As Políticas Educacionais para o Ensino Médio no Brasil: o Retrocesso Anunciado por Meio da Reforma do Ano de 2017

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado ao Instituto Latino-Americano de Arte, Cultura e História da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, como requisito parcial para a obtenção de título de licenciado em História - Licenciatura.O presente texto tem por objetivo discutir a Reforma do Ensino Médio no Brasil, instituída a partir da Medida Provisória n. 746/2016 e da Lei n. 13.415/2017 e apresentar algunselementos para compreensão do proposto nessa legislação além de vislumbrar possíveis desdobramentos para a formação ofertada no Ensino Médio a partir da Base Nacional Comum Curricular para o Ensino Médio. Tal objetivo proveniente das seguintes indagações: “Como se constitui historicamente o EM no Brasil?”;“Como se deu o processo de promulgação da Reforma do Ensino Médio no ano de 2017?”; e“Como se organiza o Ensino Médio a partir da Reforma e da BNCC/EM e quais os possíveis impactos para a formação nessa etapa da Educação Básica?”.Inicialmente trabalhamos na apreensão da constituição histórica do Ensino Médio no Brasil e, em seguida, apresentamos a discussão sobre a Reforma do Ensino e seus elementos constitutivos, problematizando-os. Metodologicamente, realizamos pesquisa exploratória de tipo documental e bibliográfica e fundamentando-nos em autores que pesquisam a temática. A partir dos estudos realizados, concluímos como problemático o processo pelo qual se implementa a Reforma do Ensino Médio, por meio de Medida Provisória, de forma autoritária, e posteriormente da Base Nacional Comum Curricular para essa etapa, medidas realizadas sem que houvesse o necessário debate com os educadores, estudantes, movimentos sociais e entidades. Ainda, em análise inicial, demarcamos que a Reforma e a BNCC/EM, alicerçadas em alterações no conteúdo curricular e na carga horária, remetem a uma formação limitadora que apresenta centralidade nas disciplinas de Língua Portuguesa e Matemática, indicando evidente vinculação com as avaliações externas; logo, podem significar uma formação voltada apenas aos conhecimentos básicos relacionados com o atendimento do mercado de trabalho. Ademais, há fragmentação do currículo ao delimitar-se uma base geral e outra diversificada denominada como itinerários formativos, reduzindo a formação à precoce escolha do itinerário formativo. Todos esses elementos são alicerçados por uma limitação analítica quanto aos reais desafios a serem enfrentados nessa etapa, reduzindo-os à definição de um currículo, não apresentando os diversos fatoresque precarizam e determinam o acesso e a permanência de diversos sujeitos também na etapa do Ensino Médio, dentre os quais a crescente desigualdade social

Area Schedule Based Design of High-Pressure Recovery Radial Diffusion Systems

High-pressure ratio centrifugal compressors require advanced diffusion systems to achieve enhanced efficiencies set by future turbocharger applications. To address the shortcomings of the commonly used channel diffuser and airfoil cascade design perspectives, a streamtube based area schedule is adopted paying special attention to the diffuser entry region. It is shown that the diffusion in the semivaneless space, controlled chiefly by inlet flow angle and the vane suction side geometry, plays a key role in improving diffuser performance. Removing excess thickness from the suction side eliminates flow overspeed, increases effective diffusion length, and leads to higher pressure recovery at reduced stagnation pressure loss. The pressure side thickness distribution controls the channel area schedule. Thin leading edges (LEs) ensure smooth flow area transition into the channel and reduce the vane upstream influence, mitigating high-cycle fatigue related mechanical issues.ABB Turbo Systems A

Prehistoric chamber tombs or geological pitfall? A multimethod case study from Ancient Aigeira with a focus on seismic full‐waveform inversion

