Vitrectomía con técnica de viscodisección

ResumenObjetivoEvaluar la ventajas, desventajas, indicaciones y complicaciones del uso de viscodisec-ción en cirugía vítreo retiniana.Material y métodosEstudio retrospectivo de un grupo de pacientes con diversas patologías vi-treorretinianas, los cuales fueron sometidos a vitrectomía con técnica de viscodisección para la separación del tejido anómalo epirretiniano de la retina subyacente, con un seguimiento míni-mo a un año. Se evalúo la agudeza visual, pre y posoperatoria, la dificultad subjetiva de la ciru-gía, presencia de sangrado trans y posoperatorio, retinotomías transquirúrgicas y éxito anató-mico (retina aplicada).ResultadosSe incluyeron 17 pacientes en el estudio, 9 del sexo masculino y 8 del femenino. El rango de edad fluctuó desde los 3 meses hasta los 75 años de edad, con una media de 46.27 años. De acuerdo a la indicación quirúrgica, los diagnósticos preoperatorios fueron retinopatía diabética y hemorragia vítrea en 5 pacientes, retinopatía diabética con desprendimiento trac-cional de la retina en 5 pacientes, vitreorretinopatía proliferativa en 3 pacientes, 2 pacientes con retinopatía del prematuro, un paciente con desgarro gigante postrauma con vitreorretino-patía proliferativa y un paciente con membrana epirretiniana. la mayoría de los pacientes me-joraron o estabilizaron su agudeza visual, sólo un caso en un paciente con glaucoma neovascular empeoró la agudeza visual. Hubo retinotomías en 7 pacientes y hemorragia en 2. Al año, 12 pacientes (70.58%) presentaban la retina aplicada, 2 pacientes (11.76%) con retina aplicada con silicón y 3 pacientes (17.64%) con la retina desprendida.Conclusionesla vitrectomía con técnica de viscodisección en casos de patología vitreorretinia-na compleja es una opción que ofrece buenos resultados anatómicos y visuales a un año, con una tasa de complicaciones similar a lo reportado para otras técnicas.AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate de efficacy, advantages, disadvantages, indications and complications of the use of viscodissection techniques in vitrectomy.Material and methodsRetrospective analysis of a group of patients with vitreo-retinal diseases who underwent vitrectomy with the use of viscodissection to separate epiretinal anomalous tis-sue from the retinal surface with a follow up minimum of one year. Pre and post postoperative visual acuity, surgical complexity by a subjective scale, presence of bleeding during and after surgery, iatrogenic retinal breaks, and anatomical success were evaluated.ResultsSeventeen patients were included in our study, nine were male and eight female. the age ranged from three months to 75 years with a mean of 46.27 years. The preoperative diagno-sis was diabetic retinopathy with vitreous hemorrhage in five patients, diabetic retinopathy with tractional retinal detachment in five patients, proliferative vitreoretinopathy in patients, two patients with retinopathy of prematurity, one patient with a giant tear after blunt trauma with proliferative vitreoretinopathy and one patient with epiretinal membrane. in the majority of patients visual acuity improved or remained stable, just in one case with neovascular glau-coma visual acuity got worse. incidental retinotomies ocurred in seven patients, and hemor-rhage in two. At one year follow-up, 12 patients (70.58%) remained the retina attached, two patients (11.76%) had silicon oil and their retina attached and 3 patients had a retinal detach-ment.ConclusionVitrectomy with viscodissection techniques is a good option for the treatment of complicated cases of vitreoretinal pathology with good anatomical and visual results. the com-plication rate is similar to that reported with other techniques

PELIGRO AVIARIO: CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA VEGETACIÓN Y DETERMINACIÓN DE LAS ESPECIES QUE SON ATRACTIVAS PARA LA FAUNA SILVESTRE EN LAS ÁREAS VERDES DEL AEROPUERTO INTERNACIONAL AUGUSTO C. SANDINO, MANAGUA, NICARAGUA

En la búsqueda de alternativas ecológicas para enfrentar los problemas de malezas en los agroecosistemas, estudiamos viabilidad, contenido de humedad, condiciones requeridas para la germinación (Fase 1), y el efecto de métodos de interrupción de dormancia sobre las semillas de Echinochloa colona (L.) Link (Fase 2) colectadas en la comunidad de Malacatoya, Granada, Nicaragua. La Fase 1, fue un experimento bifactorial en un Diseño Completo al Azar (DCA), con cuatro réplicas. Los factores estudiados fueron: condición de siembra y posición de la semilla. En esta fase se investigó la germinación de semillas precalentadas a 60oC. Los resultados mostraron, aproximadamente un 90% de viabilidad de las semillas, determinada con Trifeniltetrazolium; sin embargo, éstas no germinaron, aunque se encontró un 4% de germinación en semillas precalentadas. Finalmente, se evaluaron ocho métodos para interrumpir la dormancia (Factor A), a dos niveles de temperatura (20oC y 26oC) (Factor B). El control fue colocado en condiciones ambientales sin ningún tratamiento previo. La prueba Duncan para tasa y porcentaje de germinación, señala que los mejores tratamientos para la interrupción de dormancia fueron etanol (0.5 M) más luz roja continua, y luz continua. Esto sugiere que la germinación de esta especie requiere del factor luz, en contraste, es posibleque el uso de cobertura sea una opción a considerar como componente importante en el manejo ecológico de E. colona, que puede tener efectos físicos y químicos, y reducir la germinación de las malezas. Los resultados permiten también postular que para el manejo ecológico de esta arvense es importante controlarla en los primeros dieciséis días después de su emergencia. Palabras clave: malezas, luz, manejo ecológico, dormanci

