Manifestaciones de la piedad popular en las ermitas emeritenses al final de la Edad Media.

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Arquitectura civil de la Orden de San Juan de Consuegra.

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altered expression of cD300a inhibitory receptor on cD4+ T cells From human immunodeficiency Virus-1-infected Patients: association With Disease Progression Markers.

The ability of the CD300a inhibitory receptor to modulate immune cell functions and its involvement in the pathogenesis of many diseases has aroused a great interest in this molecule. Within human CD4+ T lymphocytes from healthy donors, the inhibitory receptor CD300a is differentially expressed among different T helper subsets. However, there are no data about the expression and regulation of CD300a receptor on CD4+ T cells from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of CD300a on CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected patients on suppressive combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) and cART naïve patients. Our results have demonstrated that the expression levels of this inhibitory receptor were higher on CD4+ T cells from HIV-1 infected subjects compared with healthy donors, and that cART did not reverse the altered expression of CD300a receptor in these patients. We have observed an increase of CD300a expression on both PD1+CD4+ and CD38+CD4+ T cells from HIV-1 infected people. Interestingly, a triple positive (CD300a+PD1+CD38+) subset was expanded in naïve HIV-1 infected patients, while it was very rare in healthy donors and patients on cART. Finally, we found a negative correlation of CD300a expression on CD4+ T lymphocytes and some markers associated with HIV-1 disease progression. Thus, our results show that HIV-1 infection has an impact in the regulation of CD300a inhibitory receptor expression levels, and further studies will shed light into the role of this cell surface receptor in the pathogenesis of HIV infection

Enfermedad renal crónica: la carga sanitaria invisible para los organismos

The uptake of the current concept of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by the public, physicians and health authorities is low. Physicians still mix up CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. In a recent manuscript, only 23% of participants in a cohort of persons with CKD had been diagnosed by their physicians as having CKD while 29% has a diagnosis of cancer and 82% had a diagnosis of hypertension. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. A prevalent view is that for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is “solved” by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, the main burden of CKD is accelerated aging and allcause and cardiovascular premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal COVID-19 and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Moreover, men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality which is 10–100- fold higher than similar age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by around 40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth global cause of death by 2040 and the second cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when 1 in 4 Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded CIBER network research structure in Spain. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network REDINREN have now applied for the RICORS call of collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, ALCER and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true. However, only the highest level of research funding through the CIBER will allow to adequately address the issue before it is too lateEl impacto del concepto actual de enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) en la población, médicos y autoridades sanitarias ha sido bajo. Los médicos aún confunden la ERC con la insuficiencia renal crónica. En un manuscrito reciente, en una cohorte de personas con ERC, solo el 23% de los participantes fueron diagnosticados de ERC por sus médicos mientras que el 29% estaban diagnosticados de cáncer y el 82% de hipertensión. Para el público en general y las autoridades sanitarias, la ERC evoca la terapia de reemplazo renal (TRR). En España, la prevalencia de TRR es del 0,13%. La opinión predominante es que para aquellos en los que fallan los riñones el problema se “resuelve” mediante diálisis o trasplante de riñón. Sin embargo, la principal carga sanitaria de la ERC es el envejecimiento acelerado y la muerte prematura de causa cardiovascular o de cualquier causa. La ERC es el factor mas prevalente de riesgo de mortalidad por COVID-19 después de la edad avanzada. Además, los hombres y mujeres que se someten a TRR todavía tienen una mortalidad anual que es de 10 a 100 veces superior a sus pares de edades similares, y la esperanza de vida se reduce en alrededor de 40 años para jóvenes en diálisis y en 15 años para jóvenes con un injerto renal funcionante. Se espera que la ERC se convierta en la quinta causa mundial de muerte para 2040 y la segunda causa de muerte en España antes de fin de siglo, época en la que 1 de cada 4 españoles tendrá ERC. Sin embargo, para 2022, la ERC se convertirá en la única causa de muerte entre las 15 principales a nivel mundial que no cuenta con el respaldo de una estructura de investigación CIBER en España. Los Principales grupos de investigación renal en España agrupados en la red de investigación colaborativa renal REDINREN han solicitado la convocatoria RICORS de investigación colaborativa en España con el apoyo de la Sociedad Española de Nefrología, ALCER y ONT: RICORS 040 tiene como objetivo evitar que se hagan realidad las terribles predicciones sobre la carga mundial de ERC para 2040. Sin embargo, solo el más alto nivel de financiación de la investigación a través del CIBER permitirá abordar adecuadamente el problema antes de que sea demasiado tard

Computing large direct products of free groups in integral group rings

We construct explicitly a subgroup of finite minimal index and minimal rank in which is a direct products of free groups for each finite group G for which this is possibleThe first author has been partially supported by the DGI of Spain and Fundación Seneca of Murci

