New coronaviral infection on the background of pharmacoresistent epilepsy: description of a clinical case

The aim of the study – to descript of the disease with Dravet's clinical syndrome with an assessment of the clinical and laboratory picture of the disease.Цель исследования - описание клинического случая синдрома Драве с оценкой клинико-лабораторной картины заболевания

Somnambulism

The aim of the study - to find out at what age somnambulism is more common, which mainly precedes the manifestations of sleepwalking, what is observed during an attack, whether there have been cases when sleepwalkers have harmed themselves or others, and whether someone from relatives has this disease.Цель исследования - выяснить, в каком возрасте чаще встречается сомнамбулизм, что в основном предшествует проявлениям лунатизма, что наблюдается при приступе, были ли случаи, когда лунатики причиняли вред себе или окружающим и имеется ли данное заболевание у кого-то из родственников

Assessment of the prevalence of headache among students

The aim of the study - to study headache among students, to develop and use a method for express diagnosis of headache. Provide ways to restore students' literacy in the treatment and prevention of headache.Цель исследования — изучить распространённость головной боли среди студентов, разработать и использовать метод её экспресс-диагностики. Предложить пути повышения грамотности студентов в вопросах выявления, лечения и профилактики головной боли

An evidence - based apporoachto the treatment of advanced – stage Parkinson’s disease. clinical case

Parkinson's disease is one of the most common age-related diseases, most often developing between the ages of 65 and 70. But, earlier debuts of the disease are also possible - in young or adult age. Due to the progressive neurodegenerative process, mainly in the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, patients need constant symptomatic therapy aimed at maintaining dopamine in sufficient concentration to correct neurological deficits. According to the accepted clinical guidelines for Parkinson's disease, at the onset of the disease at the age of 65- 70 years, the preparation of choice for starting therapy should be dopamine receptor agonists, and only with the progression of the disease, severe neurological deficit, therapy is supplemented with Levodopa. The article considers a clinical case of Parkinson's disease in a patient who had an incorrect treatment strategy.Болезнь Паркинсона – одно из самых распространенных возраст-зависимых заболеваний, чаще развивающееся в возрасте старше 65-70 лет. Но, возможны и более ранние дебюты болезни – в юношеском, молодом или зрелом возрасте. В связи с прогрессирующим нейродегенеративным процессом, преимущественно в дофаминергических нейронах черной субстанции, пациенты нуждаются в постоянной симптоматической терапии, направленной на поддержание дофамина в достаточной концентрации для коррекции неврологического дефицита. Согласно принятым клиническим рекомендациям по болезни Паркинсона, при дебюте болезни в возрасте до 65-70 лет препаратами выбора для старта терапии должны применяться агонисты дофаминовых рецепторов и только при прогрессировании болезни, выраженном неврологическом дефиците терапия дополняется препаратами Леводопа. В статье представлен обзор клинического случая болезни Паркинсона у пациента, которому была неправильно выстроена тактика лечения

Disturbance indicator values for European plants

Motivation Indicator values are numerical values used to characterize the ecological niches of species and to estimate their occurrence along gradients. Indicator values on climatic and edaphic niches of plant species have received considerable attention in ecological research, whereas data on the optimal positioning of species along disturbance gradients are less developed. Here, we present a new data set of disturbance indicator values identifying optima along gradients of natural and anthropogenic disturbance for 6382 vascular plant species based on the analysis of 736,366 European vegetation plots and using expert-based characterization of disturbance regimes in 236 habitat types. The indicator values presented here are crucial for integrating disturbance niche optima into large-scale vegetation analyses and macroecological studies. Main types of variables contained We set up five main continuous indicator values for European vascular plants: disturbance severity, disturbance frequency, mowing frequency, grazing pressure and soil disturbance. The first two indicators are provided separately for the whole community and for the herb layer. We calculated the values as the average of expert-based estimates of disturbance values in all habitat types where a species occurs, weighted by the number of plots in which the species occurs within a given habitat type. Spatial location and grain Europe. Vegetation plots ranging in size from 1 to 1000 m(2). Time period and grain Vegetation plots mostly sampled between 1956 and 2013 (= 5th and 95th quantiles of the sampling year, respectively). Major taxa and level of measurement Species-level indicator values for vascular plants. Software format csv file

Advancing the use of passive sampling in risk assessment and management of contaminated sediments: Results of an international passive sampling inter-laboratory comparison

This work presents the results of an international interlaboratory comparison on ex situ passive sampling in sediments. The main objectives were to map the state of the science in passively sampling sediments, identify sources of variability, provide recommendations and practical guidance for standardized passive sampling, and advance the use of passive sampling in regulatory decision making by increasing confidence in the use of the technique. The study was performed by a consortium of 11 laboratories and included experiments with 14 passive sampling formats on 3 sediments for 25 target chemicals (PAHs and PCBs). The resulting overall interlaboratory variability was large (a factor of ∼10), but standardization of methods halved this variability. The remaining variability was primarily due to factors not related to passive sampling itself, i.e., sediment heterogeneity and analytical chemistry. Excluding the latter source of variability, by performing all analyses in one laboratory, showed that passive sampling results can have a high precision and a very low intermethod variability

