Professor Mamat Haydarov: Science, Management and Youth School

An article about the scientist, statesman and kind person Mamat Eshkulovich Khaydarov, who made a significant contribution to the development of Uzbek pedagogy. The article describes the difficult scientific path of the scientist, his work, scientific and administrative activities, as well as his role in the development of Uzbek science

Мониторинг эхинококкоза крупного рогатого скота по результатам послеубойной экспертизы туш

Echinococcus granulosus is widespread among cattle, sheep and goats in seasonal pastures. Moreover, this invasion is considered one of the most dangerous zoonoses. The purpose of this work was to compare the indicators of the extensiveness and intensity of invasion of different-aged slaughter livestock (fattening bulls of 1.5–2 years old and 4–7 years old cows) from the herds of four regions of Azerbaijan located in different zones of the country. Based on the results of the expertise of 100 carcasses from each region, it was concluded that the indicators of the extensiveness of the invasion of echinococcosis in cattle were similar and ranged from 21.0–25.0 % with the invasion intensity of 9.36–11.96 specimens of cysts/carcass. To identify larvocysts of Echinococcus granulosus, the carcasses and internal organs of cattle (lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, heart) were examined. In this case, the extensiveness (EI) and intensity (II) of echinococcosis invasion were established. The indicator of the latter was the number of larvocysts detected in the examined organs of the invaded cattle. Their localization and accounting were determined by counting the echinococcal larvocysts separately in three positions: liver, lungs and others (abdominal cavity, kidneys, spleen and heart). In many cases (73.6 %) the larvocysts were simultaneously found in the liver and lungs. There is a tendency towards an increase in the incidence rate of cattle with age. So, the extensiveness of the invasion of cows was 2.5 times higher than that of the young, and the intensity of invasion was 2.3 times higher. In the future, it is planned to establish the extensiveness and intensity of echinococcosis invasion among flocks of sheep arriving from summer distant mountain pastures in comparison with the number of flocks staying year-round in local near-village pastures.Echinococcus granulosus имеет широкое распространение среди крупного рогатого скота, овец и коз, находящихся на сезонных пастбищах. При этом, данную инвазию относят к числу наиболее опасных зоонозов. Целью данной работы было сопоставление показателей экстенсивности и интенсивности инвазии разновозрастного убойного поголовья скота (откормочное быки 1,5–2-х годичного возраста и 4–7-летние коровы) от стад из четырех районов Азербайджана, находящихся в разных зонах страны. Для выявления ларвоцыст Еchinococcus granulosus, осмотру подвергали туши и внутренние органы крупного рогатого скота (легкие, печень, почки, селезенку, сердце). При этом устанавливали экстенсивность (ЭИ) и интенсивность (ИИ) эхинококкозной инвазии. Показателем последней было число ларвоцыст выявленных в исследуемых органах инвазированного скота. Локализацию и учет их, определяли путем подсчета эхинококковых ларвоцыст отдельно по трех позициях: печень, легкие и иные (брюшная полость, почки, селезенка и сердце). По результатам экспертизы 100 туш от каждого района, сделано заключение, что показатели экстенсивности инвазии эхинококкоза у крупного рогатого скота были близко подобными и колебались в пределах 21,0–25,0% при интенсивности инвазии 9,36–11,96 экз. цист/туша. В значительном большинстве наблюдениях (73,6%) ларвоцысты одновременно находили в печени и легких. Прослеживается тенденция нарастания показателей заболеваемости скота с возрастом. Так ЭИ коров была выше от молодняка в 2,5, а ИИ – в 2,3 разы. В дальнейшем планируется планируется установить экстенсивность и интенсивность эхинококкозной инвазии среди отар овец прибывших с летних отгонных горных пастбищ в сопоставлении с поголовьем отар находящихся круглогодично на местных присельских пастбищах

Эффективность сэндвич варианта иммуноферментной реакции для диагностики ларвального эхинококкоза у крупного рогатого скота в Азербайджанской Республике

The purpose of the research is to develop a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for laboratory diagnosis of echinococcosis in animals. Materials and methods. The diagnostic efficiency of the ELISA test system developed by us against cystic echinococcus infection in cattle was studied by comparing the obtained results with the data of a postmortem examination of animal carcasses. The sera from 80 animals delivered to the slaughterhouse from farms of different regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan were tested. Results and discussion. A positive ELISA test result was obtained in 42 animals, which was 52.5% of the total number of the animals studied. The postmortem diagnosis was confirmed in 32 animals, which was 40.0%. The comparison of the ELISA diagnostic efficiency with the postmortem examination data was 68.75%. Fasciola species were found in the bile ducts in 7 animals with a positive ELISA test response to echinococcosis and a negative diagnosis in the postmortem examination, and Cysticercus tenuicollis was found in one animal.Цель исследований – разработка сэндвич варианта иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА) для лабораторной диагностики эхинококкоза животных. Материалы и методы. Диагностическую эффективность разработанной нами тест-системы ИФА при цистном эхинококкозе крупного рогатого скота исследовали путём сравнения полученных результатов с данными послеубойного осмотра тушь животных. Были протестированы сыворотки 80 животных, доставленных на убойный пункт из фермерских хозяйств разных районов Азербайджанской Республики. Результаты и обсуждение. Положительный результат при проведении ИФА был получен у 42 голов крупного рогатого скота, что составляет 52,5% от общего числа исследованных животных. Послеубойный диагноз подтверждён у 32 животных, что составляет 40,0%. Сравнение эффективности диагностики методом ИФА с данными послеубойного осмотра составило 68,75%. У 7 животных с положительным ответом при ИФА на эхинококкоз и отрицательным диагнозом при послеубойном осмотре, в желчных путях были обнаружены фасциолы, у одного – цистицерки тенуикольные

ОСНОВНЫЕ ПРИНЦИПЫ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ГРУППОВОЙ ДЕГЕЛЬМИНТИЗАЦИИ ОВЕЦ И КОЗ ВОДОРАСТВОРИМЫМИ АНТИГЕЛЬМИНТИКАМИ

The purpose of research - the search of new, economical and safe ways small ruminant’s group deworming witch based on water-soluble drugs with wide spectrum. Materials and methods. The material for the research of the experiment groups were watersoluble formes of 4 anthelmintic: Brovermektin 2% Brovalzen-emulsion, Kombitrem-emulsion, Rafenzol-emulsion. For the control group we have used drugs comparison: Brovermektin 1% Brovermektin-granulate and Brontel-plus. All of them were developing by "Brovafarma", Ukraine and officially have registered in Azerbaijan. For three experimental series we have used 350 sheep and 23 goats. These animals were spontaneously invasion by helminthes. The effect of deworming we have set by special method. Results and discussion. In the first series of experiments determined that the two dosage forms under Ivermectin for oral administration have provided efficacy against sheep’s nematodosis at the  level of injection analogue (100%). In the second series three anthelmintic that were given with water cleared experimental animals fro moniesyis: 100% - Rafenzol; I.I. – 93,3% and E.I. – 95,6% - Kombitrem; I.I. – 86,7% and E.I. – 91,5% - Brovalzen. In the third group Rafenzol’s commission drug also provided 100% effective in sheep’s and goats’ deworming. In case of experimentally improved high efficiency of pharmacotherapy, we have justified the use of dosage forms for a group of water-soluble anthelmintic in sheep’s and goats’ deworming. in a distant-grazing.Цель исследования – изыскание новых, экономичных и безвредных способов проведения групповых дегельминтизаций мелкого рогатого скота с использованием водорастворимых препаратов широкого спектра действия. Материалы и методы. Испытывали водорастворимые формы четырех антигельминтиков: бровермектин-2 %, бровальзен-эмульсия, комбитрем-эмульсия, рафензол-эмульсия. В качестве контроля использовали бровермектин 1 %, бровермектин-гранулят и бронтел-плюс. Проведено три серии опытов на 350 овцах и 23 козах, спонтанно инвазированных возбудителями гельминтозов. Эффективность дегельминтизаций устанавливали методом копрооволарвоскопии. Результаты и обсуждение. В первом опыте установили, что две лекарственные формы на основе ивермектина для перорального применения, обеспечили противонематодозную эффективность на уровне инъекционного аналога (100 %). Во втором опыте три антигельминтика, заданные с питьевой водой, обеспечили освобождение животных от мониезий на 100 % – рафензол; 93,3 % – комбитрем и 86,7 % – бровальзен. В третьем опыте рафензол также обеспечил 100%-ную эффективность на овцах и козах. На основании экспериментально доказанной высокой эффективности фармакотерапии обосновано использование лекарственных форм водорастворимых антигельминтиков для групповой дегельминтизации овец и коз в условиях отгонно-пастбищного содержания

