Actividad física, consumo de drogas y conductas riesgo en adolescentes

There is a widespread concern about the low level of physical activity in the adolescent population, which may be associated with the consumption of substances harmful to health or the involvement in other unhealthy actions. The objective of the study was to analyze the association between the practice of physical activity as well as the performance of unhealthy behaviors such as drug use or other risk actions in adolescents. Participants were 1222 students (51.9% female), aged between 12 and 16, from different educational centers in the Region of Murcia. The APAL-Q instrument was used to measure physical activity and health and to assess the consumption of drugs and other problematic behaviors in adolescence, a survey was used based on one prepared by the Government Delegation for the National Drug Plan. The results of the study showed that the main reason why schoolchildren do not practice physical activity is due to lack of time. About 50% of the students practiced sports according to the recommendations of the ACSM. Among students who practiced sports was a lower consumption of tobacco, hashish/marijuana. The consumption of alcohol and other drugs did not show significant differences between sedentary students and those who practiced sports. Similarly, among sedentary people there was a greater involvement in family fights and conflicts. The study raises the need to promote and facilitate the practice of physical activity at all educational levels to prevent the development of harmful behaviors for health.Existe una preocupación generalizada por el bajo nivel de actividad física en la población adolescente, lo que puede asociarse al consumo de sustancias nocivas para la salud o la implicación en otras acciones no saludables. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la asociación entre los hábitos de práctica de actividad física y la implicación en conductas no saludables como el consumo de drogas u otras acciones de riesgo en adolescentes. Los participantes del estudio fueron 1222 estudiantes (51.9% de género femenino), con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 16 años, de diferentes centros educativos de la Región de Murcia. Para medir la Actividad física y la salud se utilizó el instrumento APAL-Q y para evaluar el consumo de drogas y otras conductas problemáticas en la adolescencia se utilizó una encuesta basada en la elaborada por Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas. Los resultados del estudio mostraron que el principal motivo por el cual no practican actividad física los escolares se debe a la falta de tiempo. Cerca del 50% de los estudiantes practicaban deporte según las recomendaciones de la ACSM. Entre el alumnado que practicaba deporte se encontró un menor consumo de tabaco, hachís/marihuana. El consumo de alcohol y de otras drogas no mostró diferencias significativas entre los estudiantes sedentarios y los que practicaban deporte. Del mismo modo, entre los sedentarios se encontró una mayor implicación en peleas y conflictos familiares. El estudio plantea la necesidad de promover y facilitar la práctica de la actividad física en todos los niveles educativos para prevenir el desarrollo de conductas nocivas para la salud

Latent Profiles of Burnout, Self-Esteem and Depressive Symptomatology among Teachers

Burnout is a reality in the teaching profession. Specifically, teaching staff usually have higher burnout rates. The present study aims to analyze the different burnout profiles and to verify if there were differences between burnout profiles in depressive symptomatology and in the self-esteem of the teachers at school. The total number of participants was 210 teachers from 30 to 65 years. The first scale was the Maslach burnout inventory, the second scale was the Self-Rating depression scale and the third scale was the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale . The latent class analysis identified three burnout profiles: the first group with a high level of emotional exhaustion, low personal accomplishment and depersonalization (high burnout); the second group with low emotional exhaustion, low depersonalization and high personal accomplishment (low burnout) and the third group with low depersonalization, low emotional exhaustion and low personal accomplishment (moderate burnout). The results revealed that there were differences in depressive symptomatology (group 1 obtained higher scores than group 2 and group 3) and self-esteem (group 2 obtained higher scores than group 1). The psychological balance and health of teachers depend on preventing the factors that have been associated with this syndrome

Innovación docente en la Universidad en el marco del EEES

Last years have supposed a deep change in the way of conceiving the university teaching, its goals and its structure. It is not easy to adapt in a little time to a change of this importance. In this article, there present the results of an exploratory study on the perception and the attitudes of the teachers to the Convergence to Europe, and in the second place its refers to a project of innovation that has been realized in the Schools of Chemistry and Law of the University of Murcia and that has made possible the adjustment of a group of teachers to the change.Los últimos años han supuesto un profundo cambio en la forma de concebir la docencia universitaria, sus fines y su estructura. No es fácil adaptarse en poco tiempo a un cambio de esta envergadura. En este artículo, se exponen en primer lugar los resultados de un estudio exploratorio sobre la percepción y las actitudes de los docentes ante la convergencia con Europa, y en un segundo lugar se hace referencia a un proyecto de innovación que se ha realizado en las Facultades de Química y Derecho de la Universidad de Murcia y que ha posibilitado la adaptación de un grupo de profesores al cambio

Stress, Coping, and Resilience Before and After COVID-19: A Predictive Model Based on Artificial Intelligence in the University Environment

The COVID-19 global health emergency has greatly impacted the educational field. Faced with unprecedented stress situations, professors, students, and families have employed various coping and resilience strategies throughout the confinement period. High and persistent stress levels are associated with other pathologies; hence, their detection and prevention are needed. Consequently, this study aimed to design a predictive model of stress in the educational field based on artificial intelligence that included certain sociodemographic variables, coping strategies, and resilience capacity, and to study the relationship between them. The non-probabilistic snowball sampling method was used, involving 337 people (73% women) from the university education community in south-eastern Spain. The Perceived Stress Scale, Stress Management Questionnaire, and Brief Resilience Scale were administered. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 24) was used to design the architecture of artificial neural networks. The results found that stress levels could be predicted by the synaptic weights of coping strategies and timing of the epidemic (before and after the implementation of isolation measures), with a predictive capacity of over 80% found in the neural network model. Additionally, direct and significant associations were identified between the use of certain coping strategies, stress levels, and resilience. The conclusions of this research are essential for effective stress detection, and therefore, early intervention in the field of educational psychology, by discussing the influence of resilience or lack thereof on the prediction of stress levels. Identifying the variables that maintain a greater predictive power in stress levels is an effective strategy to design more adjusted prevention programs and to anticipate the needs of the community

