Situational modelling of oil pollution risks monitored by distributed monitoring

The work is studying the distributed system of natural environment monitoring points. The purpose of the study is to solve two main problems of optimization: a) optimization of risks of emergency events; b) optimal cessation of environmental monitoring, which allows to reduce the costs of observation. Monitoring of the environment contaminated with petroleum products is relevant. Traditionally used methods and monitoring itself are expensive and technological complex mechanisms, often requiring satellite data. When studying environmental pollution, it is important to consider situational risks and stochastic irreversible changes in nature. For this purpose, it is necessary to apply the methods and methodology of the system approach, which are used in the article for analysis of complex data structures and entropy of the system. For the informativeness of less long monitoring, it's represented by four main subsystems (capture, operation, selection and decision-making) and evaluated using an information-entropy approach. The work will solve the practical task of monitoring the contaminated environment

On the elastic constants of the zeolite chlorosodalite

The use of force-field based molecular modeling to predict the elastic constants of the zeolite chlorosodalite is described. Theoretical predictions of the on-axis and off-axis elastic constants strongly suggest that an error exists in the published elastic constants of the material. When the previous experimental data are corrected by transposing the published directional ultrasound velocities, excellent agreement is observed between the off-axis plots of sodalite produced by experiment and modeling. Further confirmation of the prediction is supplied by considering the Zener ratios of other inorganic materials that possess cubic symmetry. ©2006 American Institute of Physics

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ГОРЮЧИХ СЛАНЦЕВ ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЭНЕРГИИ В ТЕПЛОВЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЯХ

The paper considers tendencies in usage of kerogen shales in the world. An analysis of electrical power cost in the countries of  the European Union has been carried out in the paper. The paper studies criteria that influence on electrical power cost.Рассматриваются тенденции использования горючих сланцев в мире. Произведен анализ стоимости электрической энергии для стран Европейского союза. Рассмотрены критерии, влияющие на стоимость электрической энергии

Строение приповерхностной части ледника в районе бухты Тала (Восточная Антарктида) по результатам георадарных работ сезона 2018/19 г.

The paper discusses the results of the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey carried out in February 2019 in the area of Thala Bay (Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica). Thala Bay is one of the strategic facilities of the Russian Antarctic Expedition (RAE) in the Progress station area as since 2019 heavy cargo has been unloaded here intended for the construction of new facilities at the Vostok station. Transportation of goods to the point of formation of logistic traverses takes place on ice tracks, whose safety must be evaluated taking into account the expanded system of crevasses. In addition, the current track is characterized by a significant slope of the terrain, which also complicates the relocation of heavy equipment.In February 2019, a GPR survey was carried out within the Thala Bay area to assess the possibility of organizing an alternative section of the route within it. According to the visual observations, this area was characterized by an extensive system of crevasses, the width of which at the surface reached 20-30 cm, and the prevailing longitudinal direction coincided with the direction of the route. The task of the geophysical survey was to map the crevasses not identified by visual inspection and to determine their morphology. According to the GPR data, it was shown that the crevasses within the site are located to the firn layer and are characterized by an irregular shape, significantly expanding at the deeper levels and reaching a width of 6 m. The results of the survey are illustrated with the scheme of the firn thickness which shows location of the crevasses. According to the recommendations of the authors, the section of the glacier is suitable for operation provided the glaciological situation using the GPR method is monitored annualy.В настоящей работе обсуждаются результаты георадиолокационных исследований, выполненных в районе российской антарктической станции Прогресс (оазис Холмы Ларсеманн, Восточная Антарктида) в сезон 64-й Российской антарктической экспедиции (РАЭ) в 2018/19 г. Изыскания проводились с целью оценки безопасности участка ледника в районе пункта разгрузки судов в бухте Тала для проложения в его пределах трассы передвижения тяжелой санно-гусеничной техники. По итогам георадарного профилирования в пределах исследуемого района выявлена сеть трещин, развитых в снежно-фирновой толще и достигающих максимальной ширины 6 м. Результаты работ проиллюстрированы схемой мощности снежно-фирновой толщи по участку работ и их распространения по состоянию на февраль 2019 г

Эффективность небулайзерной терапии обострений бронхиальной астмы у детей на догоспитальном этапе

