relation to the objective reality, in turn we determine the costs involved in the implementation of electronic commerce in small and medium-sized companies in the commerce sector in the city of San Miguel. Finally, we concretize in the development of an orientation guide on the costs, processes and applicability of some or all of the technological tools according to the investment capacity of each of the companies that have been studied. At the same time as a result of the research as a group we determine our conclusions and recommendations of the object of study according to the results obtained

Molecular Identification of a New Pestivirus Associated with Increased Mortality in the Pyrenean Chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) in Spain

Pestivirus infection was identified in 16 of 17 chamois during an outbreak of a previously unreported disease in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) in northeastern Spain in 2001-02. By analysis of the 5' noncoding regions of the virus, we assigned it to the border disease virus cluster with pairwise similarity values ranging from 82.1% to 88.1%. It will be important to investigate the association of this pestivirus with disease in Pyrenean chamois

Morphological Description of Frontal EEG Interictal and Ictal Discharges in an Adult Cohort of 175 Patients

EEG morphology; Electroencephalography; Frontal lobe seizuresMorfología EEG; Electroencefalografía; Convulsiones del lóbulo frontalMorfologia EEG; Electroencefalografia; Convulsions del lòbul frontalClinical and electroencephalogram (EEG) features in frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) vary considerably among patients, making the diagnosis a challenge. The objective of this study was to describe interictal and ictal EEG activity, identifying variables that could help to differentiate and diagnose frontal lobe epilepsy cases. A prospective cross-sectional study from patients with frontal interictal epileptiform discharges (IED) referred to the Vall d’Hebron University Hospital (Barcelona, Spain) after a clinical event compatible with epileptic seizures was designed. The interictal and ictal activity were analyzed to provide a detailed EEG description of the cases, using different statistical analyses. The morphological seizure pattern at the ictal onset remained globally unchanged over time in seizures arising from the frontal lobe for each patient. Isolated sharp waves were the most frequent waveforms in the expression of IED. Frontal lobe seizures are frequently short and sometimes appear grouped in clusters within the same recording. Often the ictal expression of the electrical activity in frontal lobe seizure is subtle and challenging to interpret. A description of the main findings is summarized to identify seizures arising from the frontal lobe and avoid false negatives findings in EEG interpretations.This research received no external funding

Digital media: 2013-2014

A radiography of the state of digital media in 2013-2014 is presented, paying special attention to the situation in Spain, but with international references. Eleven main points are discussed: the crisis in print media, the rise of new media, digital strategies, canon Aede (aka the Google tax), mobile reading devices, brand journalism, data journalism, fact checking, multimedia storytelling, long-format journalism, and computer journalism

Proposal of new Natura 2000 network boundaries in Spain based on the value of importance for biodiversity and connectivity analysis for its improvement

The aim of the Natura 2000 Network is to ensure the conservation of habitats and species in their natural areas of distribution. Connectivity is an essential part of this conservation. For this purpose, a value map of importance for biodiversity (V.I.B) was generated proposing 4 levels of protection and overlapped with the Natura 2000 network. New boundaries for the zoning are proposed adding 1.600.000 ha. Two connectivity indices (MSPA and PC) are calculated in the 4 different scenarios. With these indices it is possible to know the number of existing nuclei and connectors in each of the scenarios. New boundaries cover more areas of interest for biodiversity as well as zones of great importance in relation to connectivity. We propose a uniform method that can be extrapolated to any European territor

Survival analysis of time to SARS-CoV-2 PCR negativisation to optimise PCR prescription in health workers: the Henares COVID-19 healthcare workers cohort study.

Objectives Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) is considered the gold standard in diagnosing COVID-19. Infected healthcare workers do not go back to work until RT-PCR has demonstrated that the virus is no longer present in the upper respiratory tract. The aim of this study is to determine the most efficient time to perform RT-PCR prior to healthcare workers’ reincorporation. Materials and methods This is a cohort study of healthcare workers with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19. Data were collected using the medical charts of healthcare workers and completed with a telephone interview. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to determine the influence of several variables on the time to RT-PCR negativisation. The impact of the variables on survival was assessed using the Breslow test. A Cox regression model was developed including the associated variables. Results 159 subjects with a positive RT-PCR out of 374 workers with suspected COVID-19 were included. The median time to negativisation was 25 days from symptom onset (IQR 20–35 days). Presence of IgG, dyspnoea, cough and throat pain were associated with significant longer time to negativisation. Cox logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding variables. Only dyspnoea and cough remained in the model as significant determinants of prolonged negativisation time. Adjusted HRs were 0.68 (0.48–096) for dyspnoea and 0.61 (0.42–0.88) for dry cough. Conclusions RT-PCR during the first 3 weeks leads to a high percentage of positive results. In the presence of respiratory symptoms, negativisation took nearly 1 week more. Those who developed antibodies needed longer time to negativisate.pre-print396 K