Cyberbullying in the University Setting. Relationship With Emotional Problems and Adaptation to the University

Little scientific attention has been paid to the problem of cyberbullying in the university environment, compared to similar studies conducted on adolescents. This study attempts to analyze the predictive capacity of certain emotional problems (anxiety, depression, and stress) and university adaptation with respect to cyberbullying in victims and aggressors. The European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 and the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire were administered to a sample of 1282 university students (46.33% male) aged between 18 and 46. The results suggest that high levels of depression and stress increase the probability of being a cyberbullying victim, while high levels of depression increase the probability of being a cyberbullying aggressor. Similarly, the personal–emotional and social adaptation of students are found to be predictor variables of being a cyberbullying victim, in that high levels of personal–emotional and social adaptation decrease the probability of being a victim, while high levels of personal–emotional, academic and institutional adaptation decrease the probability of being a cyberbullying victim. The results of this study are of special relevance, since they indicate that intervention programs should consider the influence of emotional intelligence, as well as the relevance students’ adaptation to university

Affective Profiles and Anxiety or Non-Anxiety-Related Reasons for School Refusal Behavior: Latent Profile Analysis in Spanish Adolescents

Little has been studied on the relationship between affect and school problems related with attendance. This study aims to identify different affective profiles and to determine whether these profiles differ from each other based on the four functional conditions of school refusal behavior. Participants comprised 1,816 Spanish adolescents aged 15–18 years (M = 16.39; SD = 1.05). The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children-Short Form and the School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised for Children (SRAS-R-C) were administered. Latent profile analysis revealed five affective profiles: low affective profile, self-fulfilling profile, low positive affect profile, self-destructive profile, and high affective profile. The self-destructive profile revealed the highest average scores in the first three factors of the SRAS-R-C, whereas the high affective profile reached the highest average score in the fourth factor. On the contrary, the self-fulfilling profile obtained the lowest average scores in the first two factors of the SRAS-R-C, whereas the low affective profile revealed the lowest average scores in the last two factors. Findings suggest the relevance of developing more adaptative affective profiles, such as the self-fulfilling profile, which would contribute to diminishing school attendance problems.This research was funded by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and Fondos FEDER with grant number RTI2018-098197-B-I00 awarded to José M. García-Fernández and Project GV/2019/075 awarded to CG

Calidad de vida de mayores institucionalizados tras el confinamiento por la COVID-19

La COVID-19 ha afectado de forma significativa a las personas mayores que se encuentran institucionalizadas en centros residenciales. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar si la situación de confinamiento influyó en la percepción de la calidad de vida de los residentes de un centro para personas mayores. Método. En el estudio participaron 12 personas mayores con edades comprendidas entre los 68 y los 93 años de un centro institucionalizado. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Evaluación de Calidad de Vida en Contexto Residencial, una encuesta sociodemográfica, el Mini-Examen Cognoscitivo y escala de deterioro global. Se utilizaron pruebas análisis de frecuencias y porcentajes, así como análisis de medias t de student. Resultados. Se ha obtuvo que las medias de salud eran más altas antes del confinamiento, así como las visitas y el establecimiento de relaciones sociales y familiares. Por el contrario, la satisfacción con la vida fue mayor después de la situación de confinamiento al igual que el nivel de capacidad funcional de los residentes lo que supuso la necesidad de más ayuda por el empeoramiento funcional percibido. Respecto a las actividades y el ocio, así como a la calidad ambiental, no encontraron diferencias de medias significativas. Conclusiones. La situación de la COVID-19 ha puesto de relieve la afectación de la calidad de vida de las personas mayores institucionalizadas en centros residenciales, objetivándose un detrimento de la misma en la situación de confinamiento. Ello muestra la necesidad de realizar intervenciones que mejoren la percepción de calidad de vida, sobre todo en situaciones de emergencia

Bibliometric analysis of academic output in music education in Spain

The aim of this work is to analyse trends in music education research from Spain through bibliometric analysis of the academic output in the Web of Science database, comprising 143 articles published between 2000 and 2015. Several types of variable were analysed: a) structural variables; b) variables relating to the topic being studied; c) variables relating to the sample; and d) variables relating to the research methods and instruments used. The results show increased representation of music education in specialised journals and broad dissemination in journals from related areas. The data indicate that both the number of articles published on music education and their impact are still limited when compared with other related areas. Measures are proposed to achieve a greater impact of the publications on the career development of their authors and to give the discipline a higher profile.Este trabajo tiene por objeto analizar las tendencias de la investigación realizada en España en Educación Musical a través de los 143 artículos publicados entre los años 2000 al 2015, a través de un análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica en la base de datos Web of Science. Se analizaron diferentes tipos de variables: a) estructurales; b) relacionadas con la temática; c) relacionadas con la muestra; y d) relacionadas con los métodos e instrumentos de investigación utilizados. Los resultados muestran un incremento en presencia en las revistas especializadas de Educación Musical y una amplia dispersión en revistas de áreas afines. Nuestros datos indican que tanto el número de artículos publicados en Educación Musical como el impacto de estos siguen siendo escasos si se compara con otras áreas afines. Se proponen medidas para conseguir un mayor impacto de las publicaciones en el desarrollo profesional de los autores y para una mayor visibilidad de la disciplina