An open comparative research of the efficacy of traditional (based on theophylline) and modern (beta-agonists and anticholinergic drugs) medications in outpatients bronchial asthma exacerbations in children was performed. The observation involved 404 children aged from 1.5 to 15 years divided into two groups depending on a therapy. The groups were comparable on the age, demographic and functional parameters. Subgroups were separated into each of the groups regarding to the exacerbation seventy. The medication effectiveness was evaluated by clinical symptoms of the exacerbation (breathlessness, cough, remote wheezing, physical lung signs) and peak expiratory flow rate and/or lung function parameters as well.The obtained results demonstrated that asthma attacks were stopped in 96.7% of the cases using nebulized short-acting beta agonists (Salbutamol or Salgim) and/or the combined drug Berodual which were given differentially in accordance with the exacerbation severity and the patient’s age: the peak expiratory flow rate became normal, the lung function main parameters tended to their normal values and clinical signs of asthma exacerbation regressed.The nebulized treatment with Berodual was reliably confirmed to be the first-line therapy for moderate bronchial asthma exacerbations as it is optimal in sight of the effectiveness and safety.Проведено открытое сравнительное исследование эффективности традиционного (основу составил эуфиллин) и современных (бета-агонисты и антихолинолитические средства) медикаментозных комплексов в терапии обострений бронхиальной астмы у детей на догоспитальном этапе. Под наблюдением находились 404 ребенка в возрасте от 1,5 до 15 лет, которые были разделены на 2 группы в зависимости от получаемой терапии и были сравнимы по возрастно-демографическим и функциональным по казателям. В каждой из групп были выделены подгруппы соответственно тяжести обострения заболевания. Эффективность медикаментозных комплексов оценивалась субъективной выраженностью клинических симптомов обострения (одышка, кашель, дистанционные хрипы, физикальные данные в легких), а также уровнем показателей пиковой объемной скорости (ПОС) и/или функции внешнего дыхания.Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что на фоне небулайзерной терапии бета-агонистами короткого действия (сальбутамол или сальгим) и/или комбинированного препарата беродуал, назначаемых дифференцированно в зависимости от тяжести обострения и возраста пациентов, в 96,7% случаев был купирован приступ (восстановились показатели пиковой скорости выдоха, имели тенденцию к нормализации основные параметры функции внешнего дыхания при явном регрессе клинических симптомов обострения астмы).Достоверно подтверждено, что небулайзерная терапия беродуалом должна быть “стартовой” при лечении обострений среднетяжелой бронхиальной астмы, так как является оптимальной с точки зрения эффективности и безопасности

Urticaria and angioedema in Yekaterinburg: the realities of clinical practice

This article discusses the features of the clinic and treatment of acute and chronic urticaria in the presence or absence of angioedema in the city of Yekaterinburg in the period from 2017-2019 on the basis of MBU CSCB №1 and MBU CSCB №6.В данной статье рассмотрены особенности клиники и лечения острой и хронической крапивницы при наличии или отсутствии ангиоотеков в городе Екатеринбурге в период с 2017-2019 г. на базе МБУ ЦГКБ №1 и МБУ ЦГКБ№6

Genomic features of resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumonia</i>, isolated from the bloodstream and cerebrospinal fluid of pediatric hospital patients

Introduction. Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CP-Kp), which are international high-risk clones, have become a problem of utmost importance. CP-Kps, adapting to the hospital environment, evolve into convergent pathotypes. Such variants combine traits of two genetic lineages: multidrug resistant (MDR) and hypervirulent. The pathotypes, along with MDR K. pneumoniae, pose an exceptional threat to young patients during systemic infection. The objective of this study is the detailed molecular genetic analysis of MDR isolates of K. pneumoniae detected during the monitoring of resistant Gram-negative bacteria at the National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health in 2014–2021. Materials and methods. Whole-genome sequencing with a subsequent bioinformatics analysis of eight MDR isolates from the bloodstream and cerebrospinal fluid. Results. MDR isolates belonged to 4 sublineages (SL): SL307, SL395, SL29 and SL1198. In the genomes of 6 pangrug-resistant (PDR) isolates, genes associated with resistance to all categories of antibiotics recommended for Enterobacteriaceae therapy were identified. Plasmids were present in all genomes. In 6 isolates, plasmids contained heavy metal ion resistance operons in addition to antibiotic resistance genes. Prophages within the plasmids were also involved in the transfer of resistance genes. The ST395 isolate from the cerebrospinal fluid belonged to the convergent pathotype in terms of resistance and virulence. Comparison of genomes within SLs revealed recombination events in the K- and O-locus regions and the Yersiniabactin operon. Conclusion. Thus, in a sample of resistant K. pneumoniae isolated from bloodstream and cerebrospinal fluid, 6 PDR isolates were detected, one of which belongs to the convergent pathotype ST395

RESEARCH OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT ACTIONS, MADE BY DEVELOPERS IN EKATERINBURG (BY OCTOBER 2016)

