237 research outputs found
Automating SLA-Driven API Development with SLA4OAI
The OpenAPI Specification (OAS) is the de facto standard
to describe RESTful APIs from a functional perspective. OAS has been
a success due to its simple model and the wide ecosystem of tools supporting the SLA-Driven API development lifecycle. Unfortunately, the
current OAS scope ignores crucial information for an API such as its
Service Level Agreement (SLA). Therefore, in terms of description and
management of non-functional information, the disadvantages of not having a standard include the vendor lock-in and prevent the ecosystem to
grow and handle extra functional aspects.
In this paper, we present SLA4OAI, pioneering in extending OAS not
only allowing the specification of SLAs, but also supporting some stages
of the SLA-Driven API lifecycle with an open-source ecosystem. Finally,
we validate our proposal having modeled 5488 limitations in 148 plans
of 35 real-world APIs and show an initial interest from the industry with
600 and 1900 downloads and installs of the SLA Instrumentation Library
and the SLA Engine.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2015-70560-RMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades RTI2018-101204-B-C21Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte FPU15/0298
Fostering SLA-Driven API Specifications
Software architecture tendencies are shifting to a microservice paradigm. In this context, RESTful APIs are being established the standard of integration. API designer often identifies two key issues to be competitive in such growing market. On the one hand, the generation of accurate documentation of the behavior and capabilities of the API to promote its usage; on the other hand, the design of a pricing plan that fits into the potential API user’s needs. Besides the increasing number of API modeling alternatives is emerging, there is a lack of proposals on the definition of flexible pricing plans usually contained in the Service Level Agreements (SLAs). In this paper we propose two different modeling techniques for the description of SLA in a RESTful API context: iAgree and SLA4OAI.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2015-70560-RJunta de Andalucía P12-TIC-1867Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2014-53986-RED
BASES PARA UN ESTUDIO SOCIOECONÓMICO DE LAS AGLOMERACIONES PRODUCTIVAS EN EL MUNDO ROMANO. ELEMENTOS PARA UNA APROXIMACIÓN A DICHO FENÓMENO EN EL ALTO GUADALQUIVIR (SIGLOS I-II D.C.)
This paper considers some of the fundamentals on which the analysis of productive phenomena from the Roman times is based, specifically, the production of ceramic vessels (economy,trade, town planning...). Simultaneously, this paper is intended to establish some significant aspects in order to carry out a study of such characteristics in the Upper Guadalquivir, thanks to the case of the suburban pottery site in Los Villares in Andujar (Jaén).Consideramos algunas de las bases sobre las que debe reposar el análisis de los fenómenos productivos en época romana, en concreto el de la producción de vajillas cerámicas (economía,comercio, urbanismo...). Al mismo tiempo pretendemos establecer algunos aspectos significativos para abordar un estudio de estas características en el Alto Guadalquivir, ejemplificado en el caso del complejo alfarero suburbano de Los Villares de Andújar (Jaén)
ELeCTRA: Induced Usage Limitations Calculation in RESTful APIs
As software architecture design is evolving to microservice paradigms, RESTful APIs become the building blocks of applications. In such a scenario, a growing market of APIs is proliferating and developers face the challenges to take advantage of this reality. For example, third-party APIs typically define different usage limitations depending on the purchased Service Level Agreement (SLA) and, consequently, performing a manual analysis of external APIs and their impact in a microservice architecture is a complex and tedious task. In this demonstration paper, we present ELeCTRA, a tool to automate the analysis of induced usage limitations in an API, derived from its usage of external APIs. This tool takes the structural, conversational and SLA specifications of the API, generates a visual dependency graph and translates the problem into a constraint satisfaction optimization problem (CSOP) to obtain the optimal usage limitations.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2015-70560-RJunta de Andalucía P12–TIC–1867Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2014-53986-REDTMinisterio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte FPU15/0298
Governify for APIs: SLA-Driven Ecosystem for API Governance
As software architecture design is evolving to a microservice paradigm, RESTful APIs are being established as the preferred choice to build applications. In such a scenario, there is a shift towards a growing market of APIs where providers offer different service levels with tailored limitations typically based on the cost.
In such a context, while there are well-established standards to describe the functional elements of APIs (such as the OpenAPI Specification), having a standard model for Service Level Agreements (SLAs) for APIs may boost an open ecosystem of tools that would represent an improvement for the industry by automating certain tasks during the development.
In this paper, we introduce Governify for APIs, an ecosystem of tools aimed to support the user during the SLA-Driven RESTful APIs’ development process. Namely, an SLA Editor, an SLA Engine and an SLA Instrumentation Library. We also present a fully operational SLA-Driven API Gateway built on the top of our ecosystem of tools. To evaluate our proposal, we used three sources for gathering validation feedback: industry, teaching and research.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2015- 70560-RMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades RTI2018-101204-B-C21Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte FPU15/0298
Towards SLA modeling for RESTful APIs
The term of API Economy is becoming increasingly used to describe the change of vision in how APIs can add value to the organizations. Furthermore, a greater automation of RESTful APIs management can suppose a competitive advantage for the company. New proposals
are emerging in order to automatize some API governance tasks and increase the ease of use (e.g. generation of code and documentation). Despite that, the non-functional aspects are often addressed in a highly specific manner or even there not exists any solution for an automatic
governance. Nevertheless, these properties are already defined in natural language at the Service Level Agreement (SLA) that both customer and provided have established.
