Weak-Key Leakage Resilient Cryptography

In traditional cryptography, the standard way of examining the security of a scheme is to analyze it in a black-box manner, capturing no side channel attacks which exploit various forms of unintended information leakages and do threaten the practical security of the scheme. One way to protect against such attacks aforementioned is to extend the traditional models so as to capture them. Early models rely on the assumption that only computation leaks information, and are incapable of capturing memory attacks such as cold boot attacks. Thus, Akavia et al.(TCC \u2709) formalize the general model of key-leakage attacks to cover them. However, most key-leakage attacks in reality tend to be weak key leakage attacks which can be viewed as a nonadaptive version of the key-leakage attacks. Powerful as those may be, the existing constructions of cryptographic schemes in adaptive key-leakage attacks model still have some drawbacks such as they are quite inefficient or they can only tolerate a small amount of leakage. Therefore, we mainly consider models that cover weak key-leakage attacks and the corresponding constructions in them. We extend the transformation paradigm presented by Naor and Segev that can transform from any chosen-plaintext secure public-key encryption (PKE) scheme to a chosen-plaintext weak key-leakage secure PKE scheme. Our extensions are two-fold. Firstly, we extend the paradigm into chosen-ciphertext attack scenarios and prove that the properties of it still hold in these scenarios. We also give an instantiation based on DDH assumption in this setting. Additionally, we extend the paradigm to cover more side channel attacks under the consideration of different types of leakage functions. We further consider attacks which require the secret key still has enough min-entropy after leaking and prove the original paradigm is still applicable in this case with chosen-ciphertext attacks. Attacks that require the secret key is computationally infeasible to recover given the leakage information are taken into consideration as well. And we formalize the informal discusses by Naor and Segev in (Crypto\u27 09) on how to adapt the original paradigm in this new models

Correction Strategy of Mortars with Trajectory Correction Fuze Based on Image Sensor

For a higher accuracy of projectiles, a novel trajectory correction fuze is proposed. In this design, the sensor and actuator were reduced to achieve a balance between performance and affordability. Following introduction of the fuze concept, the flight model was presented and the crossrange and downrange components of trajectory response under control were investigated. The relationship between the inertial coordinate system and the detector coordinate system was studied so that the imager feedback could be used to derive the actual miss distance. The deployment time of canards and roll angle of the forward fuze were derived and used as the inputs of the control system in this strategy. Example closed-loop simulations were implemented to verify the effectiveness of the strategy. The results illustrate that the accuracy increase is evident and the proposed correction concept is applicable for terminal correction of mortars

Evaluation of MAV/UAV Collaborative Combat Capability Based on Network Structure

The collaborative combat of manned/unmanned aerial vehicles (MAVs/UAVs) is a popular topic in combat application research. It maximizes the autonomous combat capability of UAVs and the control capability of MAVs. Furthermore, it improves the comprehensive combat effectiveness. The quantitative description of intercommunication in different aircrafts along with the evaluation of the collaborative combat capability is an emphasis in military research. This paper analyzes the collaborative combat process. Node and edge models are established in the MAV/UAV collaborative network. The intercommunication and combat behaviors among combat entities are analyzed. Based on the information entropy, the effect of capability uncertainties on the collaborative combat is described quantitatively. An evaluation method of the MAV/UAV collaborative combat capability is proposed. Finally, an example is given to demonstrate the proposed model and evaluation method that prove its feasibility and effectiveness

Diagnosis of a Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus 2 (RHDV2) and the Humoral Immune Protection Effect of VP60 Vaccine

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) is known as rabbit plague and hemorrhagic pneumonia. It is an acute, septic, and highly fatal infectious disease caused by the Lagovirus rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) in the family Caliciviridae that infects wild and domestic rabbits and hares (lagomorphs). At present, RHDV2 has caused huge economic losses to the commercial rabbit trade and led to a decline in the number of wild lagomorphs worldwide. We performed a necropsy and pathological observations on five dead rabbits on a rabbit farm in Tai’an, China. The results were highly similar to the clinical and pathological changes of typical RHD. RHDV2 strain was isolated and identified by RT-PCR, and partial gene sequencing and genetic evolution analysis were carried out. There were significant differences in genetic characteristics and antigenicity between RHDV2 and classical RHDV strain, and the vaccine prepared with the RHDV strain cannot effectively prevent rabbit infection with RHDV2. Therefore, we evaluated the protective efficacy of a novel rabbit hemorrhagic virus baculovirus vector inactivated vaccine (VP60) in clinical application by animal regression experiment. The result showed that VP60 could effectively induce humoral immunity in rabbits. The vaccine itself had no significant effect on the health status of rabbits. This study suggested that the clinical application of VP60 may provide new ideas for preventing the spread of RHD2

Association of survival with adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage IB gastric cancer: a multicentre, observational, cohort studyResearch in context

Summary: Background: Recurrence following radical resection in patients with stage IB gastric cancer (GC) is not uncommon. However, whether postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy could reduce the risk of recurrence in stage IB GC remains contentious. Methods: We collected data on 2110 consecutive patients with pathologic stage IB (T1N1M0 or T2N0M0) GC who were admitted to 8 hospitals in China from 2009 to 2018. The survival of patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy was compared with that of postoperative observation patients using propensity score matching (PSM). Two survival prediction models were constructed to estimate the predicted net survival gain attributable to adjuvant chemotherapy. Findings: Of the 2110 patients, 1344 received adjuvant chemotherapy and 766 received postoperative observation. Following the 1-to-1 matching, PSM yielded 637 matched pairs. Among matched pairs, adjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with improved survival compared with postoperative observation (OS: hazard ratio [HR], 0.72; 95% CI, 0.52–1.00; DFS: HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.64–1.29). Interestingly, in the subgroup analysis, reduced mortality after adjuvant chemotherapy was observed in the subgroups with elevated serum CA19-9 (HR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.08–0.57; P = 0.001 for multiplicative interaction), positive lymphovascular invasion (HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.17–0.62; P < 0.001 for multiplicative interaction), or positive lymph nodes (HR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.07–0.38; P < 0.001 for multiplicative interaction). The survival prediction models mainly based on variables associated with chemotherapy benefits in the subgroup analysis demonstrated good calibration and discrimination, with relatively high C-indexes. The C-indexes for OS were 0.74 for patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and 0.70 for patients treated with postoperative observation. Two nomograms were built from the models that can calculate individualized estimates of expected net survival gain attributable to adjuvant chemotherapy. Interpretation: In this cohort study, pathologic stage IB alone was not associated with survival benefits from adjuvant chemotherapy compared with postoperative observation in patients with early-stage GC. High-risk clinicopathologic features should be considered simultaneously when evaluating patients with stage IB GC for adjuvant chemotherapy. Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China; the National Key R&D Program of China