This article is a result of a research by USUAA and UrFU students during the period from 01.09.2016 to 31.10.2016 in research more than 70 students and 15 building companies had participated. In the research, information about energy saving measures in business and dwelling buildings in Ekaterinburg was collected and analyzed. The article describes developers’ energy saving measures and compares them with leading foreign methods. Forecasts and recommendations for development in the site of the energy efficient real estate are offered.Данная работа выполнена на основании исследования, проведенного студентами УрГАХУ и УрФУ в период с 01.09.2016 по 31.10.2016, в рамках учебного курса УрГАХУ «Энергосбережение в архитектуре», в котором приняло участие более 70 студентов и 15 строительных компаний. В статье описаны результаты исследования и комплексного анализа энергоэффективных мероприятий, реализуемых застройщиками в г. Екатеринбурге, а также приведено сравнение местных энергоэффективных жилых комплексов с передовыми зарубежными аналогами. Предложены прогнозы и рекомендации для развития в сфере энергоэффективной недвижимости

Peculiarities of the influenza viruses circulation and their properties during 2018-2019 epidemic season in Russia and countries of the Northern Hemisphere

Objective. To identify the drift variability of influenza viruses during the period of epidemic rise in the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections in the period 2018-2019. The biological and molecular-genetic properties of epidemic strains isolated in certain territories of the Russian Federation were studied and compared with data from the countries of the Northern Hemisphere. Materials and methods. A range of laboratory diagnostic methods has been applied, including immune fluorescence, RT-PCR, sequencing, methods for determining sensitivity to influenza drugs and receptor specificity. Results and discussion. The proportion of influenza viruses was as follows: A (H1N1) pdm09 - 53 %, A (H3N2) - 46 %, B - about 1 %. Cases of severe acute respiratory infections have most often been associated with influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 virus. According to antigenic properties, isolated strains corresponded to the properties of vaccine viruses (A/Michigan/45/2015 - by 99.6 % and A/Singapore INFIMH-16-0019/2016 - by 86 %). The heterogeneity of influenza A virus strains population was revealed as regards individual mutations in hemaglutinin. The influenza B virus population was equally represented by both evolutionary lines (B/Victoria and B/Yamagata-like). Receptor specificity was favorable for the course and outcome of the disease. Among 70 studied epidemic strains, no strains resistant to anti-neuraminidase drugs, oseltamivir and zanamivir, were detected. The article presents WHO recommendations on the composition of influenza vaccines for the countries of the Northern Hemisphere for 2019-2020, provides data on cases of human infection with avian influenza viruses A(H5N1), A(H5N6), A(H7N9) and A(H9N2)

Clinical outcomes and patient-matched molecular composition of relapsed medulloblastoma

© 2021 by American Society of Clinical Oncology. Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Purpose: We sought to investigate clinical outcomes of relapsed medulloblastoma and to compare molecular features between patient-matched diagnostic and relapsed tumors. Methods: Children and infants enrolled on either SJMB03 (NCT00085202) or SJYC07 (NCT00602667) trials who experienced medulloblastoma relapse were analyzed for clinical outcomes, including anatomic and temporal patterns of relapse and postrelapse survival. A largely independent, paired molecular cohort was analyzed by DNA methylation array and next-generation sequencing. Results: A total of 72 of 329 (22%) SJMB03 and 52 of 79 (66%) SJYC07 patients experienced relapse with significant representation of Group 3 and wingless tumors. Although most patients exhibited some distal disease (79%), 38% of patients with sonic hedgehog tumors experienced isolated local relapse. Time to relapse and postrelapse survival varied by molecular subgroup with longer latencies for patients with Group 4 tumors. Postrelapse radiation therapy among previously nonirradiated SJYC07 patients was associated with long-term survival. Reirradiation was only temporizing for SJMB03 patients. Among 127 patients with patient-matched tumor pairs, 9 (7%) experienced subsequent nonmedulloblastoma CNS malignancies. Subgroup (96%) and subtype (80%) stabilities were largely maintained among the remainder. Rare subgroup divergence was observed from Group 4 to Group 3 tumors, which is coincident with genetic alterations involving MYC, MYCN, and FBXW7. Subgroup-specific patterns of alteration were identified for driver genes and chromosome arms. Conclusion: Clinical behavior of relapsed medulloblastoma must be contextualized in terms of up-front therapies and molecular classifications. Group 4 tumors exhibit slower biological progression. Utility of radiation at relapse is dependent on patient age and prior treatments. Degree and patterns of molecular conservation at relapse vary by subgroup. Relapse tissue enables verification of molecular targets and identification of occult secondary malignancies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio