THE NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS ON ALZHEIMER`S DISEASE: A REVIEW

In the 21st century, the human population is suffering from a neurodegenerative disorder in which neuronal death occurs due to a long-term chronic condition causing substantial major health concerns. When neurons die, they are not regenerated, causing cognitive impairment, i.e., Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, and dementia. This review concentrates only on Alzheimer’s disease aetiology and various plants having potent neuroprotective activity related to Alzheimer’s disease. The most common aetiology of Alzheimer’s disease is a deposition of APP protein, hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein, a reduction in acetylcholine and oxidative stress, which are discussed briefly. Moreover, pertinent evidence is also discussed for medicinal plants with potent or promising neuroprotective activity related to Alzheimer’s disease

ASPEN plus modelling of air-steam gasification of biomass with sorbent enabled CO2 capture

The work deals with the modelling and simulation of carbon dioxide capture in air-steam gasification of saw dust using ASPEN Plus process simulator. The proposed quasi-steady state model incorporates pyrolysis, tar cracking and char conversion using existing experimental data. Prediction accuracy of the developed model is validated by comparing with available experimental results. Effects of CaO addition in air-steam gasification are analysed through key operating parameters such as gasification temperature, equivalence ratio, steam to biomass ratio and gasification efficiency. Maximum H2 mole fraction of 31.17% is obtained at a temperature of 900 K, equivalence ratio of 0.25, and steam to biomass ratio and sorbent to biomass ratio of unity. The H2 and CO2 mole fractions are found to be increased and decreased by 28.10% and 42.6%, respectively, when compared with the corresponding non- sorbent case

CFD analysis of fully decaying, partially decaying and partly swirl flow in round tubes with short length twisted tapes

CFD investigation was carried out to study the heat transfer characteristics of air flow inside a circular tube with a fully decaying, partially decaying and partly swirl flow. Four combinations of tube with twisted-tape inserts, half-length upstream twisted tape condition (HLUTT), half-length downstream twisted tape condition (HLDTT), full-length twisted tape (FLTT), inlet twisted tape (ILTT) are considered along with plain tube (PT) for comparison.. Three different twist parameter, ? = 0.14, 0.27, and 0.38, for twisted tape configuration have been studied for the above four configurations. 3D numerical simulation was performed for an analysis of heat transfer and fluid flow for turbulent regime. The results of CFD investigations of heat transfer, and friction characteristics are presented for the FLTT, HLUTT, HLDTT and the ILTT along with a velocity and temperature profiles analysis in comparison with the PT case. Keywords: HLUTT, HLDTT and FLTT, enhancement, Tape inserts, partially decaying swirl flow

A rare presentation of immune thrombocytopenic purpura

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is defined as a hematologic disorder, characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia without any apparent cause. Some patients may be diagnosed during routine blood investigations or may present with bleeding diathesis. Treatment required for moderate to severe thrombocytopenia or those with bleeding manifestations. We present a case of 43 year old male, sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis on isoniazid (H), rifampin (R), pyrazinamide (Z), and ethambutol (E) (HRZE) with persistent thrombocytopenia. He developed hepatitis hence isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin were stopped. He had fever, rash, purpura, hematuria and blood tinged sputum with platelet count of 10,000. 4 random donor platelets (RDPs) given. He suffered from mild COVID-19 infection and recovered in 2 weeks but platelets remained low. Bone marrow examination was suggestive of ITP. Inspite of steroid therapy no improvement was seen. Later was treated with injection romiplostim, and started on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) regimen for tuberculosis and discharged with regular follow up. Last platelet count being 1,20000/dl, liver function tests normal and now restarted on HRZE

EVALUATION OF ANTI-DIABETIC POTENTIAL OF IXORA PAVETTAIN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

Objective: Evaluation of anti-diabetic potential ofIxorapavetta in streptozotocin induced diabetic ratsMethods: Diabetes was induced by thesingle dose of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg body weight i. p.) to female Wistarrats. Diabetic rats were stabilized for six day and from seventh day butenolic fraction of Ixorapavetta(BIP) was administered at a dose of 250 mg/kg, p. o. and 500 mg/kg for 3 weeks. Glibenclamide 10 mg/kg P. O. was used as a standard. The effects of BIP and standard drug on following parameters were recorded - body weight, blood glucose and various biochemical parameters like serum lipid profile eg. total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG), HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL. At the end of the study oxidative stress markers like CAT, GSH, and lipid peroxidation were analyzed in the pancreases. Histopathological changes were studied in pancreases of representative animals of the each group.Results: Administration of butenolic fractionof Ixorapavetta(BIP) at a dose of 250 mg/kg, p. o. and 500 mg/kg, p. o did not show any significant change in blood glucose level of normoglycemic rats, whereas, oral glucose tolerance test depicted significant (P<0.001) reduction in blood glucose level at 30 to 60 min. In streptozotocininduced diabetic rats, BIP was found significantly beneficial in controlling elevated blood glucose level and serum lipid parameters. The findings were strengthening by improved antioxidant status in diabetic rats as well as protection towards pathological damage of pancreases. The results showed by 500 mg/kg of butenol fractionof Ixorapavettawere comparable with standard treatment of Glibenclamide 10 mg/kg.Conclusion: Butenolfractionof Ixorapavettapossessanti-diabetic action in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Â

EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS OF SOLUTION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION OF FRACTIONAL ORDER VIA S-ITERATION

In this paper, we study the existence, uniqueness and other properties of solutions of differential equation of fractional order involving the Caputo fractional derivative. The tool employed in the analysis is based on application of S− iteration method. The study of qualitative properties in general required differential and integral inequalities, and here S−iteration method itself has equally important contribution to study various properties such as dependence on initial data, closeness of solutions and dependence on parameters and functions involved therein. Finally, we present an example in support of all proved results

Vascular Response to Sildenafil Citrate in Aging and Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) - the leading cause of vision loss in the elderly - share many risks factors as atherosclerosis, which exhibits loss of vascular compliance resulting from aging and oxidative stress. Here, we attempt to explore choroidal and retinal vascular compliance in patients with AMD by evaluating dynamic vascular changes using live ocular imaging following treatment with oral sildenafil citrate, a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor and potent vasodilator. Enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and OCT angiography (OCT-A) were performed on 46 eyes of 23 subjects, including 15 patients with non-exudative AMD in one eye and exudative AMD in the fellow eye, and 8 age-matched control subjects. Choroidal thickness, choroidal vascularity, and retinal vessel density were measured across the central macula at 1 and 3 hours after a 100 mg oral dose of sildenafil citrate. Baseline choroidal thickness was 172.1 ± 60.0 μm in non-exudative AMD eyes, 196.4 ± 89.8 μm in exudative AMD eyes, and 207.4 ± 77.7 μm in control eyes, with no difference between the 3 groups (P = 0.116). After sildenafil, choroidal thickness increased by 6.0% to 9.0% at 1 and 3 hours in all groups (P = 0.001-0.014). Eyes from older subjects were associated with choroidal thinning at baseline (P = 0.005) and showed less choroidal expansion at 1 hour and 3 hours after sildenafil (P = 0.001) regardless of AMD status (P = 0.666). The choroidal thickening appeared to be primarily attributed to expansion of the stroma rather than luminal component. Retinal vascular density remained unchanged after sildenafil in all 3 groups (P = 0.281-0.587). Together, our studies suggest that vascular response of the choroid to sildenafil decreases with age, but is not affected by the presence of non-exudative or exudative AMD, providing insight into changes in vessel compliance in aging and AMD

Conservation Strategies Using Watershed Management and Rainwater Harvesting

Watershed management amp rainwater harvesting plays a vital role in reducing soil erosion amp water conservation. Several districts in coastal Maharashtra face the perennial problem of water storage despite of getting heavy rains during the monsoons lack of water is particularly acute problem during the months after the monsoon seasons. This study aims to cater the water scarcity by implementing watershed management amp rainwater harvesting systems, To model amp analyze watershed amp Rainwater harvesting project in our college (Vishwaniketanrsquos iMEET) area to fulfill water requirement.nbs

Diabetic nephropathy: early markers for monitoring and prevention

Background: Type 2 diabetes, with its complications is perpetually on the rise more so in India .Diabetic Nephropathy progresses silently, and manifests at a stage where, patient can be offered only renal replacement. This study was undertaken to detect early markers of Diabetic Nephropathy. Aims and objective of the study was to study early nephropathy by UACR (urinary albumin/creatinine ratio), RFT (renal function test) and e-GFR in Type 2 diabetic patients of more than 2 years duration, with and without hypertension.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional observational study, of 100 patients, 18-60 years of age, of type 2 Diabetes of 2 year duration and above, of which 50 were only diabetic and 50 had diabetes and hypertension. Patients who had an established renal disease were excluded from study.Results: Our study of 100 patients, 18-60 years of age, had 23 male and 77 female patients. Maximum patients were in age group 41-50 years, and 52% had diabetes of 2-4 years duration. Of the renal parameters studied, BUN was normal in 72% and S. Creatinine normal in 67%. UACR was normal in only 38%, and e-GFR was normal in 49%.Conclusions: In our study age and sex, duration of Diabetes and HbA1c did not have any bearing on renal parameters. UACR followed by e-GFR, were deranged early. UACR was more deranged in diabetics with hypertension.