Parameters of passive working bodies of potato digging machine

The major working housing of potato digging machines is a plowshare on which energy costs and the quality of potato digging depend. The examination aims to justify the parameters of the plowshare and the divider of the combined digging working body. The constructive scheme of a potato-digging machine with a combined digging working body, the results of theoretical studies on the substantiation of the primary parameters of the main and intermediate plowshares and the divider, are presented. A special laboratory installation was used to conduct experiments. During the experiments, dividers with different capture widths were made, and the angle of the plowshare installation to the horizon was changed. The degree of damage and loss of the tuber and the traction resistance of the plowshares were taken as evaluation criteria. The outcome of the experimental investigation to determine the parameters of the plowshare is presented. Based on theoretical studies, analytical dependencies, and mathematical models were obtained that allow determining the parameters of the plowshare and the divider of the potato digging machine. It was found that for intensive destruction of the tuberous formation with minimal energy consumption and uniform transportation, the width of the colter of the combined working housing must be 45 cm, the perspective of the plowshare razor solution 90°, the perspective of inclination of the plowshare to the skyline within 27-30°, the length of the plowshare 40 cm, the width of the divider should be 45 cm, its length 39 cm, the angle the solution is 60°, the angle of installation of the working surface to the horizon in the transversely vertical plane is 65° and the range from the toe of the intermediate plowshare to the divider is 32.6 cm

ЭТИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ СПЕКТР ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЕЙ ВИРУСНЫХ ГАСТРОЭНТЕРИТОВ У ДЕТЕЙ В Г. БАКУ

The article presents the results of research on the study of etiology, the logical structure of viral diarrhea in Baku (Azerbaijan) in 2015. It was found that more than half (62.6%), gastroenteritis in children of viral etiology, of which the leading role as an etiological factor, have a company — and adenoviruses, among infants astroviruses. But-roviral gastroenteritis and enterovirus takes only insignificant-tive percentage of cases. There were no significant differences in the proportion of virustion of diarrhea depending on the age of the patients was not revealed.В статье представлены результаты изучения этиологической структуры вирусных диарей в г. Баку (Азербайджан) за 2015  год. Установлено, что более половины (62,6%) гастроэнтеритов у детей — вирусной  этиологии,  из них ведущее значение, как этиологический фактор, имеют ротаи аденовирусы, у детей грудного возраста — астровирусы. Норовирусные и энтеровирусные гастроэнтериты занимают лишь незначительный процент. Существенных различий в удельном весе вирусных диарей в зависимости от возраста больных не выявлено

System of Monitoring and Response to Public Health Emergencies of Sanitary-Epidemiological Character in the CIS Countries

The most important component of strengthening the potential for responding to biological threats both at the national and interstate levels is the formation of a unified system for monitoring and responding to emergencies (ES) of sanitary-epidemiological nature in the CIS territory.The aim of the work was to review the systems for monitoring and responding to emergencies of sanitary-epidemiological character in the CIS countries by the example of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic, to characterize the main areas of international cooperation on countering biological threats and coordinating international response measures in the CIS countries.Materials and methods. Information and analytical materials provided by organizations responsible for epidemiological surveillance and control in the CIS countries, Internet sources, and publications were used for the study.Results and discussion. The organization and functioning of the systems for monitoring and responding to emergencies in the CIS countries is a state function. It includes, as a rule, the national, regional (sub-national) and territorial (local) levels, which have horizontal and vertical connections. The legal framework is made up of documents of the legislative level. Interdepartmental interaction in response to emergencies is carried out both at the republican level and in administrative territories; the basis for interaction is the integrated planning of preventive and anti-epidemic measures and the functioning of the relevant organizational structures on an ongoing basis. Since 2015, with the support of the Government of the Russian Federation, programs have been implemented aimed at assisting partner countries in the implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005) in order to increase national response capacity and form a unified sanitaryepidemiological emergency response system in the CIS countries. The main areas of collaboration are strengthening the material and technical base and human resources of specialized institutions and scientific cooperation. As a result of the program implementation, a unified system for monitoring and prompt response to emergencies in the field of public health of sanitary-epidemiological nature has essentially been formed in the CIS countries to date, uniting more than 15 specialized institutions from 8 CIS countries