We show an extensive multimethod geophysical study of focusing on someenigmatic subsurface structures found at Ancient Aigeira (N Peloponnes, Greece) thatcould be interpreted either as prehistoric chamber tombs or complex weatheringpatterns of the local marl–conglomerate rock sequences. It turns out that the non-seismic methods do not allow to distinguish between an archaeological and a geologi-cal origin of the observed patterns with certainty. In contrast, we demonstrate howshear-wave seismics and full-waveform inversion (FWI) can be used in archaeologicalprospection for distinguishing between these alternative essentially differentinterpretational models that are not distinguishable through nonseismic prospectiondata. The example site Aigeira is strategically well located on a hill on the NorthernPeloponnese overlooking the Corinthian Gulf and has been inhabited with occupa-tional gaps since Middle Neolithic times until the 12th to early 14th centuryCE.Magnetics, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography(ERT) reveal a honeycomb-shaped anomaly pattern that could have been interpretedas a system of prehistoric chamber tombs. The time-domain SH-FWI strategy basedon a sequential inversion of low-pass and band-pass filtered data results insubsurface models for shear-wave velocity and density that accurately fits the com-plicated seismic data set.With the help of the seismic survey, we can reject the interpretationhypothesis of a prehistoric cemetery with chamber tombs and confirm that theenigmatic geophysical patterns represent a geological weathering structure thatcould be addressed as a reincised fan delta draped by reddish palaeosols

Emission color-tunable oxazol(in)yl-substituted excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)-based luminophores

Oxazolinyl- and arylchalcogenazolyl-substituted hydroxyfluorenes exhibiting excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) are described as potent and highly modular luminophores. Emission color tuning was achieved by varying the π-expansion and the insertion of different chalcogen atoms

Implications of landscape configuration on understory forage productivity: a remote sensing assessment of native forests openings

Sound management of native forests used for cattle grazing requires understanding the dynamics of forage productivity in the openings. Despite their importance, forage productivity drivers in highly heterogeneous forested landscapes, or their variability over the year, are still unclear. The aim of this work is to find predictors of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) variation in the openings of native temperate forests and to evaluate how these predictors change within the growing season. We used high spatial resolution remote sensing imagery from NW Patagonia to separate forest openings from tree dense canopy. We obtained data of each opening related with herbaceous and shrub forage productivity and calculated landscape metrics. We estimated a multiple linear regression model for predicting NDVI in each season. Beyond known variables related with forage productivity (altitude, precipitation, etc.), the shape of forest’ openings appeared as relevant in predicting NDVI. Higher values of forest opening perimeters were related with a decrease in NDVI in spring when soil water content is not limiting and conversely with an increase in NDVI in summer when water is limiting growth. These results suggest that environmental drivers such as temperature and soil moisture inside the opening, and competition or facilitation process between trees and grasses are mediated by the shape of the opening. Management of heterogeneous native forests for cattle raising requires considering the shape of the openings to maximize forage productivity.Fil: Trinco, Fabio Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural. - Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural; ArgentinaFil: Rusch, Verónica E.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Howison, Ruth A.. University of Groningen; Países BajosFil: Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural. - Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural; ArgentinaFil: Tittonell, Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Carlos de Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; Argentin

Nanosecond Pulsed Laser-Heated Nanocrystals Inside a Metal-Organic Framework Matrix

Investigations on gold and gold-zinc oxide nanocrystals encapsulated in a matrix of a metal-organic framework (ZIF-8) upon plasmonic heating with nanosecond laser pulses are presented. Irradiation of Au@ZIF-8 composite particles leads to heating of the gold core and decomposition of surrounding matrix acting as temperature probe. Cavities inside the ZIF-8 matrix are found on TEM images after irradiation. Their size is determined dependent on laser energy density and the generated heat at the gold core after absorption of a laser pulse approximated. The surrounding of the gold cores can be heated up to ZIF-8 decomposition over a distance up to 60 nm. This represents a method to visualize heat transfer from the gold cores to the ZIF-8 matrix in three dimensions. Studies on ZIF-8 encapsulated Au@ZnO dot-rod particles give insight in heat transfer between the particle components and show the applicability of the method to different, more complex systems. © 2022 The Authors. ChemNanoMat published by Wiley-VCH GmbH

Design of Electromagnetic Cloaks and Concentrators Using Form-Invariant Coordinate Transformations of Maxwell's Equations

