Impacto de los déficits neuropsicológicos, bienestar subjetivo, calidad de vida y perspectivas futuras para personas con problemas de adicción. Aproximación antropológica

[ES] Teniendo en cuenta el contexto social y en algunos casos personal en el que vivimos, sumido en un uso y abuso de sustancias y considerando la variedad de drogas y de personas que las consumen, nos planteamos acercarnos a esta realidad no solo de una manera teórica sino física y convivencial. Hemos intentado adentrarnos en las vidas de personas con problemas de adicción y colaborar conjuntamente para combatirlas y poder ser libre e independiente de este tipo de ataduras. Hemos querido valorar los aspectos que favorecen la mejoría en la vida de estas personas, determinar sus características psicosociales y descubrir estrategias de reinserción y reintegración psicosociales. Intentamos transmitir un mensaje de esperanza a aquellas personas próximas a esta realidad: es posible dejar atrás ese mundo de consumo. Para abordar los objetivos, proponemos la Antropología médica aplicada, caracterizada por una aproximación metodológica multitécnica; partimos de descripciones etnográficas precisas y rigurosas (a modo de thick descriptions), que enriquecemos con la información recibida por las personas afectadas por este problema a las que entrevistamos. La idea es alcanzar una comprensión profunda que refleje los principales fenómenos comportamentales y vivenciales tanto personales como sociales asociados a la subcultura de la droga. Emplearemos conjuntamente técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas para intentar plasmar las adicciones desde todos los puntos de vista, y poderlo hacer de la manera más enriquecedora posible. Para ello, tenemos en cuenta los datos que nos aportan los test y cuestionarios aplicados (enfoque cuantitativo) y sobre todo la propia vivencia y testimonio de las personas con adicción y su entorno más cercano (enfoque cualitativo), al que accederemos mediante la observación participante. Nuestro objeto de estudio son las personas con problemas de adicción (enfoque emic); y para conseguir este principio hemos realizado nuestro trabajo de campo dentro de la ONG Proyecto Hombre Salamanca. El enfoque “emic” nos ha permitido conocer a las personas, empatizar con ellas, sentir en la propia piel sus sentimientos, sus problemas, sus virtudes. La convivencia diaria con las personas en tratamiento de rehabilitación, es lo que verdaderamente ha hecho que nos acerquemos tan en profundidad a esta realidad, la de las adicciones

YouTuber videos and the construction of adolescent identity / Los youtubers y la construcción de la identidad adolescente

The main objective of this research is to analyze the content of YouTuber's videos that have the greatest impact on adolescents and their relationship with the construction of identity. The YouTube platform is one of the most commonly used by Spanish teenagers and around 70% of young people between 14 and 17 years of age prefer this network. YouTubers are perceived by young people as their equals, approachable people who share similar traits to their own, which facilitates rapid identification. A qualitative analysis of the content of 22 videos on the YouTube platform was carried out using the Atlas.ti program. The analysis led to several emerging codes related to the construction of adolescent personal identity. Most of the messages relating to personal identity were aimed at transmitting the self-impression of the YouTuber and the relationship of that self-impression with his gender identity, sexual orientation, and vocational identity. Also, family and peers appeared in the videos, especially as providers of social support. Teen followers include messages to support YouTubers, express their identification with the messages and use comment spaces to describe their own experiences, expressing the same concerns in the configuration of their identity. It is necessary to take into account this new space of interrelation to understand the development of young people’s identity

The effect of temperature during culture enrichment on methanotrophic polyhydroxyalkanoate production

Producción CientíficaClimate change and plastic pollution are likely the most relevant environmental problems of the 21st Century. Thus, one of the most promising solutions to remedy both environmental problems simultaneously is the bioconversion of greenhouse gases, such as methane (CH4), into bioplastics (PHAs). However, the optimization of this bioconversion platform is still required to turn CH4 biotransformation into a cost-effective and cost-competitive process. In this context, the research presented here aimed at elucidating the best temperature culture conditions to enhance both PHA accumulation and methane degradation. Six different enrichments were carried out at 25, 30 and 37 °C using different inocula and methane as the only energy and carbon source. CH4 biodegradation rates, specific growth rates, PHA accumulations and the community structure were characterized. Higher temperatures (30 and 37 °C) increased the PHAs accumulation up to 30% regardless of the inoculum. Moreover, Methylocystis became the dominant genus (∼30% of the total population) regardless of the temperature and inoculum used. This research demonstrated for the first time the fundamental role of temperature in increasing both the accumulation of PHAs and methane abatement during the enrichment of PHA cell-factories from methane, thus enhancing the cost-effectiveness of the process.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, TheEuropean FEDER program and the European Commission (CTM2015-73228-JIN, H2020-MSCA-IF-2016: CH4BioVal-GA:750126 and Red NOVEDAR)

YouTuber videos and the construction of adolescent identity / Los youtubers y la construcción de la identidad adolescente

The main objective of this research is to analyze the content of YouTuber's videos that have the greatest impact on adolescents and their relationship with the construction of identity. The YouTube platform is one of the most commonly used by Spanish teenagers and around 70% of young people between 14 and 17 years of age prefer this network. YouTubers are perceived by young people as their equals, approachable people who share similar traits to their own, which facilitates rapid identification. A qualitative analysis of the content of 22 videos on the YouTube platform was carried out using the Atlas.ti program. The analysis led to several emerging codes related to the construction of adolescent personal identity. Most of the messages relating to personal identity were aimed at transmitting the self-impression of the YouTuber and the relationship of that self-impression with his gender identity, sexual orientation, and vocational identity. Also, family and peers appeared in the videos, especially as providers of social support. Teen followers include messages to support YouTubers, express their identification with the messages and use comment spaces to describe their own experiences, expressing the same concerns in the configuration of their identity. It is necessary to take into account this new space of interrelation to understand the development of young people’s identity

