Urban management: Addressing the housing and utility challenge

The authors have studied the three aspects of urban management: apartment buildings, major repair management, requirements for facility management companies to be licensed and waste management. The paper presents all the mentioned above aspects and possible negative circumstances and proposes solutions to the problems

Primed CRISPR adaptation in Escherichia coli cells does not depend on conformational changes in the Cascade effector complex detected in vitro

Skoltech Ph.D. program in the Life Sciences (to A.K.); European Research Council consolidator grant [GA 724863 to R.S].; NIH [R01 GM10407] and Russian Science Foundation [14-14-00988] grants to K.S.; UMNIK grant 8115GU/2015 to O.M., and institutional support from Skoltech to K.S. Funding for open access charge: Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology internal funding.In type I CRISPR-Cas systems, primed adaptation of new spacers into CRISPR arrays occurs when the effector Cascade-crRNA complex recognizes imperfectly matched targets that are not subject to efficient CRISPR interference. Thus, primed adaptation allows cells to acquire additional protection against mobile genetic elements that managed to escape interference. Biochemical and biophysical studies suggested that Cascade-crRNA complexes formed on fully matching targets (subject to efficient interference) and on partially mismatched targets that promote primed adaption are structurally different. Here, we probed Escherichia coli Cascade-crRNA complexes bound to matched and mismatched DNA targets using a magnetic tweezers assay. Significant differences in complex stabilities were observed consistent with the presence of at least two distinct conformations. Surprisingly, in vivo analysis demonstrated that all mismatched targets stimulated robust primed adaptation irrespective of conformational states observed in vitro. Our results suggest that primed adaptation is a direct consequence of a reduced interference efficiency and/or rate and is not a consequence of distinct effector complex conformations on target DNA.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Urban management: Addressing the housing and utility challenge

The authors have studied the three aspects of urban management: apartment buildings, major repair management, requirements for facility management companies to be licensed and waste management. The paper presents all the mentioned above aspects and possible negative circumstances and proposes solutions to the problems

Urban management: Addressing the housing and utility challenge

The authors have studied the three aspects of urban management: apartment buildings, major repair management, requirements for facility management companies to be licensed and waste management. The paper presents all the mentioned above aspects and possible negative circumstances and proposes solutions to the problems

Magnetic and structural properties of Fe-doped layered cobaltite TbBaCo1.91_{1.91}Fe0.09_{0.09}O5.5_{5.5} at high pressures

The crystal and magnetic structures of the perovskite-like, oxygen deficient layered cobalt oxide TbBaCo$_{1.91}$Fe$_{0.09}$O$_{5.5}$ have been studied by means of neutron diffraction at high pressures up to 6.2 GPa in the temperature range 5–300 K and X-ray diffraction at high pressures up to 30 GPa and ambient temperature. The structural anomalies in lattice compression at P = 20–25 GPa were revealed, which could be associated with the insulator-metal transition. At ambient pressure below T$_N$ = 300 K a formation of the complex magnetic structure on the Co/Fe sublattice, comprising the G-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) and ferromagnetic (FM) components, was observed. Below T ≈ 150 K the FM component vanished. At T = 5 K a presence of the long range AFM order on the Tb sublattice was also revealed. At high pressures, the FM component has become suppressed and the only G-type AFM order was found for the Co/Fe sublattice. The Néel temperature decreased noticeably down to 275 K at P = 6.2 GPa with a pressure coefficient dT$_N$ /dP = −4 K/GPa. The intrinsic mechanisms of the observed pressure-induced magnetic phenomena are discussed