Diseño de un proyecto de investigación básico

Nos proponemos que los estudiantes entren en contacto con las actividades de investigación y que, de manera autónoma, aunque guiados por el profesor, encuentren la respuesta a una pregunta mediante el desarrollo del método científico, haciendo uso también de unos procedimientos básicos para la elaboración de un proyecto de investigación.We propose that the students come in contact with the activities of research and that, in an autonomous manner, while guided by the professor, to find the answer to a question through the development of the scientific method, by using a few basic procedures for the preparation of a research project

Malignant neuroleptic syndrome associated with the use of antipsychotic drugs

Trabajo fin de grado en EnfermeríaINTRODUCCIÓN: El Síndrome Neuroléptico Maligno (SNM) es la complicación más grave asociada al uso de agentes que alteran la neurotransmisión del sistema dopaminérgicos, como antipsicóticos y/o antagonistas de la dopamina. (1) (13) Aparece en un 0,5-3% de los pacientes tratados con neurolépticos, generalmente en la edad adulta, en la población geriátrica y con mayor porcentaje en hombres que en mujeres (2-1) (3) y llega a ser potencialmente mortal en un 11,6% de los casos. (4)(9) OBJETIVO: Conocer el porcentaje de pacientes que sufren SNM asociado al tratamiento con antipsicóticos neurolépticos y/o atípicos. MÉTODO: Se lleva a cabo la revisión de casos clínicos para la realización de un estudio de cohortes retrospectivo con un tamaño de muestra de 100 pacientes en tratamiento con antipsicóticos, procedentes del CSM Colmenar Viejo. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: (i) estar diagnosticado de esquizofrenia; (ii) seguir un tratamiento con neurolépticos y (iii) acudir de forma regular al CSM de Colmenar Viejo para seguimiento. Los pacientes que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión fueron, una cohorte de 25 pacientes sobre los que se hará la revisión de las historias clínicas. Se analizaron las siguientes variables: (i) patología, (ii) sexo, (iii) edad, (iv) tratamiento 3 psiquiátrico, (v) adherencia terapéutica, (vi) eficacia, (vii) años en tratamiento, (viii) ingresos hospitalarios y (ix) evolución sanitaria durante un periodo de un año. RESULTADOS: Los resultados obtenidos del estudio para las diferentes variables son; para la (ii) edad, encontramos que el rango de más frecuencia de edad es entre los 40-50 años. En cuanto al (iii) sexo, el 60% de los pacientes de nuestro estudio son hombres. El (iv) tratamiento psiquiátrico más utilizado por los pacientes incluidos es el aripiprazol o la paliperidona IM, lo cual se relaciona directamente con la (v)adherencia terapéutica, la cual es total en un 64% de los casos, lo cual garantiza en un 32% la (vi) eficacia total. Un 28% de los pacientes incluidos en el estudio llevaban entre 1-5 (vii) años en tratamiento y un 24% entre 5-10 años, (viii) el número de ingresos hospitalarios mayoritarios fue un ingreso, y tres ingresos con un 24% sobre el total. Finalmente, el resultado del estudio es que de una muestra de 25 pacientes diagnosticados de esquizofrenia y con tratamiento con fármacos antipsicóticos únicamente un 4% sufrió SNM diagnosticado. CONCLUSIONES: Tras finalizar el estudio hemos observado que la edad de mayor frecuencia en la que se da el SNM es entre los 25-50 años y que se da con una mayor probabilidad en hombres que en mujeres, al recibir mayor cantidad de fármacos. Los tratamientos más habituales son el aripiprazol y la paliperidona y la vía más frecuente de administración es la IM. La vía IM garantiza una mayor adherencia y eficacia. De 25 pacientes estudiados, uno sufrió SNM diagnosticado, por lo que concluimos que la prevalencia de dicho síndrome es baja.INTRODUCTION: The Syndrome Malignant Neuroleptic (SNM) is the most serious complication associated with the agents' use that they alter the neurotransmisión of the system dopaminérgicos, since antipsychotic and / or antagonists of the dopamine. (1 (13)) Appears in 0,5-3 % of the patients treated with neuroleptics, generally in the adult age, in the geriatric population and with major percentage in men that in women (2-1 (3)) and it manages to be potentially mortal in 11,6 % of the cases. (4 (9)) I TARGET: To know the percentage of patients who suffer SNM associated with the treatment with antipsychotic neuroleptics and / or atypical. METHOD: there carries out the review of clinical cases for the accomplishment of a retrospective study of cohorts with a size of sample of 100 patients in treatment with antipsychotic, proceeding from the CSM Old Apiary. The 4 criteria of incorporation were: (i) to be diagnosed of schizophrenia; the (ii)nd to follow a treatment with neuroleptics and the (iii)rd to come of regular form to the CSM of Old Apiary for follow-up. The patients who fulfilled the criteria of incorporation were, a cohort of 25 patients on whom there will be done the review of the clinical histories. The following variables were analyzed: (i) pathology, the (ii)nd sex, the (iii)rd age, the (iv)th psychiatric treatment, (v) therapeutic adherence, the (vi)th efficiency, the (vii)th years in treatment, the (viii)th hospitable income and the (ix)th sanitary evolution during a period of one year. RESULTS: The results obtained of the study, for the different variables are; for the age (ii), we think that the range of more frequency of age is between 40-50 years. As for the sex (iii), 60 % of the patients of our study is men. The treatment (iv) psychiatric most used by the included patients is the aripiprazol or the palipelidona IM, which relates directly with (v) therapeutic adherence, which is total in 64 % of the cases, which guarantees in 32 % the efficiency (vi) total. 28 % of the patients included in the study was going between 1-5 (vii) years in treatment and 24 % between 5-10 years, the (viii)th the number of hospitable majority income was a revenue, and three income with 24 % on the total. Finally, the result of the study is that of a sample of 25 patients diagnosed of schizophrenia and with treatment with antipsychotic medicaments only 4 % suffered diagnosed SNM. CONCLUSIONS: After finishing the study we have observed that the age of major frequency in the one that gives herself the SNM is between 25-50 years and that one meets on a major probability in men that in women, on having received major quantity of medicaments. The most habitual treatments are the aripiprazol and the paliperidona and the most frequent route of administration is the IM. The route IM guarantees a major adherence and efficiency to the treatment. Of 25 studied patients, one suffered SNM diagnósticado, for what we conclude that the prevalencia of the above mentioned syndrome is low