The technique of applying form-invariant, spatial coordinate transformations of Maxwell's equations can facilitate the design of structures with unique electromagnetic or optical functionality. Here, we illustrate the transformation-optical approach in the designs of a square electromagnetic cloak and an omni-directional electromagnetic field concentrator. The transformation equations are described and the functionality of the devices is numerically confirmed by two-dimensional finite element simulations. The two devices presented demonstrate that the transformation optic approach leads to the specification of complex, anisotropic and inhomogeneous materials with well directed and distinct electromagnetic behavior.Comment: submitted to "Photonics and Nanostructures", Special Issue "PECS VII", Elsevie

Investigating toxic aluminium levels in haemodialysis patients after “Day Zero” drought in Cape Town, South Africa

Introduction: Aluminium is the most abundant metallic element in the earth’s crust and can be consumed through water, medications, and by using metallic cooking utensils. Aluminium levels become a concern when they are above biological exposure limits and can present with multiple clinical complications. When patients have chronic kidney disease and are on haemodialysis, impaired aluminium excretion can lead to its accumulation. Significantly elevated serum aluminium levels were noted in patients with chronic kidney disease (stage 5) on haemodialysis at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. This coincided with one of the worst water crises ever experienced in this metropolitan area, with extreme water restrictions being imposed and alternative water sources being accessed.Method: A multidisciplinary task force performed a systematic evaluation of aluminium concentrations throughout the dialysis water system. Additionally, a thorough investigation was performed to assess the quality of the laboratory results.Results: Possible areas of contamination and potential sources of exposure were excluded. The laboratory results were verified, and potential sources of error were excluded. The investigation verified that aluminium was truly elevated in the serum of patients, and concluded that dialysis was not the cause. Subsequently, patients’ results have declined to baseline, making it possible that there was increased environmental exposure during the drought.Conclusion: This report serves as a reminder to clinicians of acceptable serum aluminium levels in people on dialysis, and in the water system. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary collaborative team approach for the investigation of unexpected results or changes in trends

Adaptive School-based Implementation of CBT (ASIC): clustered-SMART for building an optimized adaptive implementation intervention to improve uptake of mental health interventions in schools

Abstract Background Depressive and anxiety disorders affect 20–30% of school-age youth, most of whom do not receive adequate services, contributing to poor developmental and academic outcomes. Evidence-based practices (EBPs) such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can improve outcomes, but numerous barriers limit access among affected youth. Many youth try to access mental health services in schools, but school professionals (SPs: counselors, psychologists, social workers) are rarely trained adequately in CBT methods. Further, SPs face organizational barriers to providing CBT, such as lack of administrative support. Three promising implementation strategies to address barriers to school-based CBT delivery include (1) Replicating Effective Programs (REP), which deploys customized CBT packaging, didactic training in CBT, and technical assistance; (2) coaching, which extends training via live supervision to improve SP competence in CBT delivery; and (3) facilitation, which employs an organizational expert who mentors SPs in strategic thinking to promote self-efficacy in garnering administrative support. REP is a relatively low-intensity/low-cost strategy, whereas coaching and facilitation require additional resources. However, not all schools will require all three strategies. The primary aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of a school-level adaptive implementation intervention involving REP, coaching, and facilitation versus REP alone on the frequency of CBT delivered to students by SPs and student mental health outcomes. Secondary and exploratory aims examine cost-effectiveness, moderators, and mechanisms of implementation strategies. Methods Using a clustered, sequential multiple-assignment, randomized trial (SMART) design, ≥ 200 SPs from 100 schools across Michigan will be randomized initially to receive REP vs. REP+coaching. After 8 weeks, schools that do not meet a pre-specified implementation benchmark are re-randomized to continue with the initial strategy or to augment with facilitation. Discussion EBPs need to be implemented successfully and efficiently in settings where individuals are most likely to seek care in order to gain large-scale impact on public health. Adaptive implementation interventions hold the promise of providing cost-effective implementation support. This is the first study to test an adaptive implementation of CBT for school-age youth, at a statewide level, delivered by school staff, taking an EBP to large populations with limited mental health care access. Trial registration NCT03541317 —Registered on 29 May 2018 on ClinicalTrials.gov PRShttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145606/1/13012_2018_Article_808.pd