Unusual Manifestation of Toscana Virus Infection, Spain

This study was supported in part by project 05/305, Junta de Andalucía, SpainYe

Estrategia territorial para Makeni

"La propuesta se basa en el la creación de un anillo productivo alrededor de Makeni de tal forma que las pequeñas ""aldeas satélites"" estén conectadas entre si, facilitando el desarrollo productivo de las mismas. Esto se materializa en la creación de una carretera que integre a las aldeas, planificando los nuevos crecimientos que surjan. Los territorios más accesibles son los que más desarrollo van a tener, de ahí nuestro interés por controlar este tipo de crecimiento. El proyecto se concibe por fases y utilizando las máximas vías de comunicación existentes, queriendo que se acerque lo máximo posible a la realidad. Primero serán caminos de tierra que poco a poco se irán convirtiendo en carreteras asfaltadas según el desarrollo que las poblaciones. Tanto este desarrollo como el de los nuevos crecimientos serán objeto de proyecto. Este anillo productivo, además de integrar los nuevos crecimientos, incorpora una serie de equipamientos dotaciones de almacenaje y venta, educación, sanitario, ligados a las poblaciones según se vayan desarrollando. De forma que se cree una RED DE DESARROLLO

HERC 1 Ubiquitin Ligase Mutation Affects Neocortical, CA3 Hippocampal and Spinal Cord Projection Neurons: An Ultrastructural Study

The spontaneous mutation tambaleante is caused by the Gly483Glu substitution in the highly conserved N terminal RCC1-like domain of the HERC1 protein, which leads to the increase of mutated protein levels responsible for cerebellar Purkinje cell death by autophagy. Until now, Purkinje cells have been the only central nervous neurons reported as being targeted by the mutation, and their degeneration elicits an ataxic syndrome in adult mutant mice. However, the ultrastructural analysis performed here demonstrates that signs of autophagy, such as autophagosomes, lysosomes, and altered mitochondria, are present in neocortical pyramidal, CA3 hippocampal pyramidal, and spinal cord motor neurons. The main difference is that the reduction in the number of neurons affected in the tarnbaleante mutation in the neocortex, the hippocampus, and the spinal cord is not so evident as the dramatic loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells. Interestingly, signs of autophagy are absent in both interneurons and neuroglia cells. Affected neurons have in common that they are projection neurons which receive strong and varied synaptic inputs, and possess the highest degree of neuronal activity. Therefore, because the integrity of the ubiquitin-proteasome system is essential for protein degradation and hence, for normal protein turnover, it could be hypothesized that the deleterious effects of the misrouting of these pathways would depend directly on the neuronal activity

Segmentation approaches for diabetic foot disorders

Thermography enables non-invasive, accessible, and easily repeated foot temperature measurements for diabetic patients, promoting early detection and regular monitoring protocols, that limit the incidence of disabling conditions associated with diabetic foot disorders. The establishment of this application into standard diabetic care protocols requires to overcome technical issues, particularly the foot sole segmentation. In this work we implemented and evaluated several segmentation approaches which include conventional and Deep Learning methods. Multimodal images, constituted by registered visual-light, infrared and depth images, were acquired for 37 healthy subjects. The segmentation methods explored were based on both visual-light as well as infrared images, and optimization was achieved using the spatial information provided by the depth images. Furthermore, a ground truth was established from the manual segmentation performed by two independent researchers. Overall, the performance level of all the implemented approaches was satisfactory. Although the best performance, in terms of spatial overlap, accuracy, and precision, was found for the Skin and U-Net approaches optimized by the spatial information. However, the robustness of the U-Net approach is preferred.This research was funded by the IACTEC Technological Training program, grant number TF INNOVA 2016–2021. This work was completed while Abián Hernández was beneficiary of a pre-doctoral grant given by the “Agencia Canaria de Investigacion, Innovacion y Sociedad de la Información (ACIISI)” of the “Consejería de Economía, Industria, Comercio y Conocimiento” of the “Gobierno de Canarias”, which is partly financed by the European Social Fund (FSE) (POC 2014–2020, Eje 3 Tema Prioritario 74 (85%))

The HERC proteins and the nervous system

The HERC protein family is one of three subfamilies of Homologous to E6AP C-terminus (HECT) E3 ubiquitin ligases. Six HERC genes have been described in humans, two of which encode Large HERC proteins -HERC1 and HERC2- with molecular weights above 520 kDa that are constitutively expressed in the brain. There is a large body of evidence that mutations in these Large HERC genes produce clinical syndromes in which key neurodevelopmental events are altered, resulting in intellectual disability and other neurological disorders like epileptic seizures, dementia and/or signs of autism. In line with these consequences in humans, two mice carrying mutations in the Large HERC genes have been studied quite intensely: the tambaleante mutant for Herc1 and the Herc2+/530 mutant for Herc2. In both these mutant mice there are clear signs that autophagy is dysregulated, eliciting cerebellar Purkinje cell death and impairing motor control. The tambaleante mouse was the first of these mice to appear and is the best studied, in which the Herc1 mutation elicits: (i) delayed neural transmission in the peripheral nervous system; (ii) impaired learning, memory and motor control; and (iii) altered presynaptic membrane dynamics. In this review, we discuss the information currently available on HERC proteins in the nervous system and their biological activity, the dysregulation of which could explain certain neurodevelopmental syndromes and/or neurodegenerative diseases.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad SAF2015-64171-