High temperature treatments of porous activated carbon

The use of biomass waste for the preparation of activated carbon is of great industrial interest for reducing costs and increasing the sustainability, especially in the field of energy storage. A high temperature treatment is required to obtain a more ordered carbon material, thus increasing its conductivity. However, this high temperature treatment entails as a disadvantage a significant reduction in porosity. Therefore, a method to prepare activated carbons with a high porosity development as well as high conductivity could be of great interest for many applications. The aim of this work is to analyze the possible influence of phosphorus compounds on the physical-chemical properties of different carbon materials thermally treated at relatively high temperatures (1600 ºC). With this goal, it has been prepared activated carbons from different precursors (olive stone, lignin and hemp) and different conformations (powder, fibers and monoliths) by physical and chemical activation, with CO2 and H3PO4, respectively. Once the different activated carbon materials were prepared, they were thermally treated at 1600 ºC under inert atmosphere. The different samples were characterized by N2 and CO2 adsorption at 77 and 273 K, respectively, XPS, XRD and Raman techniques. The oxidation resistance was also evaluated in a thermogravimetric balance. High temperature treatments of activated carbon without the presence of P surface groups produced an important contraction of the porosity (from 900 to 150 m2 g-1). However, temperature treatments of phosphorus-activated carbon allowed for preparing carbon materials with a relatively high structural order and a well-developed porosity (c.a. 1100 m2 g-1), with a significant contribution of mesoporosity. These results suggest that these P-surface groups are responsible for the low contraction observed for the porous structure, avoiding, in a large extent, its collapse.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. MINECO (CTQ2015-68654-R). MINECO (PTA2015-11464-I)

Estudio de elementos resistentes en la arquitectura mediante el método fotoelástico.

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Modification of the morphology, porosity and surface chemistry of lignin-based electrospun carbon materials

Lignin is a biopolymer that can be found as the main component of plants. It is obtained as a coproduct in the papermaking and biofuel industries. Owing to its high carbon and aromatic content, high availability and reduced cost, it is an excellent precursor for the preparation of highly valued carbon materials. Electrospinning is a suitable top-down technique for the preparation of polymeric fibers using high voltage electrical fields and polymer solutions of proper viscosity and conductivity. Organosolv lignins, which are extracted from lignocellulosic biomass using organic solvents, are soluble in ethanol, obtaining a solution that matches the requirement of the electrospinning process. In this way, it is possible to produce lignin-based porous carbon fibers using a coaxial electrospinning device [1]. This contribution summarizes our findings about the preparation of carbon materials with different morphologies and composition by processing lignin using electrohydrodynamic forces. Lignin spheres, beaded fibers, straight fibers, beaded tubes and straight tubes are obtained by using coaxial and triaxial spinnerets that allows the electrospinning of two or three different solutions at once [1], Fig. 1. Thermal stabilization in air is needed in order to avoid melting of lignin fibers during carbonization. Stabilization times of 48-96 hours are usually required in this step, decreasing the sustainability of the production process. Phosphoric acid can be added in small amounts in the lignin solution, shortening the time for achieve a successful thermostabilization of the fiber [2]. The carbonized materials show narrow microporosity and large surface area values (SBET from 600 to 1000 m2g-1) and additional pore size and volume can be developed by controlled gasification.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER (CTQ-2015-68654-R)