In this paper, we carry out a study on the *aaS industry and analyze the current both API modeling and SLA modeling proposals in order to identify the open challenges for an automatic RESTful API governance.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2015-70560-RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad P12–TIC-1867Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2014-53986-RED
Towards SLA-Driven API Gateways
As APIs are becoming popular to build Service-Based Ap-
plications (SBA), API Gateways are being increasingly used to facilitate
API features management. They o er API management functionalities
such as pricing plans support, user authentication, API versioning or
response caching. Some parts of the information that an API Gateway
needs are already included into a Service Level Agreement (SLA), that
providers use to describe the rights and the obligations of involved par-
ties in the service. Unfortunately, current API Gateways do not use any
SLA representation model nor SLA underlying technology, thereby miss-
ing potential opportunities. In this paper we analyze the state of the art
to justify the current situation and we identify some research challenges
so as to achieve SLA-Driven API Gateways.European CommissionSpanish and the Andalusian R&D&I programs TIN201232273Spanish and the Andalusian R&D&I programs TIC5906Spanish and the Andalusian R&D&I programs P12TIC-1867Spanish and the Andalusian R&D&I programs TIN2014-53986-RED
An Analysis of RESTful APIs Offerings in the Industry
As distribution models of information systems are moving to XaaS paradigms, microservices architectures are rapidly emerging, having the RESTful principles as the API model of choice. In this context, the term of API Economy is being used to describe the increasing movement of the industries in order to take advantage of exposing their APIs as part of their service offering and expand its business model.
Currently, the industry is adopting standard specifications such as OpenAPI to model the APIs in a standard way following the RESTful principles; this shift has supported the proliferation of API execution platforms (API Gateways) that allow the XaaS to optimize their costs. However, from a business point of view, modeling offering plans of those APIs is mainly done ad-hoc (or in a platform-dependent way) since no standard model has been proposed. This lack of standardization hinders the creation of API governance tools in order to provide and automate the management of business models in the XaaS industry.
This work presents a systematic analysis of 69 XaaS in the industry that offer RESTful APIs as part of their business model. Specifically, we review in detail the plans that are part of the XaaS offerings that could be used as a first step to identify the requirements for the creation of an expressive governance model of realistic RESTful APIs. Additionally, we provide an open dataset in order to enable further analysis in this research line.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2015-70560-RJunta de Andalucía P12-TIC-1867Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deportes FPU15/0298
SLA-driven governance for RESTful systems
Sofware distribution models are moving to SaaS paradigms
where customers no longer need to buy a perpetual license. In this con text, SaaS providers leverage the Service Level Agreement (SLA) concept
to delimit the functionality and guarantees to which they commit to their
customers. However, although formal specifications for the definition of
SLAs have been proposed, providers usually have an ad-hoc approach
with a low degree of automation. This approach confirms the fact that
the SaaS industry has not incorporated the idea of an SLA model that
can be implemented within the infrastructure as a decision mechanism.
This instrumentation would be of special interest in RESTful microser vice architectures in providing an automated governance framework for
the service catalog and regulating the behavior of each component in the
context of the agreements reached with each client.
This thesis project is divided in four stages: i) Establishing a sufficiently
expressive specification for the description of RESTful microservices reg ulated by advanced SLAs; ii) Develop a catalog of SLA analysis and
management operations to support the governance of micro-service ar chitectures; iii) Implement a SLAs management ecosystem to support the
government of RESTful microservices; iv) Consolidation of the Governify
platform to validate the proposal in industrial environments.Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte FPU15/02980Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BELI (TIN2015-70560-R)Junta de Andalucia COPAS (P12–TIC-1867)
The use of tubi fittili for vaulting roof in roman Hispania. Bibliographical review and status of the issue
El hallazgo de numerosas piezas cerámicas, conocidas
como tubi fittili, en la villa romana de Salar nos ha permitido
realizar un análisis de los casos conocidos en Hispania
del uso de este tipo de material cerámico en la construcción de
cubiertas abovedadas, poniendo de relieve los errores cometidos
en su identificación, la escasez de casos fehacientes documentados
en Hispania, así como la peculiar concentración
de estas piezas en villas del entorno de la Vega de Granada.The discovery of numerous terracotta vaulting
tubes (tubi fittili) in the Roman villa of Salar has allowed us
to carry out an analysis of the known cases in Spain of the
use of this type of material in the vaulted ceiling, highlighting
the mistakes made in their identification, the scarcity of documented
cases in Hispania, as well as the peculiar concentration
of these pieces in villae around the Vega de Granada.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación HAR2016–75843–
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