Ellenberg-type indicator values for European vascular plant species

Aims: Ellenberg-type indicator values are expert-based rankings of plant species according to their ecological optima on main environmental gradients. Here we extend the indicator-value system proposed by Heinz Ellenberg and co-authors for Central Europe by incorporating other systems of Ellenberg-type indicator values (i.e., those using scales compatible with Ellenberg values) developed for other European regions. Our aim is to create a harmonized data set of Ellenberg-type indicator values applicable at the European scale. Methods: We collected European data sets of indicator values for vascular plants and selected 13 data sets that used the nine-, ten- or twelve-degree scales defined by Ellenberg for light, temperature, moisture, reaction, nutrients and salinity. We compared these values with the original Ellenberg values and used those that showed consistent trends in regression slope and coefficient of determination. We calculated the average value for each combination of species and indicator values from these data sets. Based on species’ co-occurrences in European vegetation plots, we also calculated new values for species that were not assigned an indicator value. Results: We provide a new data set of Ellenberg-type indicator values for 8908 European vascular plant species (8168 for light, 7400 for temperature, 8030 for moisture, 7282 for reaction, 7193 for nutrients, and 7507 for salinity), of which 398 species have been newly assigned to at least one indicator value. Conclusions: The newly introduced indicator values are compatible with the original Ellenberg values. They can be used for large-scale studies of the European flora and vegetation or for gap-filling in regional data sets. The European indicator values and the original and taxonomically harmonized regional data sets of Ellenberg-type indicator values are available in the Supporting Information and the Zenodo repository

Co-Transport of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Motile Microorganisms Leads to Enhanced Mass Transfer under Diffusive Conditions.

The environmental chemodynamics of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) are often rate-limited by diffusion in stagnant boundary layers. This study investigated whether motile microorganisms can act as microbial carriers that enhance mass transfer of HOCs through diffusive boundary layers. A new experimental system was developed that allows (1) generation of concentration gradients of HOCs under the microscope, (2) exposure and direct observation of microorganisms in such gradients, and (3) quantification of HOC mass transfer. Silicone O-rings were integrated into a Dunn chemotaxis chamber to serve as sink and source for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This resulted in stable concentration gradients in water (>24 h). Adding the model organism <i>Tetrahymena pyriformis</i> to the experimental system enhanced PAH mass transfer up to hundred-fold (benzo­[a]­pyrene). Increasing mass transfer enhancement with hydrophobicity indicated PAH co-transport with the motile organisms. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed such transport. The effective diffusivity of <i>T. pyriformis</i>, determined by video imaging microscopy, was found to exceed molecular diffusivities of the PAHs up to four-fold. Cell-bound PAH fractions were determined to range from 28% (naphthalene) to 92% (pyrene). Motile microorganisms can therefore function as effective carriers for HOCs under diffusive conditions and might significantly enhance mobility and availability of HOCs

Dimensions of invasiveness: Links between local abundance, geographic range size, and habitat breadth in Europe's alien and native floras

Understanding drivers of success for alien species can inform on potential future invasions. Recent conceptual advances highlight that species may achieve invasiveness via performance along at least three distinct dimensions: 1) local abundance, 2) geographic range size, and 3) habitat breadth in naturalized distributions. Associations among these dimensions and the factors that determine success in each have yet to be assessed at large geographic scales. Here, we combine data from over one million vegetation plots covering the extent of Europe and its habitat diversity with databases on species' distributions, traits, and historical origins to provide a comprehensive assessment of invasiveness dimensions for the European alien seed plant flora. Invasiveness dimensions are linked in alien distributions, leading to a continuum from overall poor invaders to super invaders - abundant, widespread aliens that invade diverse habitats. This pattern echoes relationships among analogous dimensions measured for native European species. Success along invasiveness dimensions was associated with details of alien species' introduction histories: earlier introduction dates were positively associated with all three dimensions, and consistent with theory-based expectations, species originating from other continents, particularly acquisitive growth strategists, were among the most successful invaders in Europe. Despite general correlations among invasiveness dimensions, we identified habitats and traits associated with atypical patterns of success in only one or two dimensions - for example, the role of disturbed habitats in facilitating widespread specialists. We conclude that considering invasiveness within a multidimensional framework can provide insights into invasion processes while also informing general understanding of the dynamics of species distributions.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (264740629) Grantová Agentura České Republiky (19-28491X) Grantová Agentura České Republiky (19-28807X) Grantová Agentura České Republiky (RVO 67985939) Austrian Science Fund (I 2086 - B29) Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01LC1807A) Eusko Jaurlaritza (IT299-10) National Research Foundation of Korea (2018R1C1B6005351) University of Latvia (AAp2016/B041//Zd2016/AZ03) Villum Fonden (16549