The evolution of non-small cell lung cancer metastases in TRACERx

Metastatic disease is responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths1. We report the longitudinal evolutionary analysis of 126 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumours from 421 prospectively recruited patients in TRACERx who developed metastatic disease, compared with a control cohort of 144 non-metastatic tumours. In 25% of cases, metastases diverged early, before the last clonal sweep in the primary tumour, and early divergence was enriched for patients who were smokers at the time of initial diagnosis. Simulations suggested that early metastatic divergence more frequently occurred at smaller tumour diameters (less than 8 mm). Single-region primary tumour sampling resulted in 83% of late divergence cases being misclassified as early, highlighting the importance of extensive primary tumour sampling. Polyclonal dissemination, which was associated with extrathoracic disease recurrence, was found in 32% of cases. Primary lymph node disease contributed to metastatic relapse in less than 20% of cases, representing a hallmark of metastatic potential rather than a route to subsequent recurrences/disease progression. Metastasis-seeding subclones exhibited subclonal expansions within primary tumours, probably reflecting positive selection. Our findings highlight the importance of selection in metastatic clone evolution within untreated primary tumours, the distinction between monoclonal versus polyclonal seeding in dictating site of recurrence, the limitations of current radiological screening approaches for early diverging tumours and the need to develop strategies to target metastasis-seeding subclones before relaps

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in ZZ-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s}=13 TeV

Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against a $Z$ boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 $< p_{\textrm{T}} < 100$ GeV and in the pseudorapidity range $2.5 < \eta < 4$. The data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb$^{-1}$. Triple differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb public pages

Study of the B−→Λc+Λˉc−K−B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-} decay

The decay $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. In the $\Lambda_{c}^+ K^{-}$ system, the $\Xi_{c}(2930)^{0}$ state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is resolved into two narrower states, $\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}$ and $\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}$, whose masses and widths are measured to be $$m(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = 2924.5 \pm 0.4 \pm 1.1 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ m(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = 2938.5 \pm 0.9 \pm 2.3 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = \phantom{000}4.8 \pm 0.9 \pm 1.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},\\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = \phantom{00}11.0 \pm 1.9 \pm 7.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},$$ where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a prompt $\Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ sample. Evidence of a new $\Xi_{c}(2880)^{0}$ state is found with a local significance of $3.8\,\sigma$, whose mass and width are measured to be $2881.8 \pm 3.1 \pm 8.5\,\mathrm{MeV}$ and $12.4 \pm 5.3 \pm 5.8 \,\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode $\Xi_{c}(2790)^{0} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ is found with a significance of $3.7\,\sigma$. The relative branching fraction of $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ with respect to the $B^{-} \to D^{+} D^{-} K^{-}$ decay is measured to be $2.36 \pm 0.11 \pm 0.22 \pm 0.25$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb public pages

Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions R(D∗)\mathcal{R}(D^{*}) and R(D0)\mathcal{R}(D^{0})

The ratios of branching fractions $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})\equiv\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})\equiv\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb${ }^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode $\tau^{-}\to\mu^{-}\nu_{\tau}\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$. The measured values are $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})=0.281\pm0.018\pm0.024$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})=0.441\pm0.060\pm0.066$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is $\rho=-0.43$. Results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb public pages

1er. Coloquio de educación para el diseño en la sociedad 5.0

Las memorias del 1er. Coloquio de Educación para el Diseño en la Sociedad 5.0 debenser entendidas como un esfuerzo colectivo de la comunidad de académicos de la División de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño, que pone de manifiesto los retos y oportunidades que enfrenta la educación en diseño en un contexto de cambio acelerado y rompimiento de paradigmas.El evento se realizó el pasado mes de mayo de 2018 y se recibieron más de 50 ponencias por parte de las profesoras y profesores de la División.Las experiencias y/o propuestas innovadoras en cuanto a procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje que presentan los autores en cada uno de sus textos son una invitación a reflexionar sobre nuestra situación actual en la materia, y emprender acciones en la División para continuar brindando una educación de calidad en diseño a nuestras alumnas, alumnos y la sociedad.Adicionalmente, se organizaron tres conferencias magistrales sobre la situación actual de la educación en Diseño y de las Instituciones de Educación Superior, impartidas por el Mtro. Luis Sarale, profesor de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo en Mendoza (Argentina), y Presidente en su momento, de la Red de Carreras de Diseño en Universidades Públicas Latinoamericanas (DISUR), el Dr. Romualdo López Zárate, Rector de la Unidad Azcapotzalco, así como del Mtro. Luis Antonio Rivera Díaz, Jefe de Departamento de Teoría y Procesos del Diseño de la División de la Ciencias de la Comunicación y Diseño, en la Unidad Cuajimalpa de nuestra institución.La publicación de estas memorias son un esfuerzo divisional, organizado desde la Coordinación de Docencia Divisional y la Coordinación de Tecnologías del Aprendizaje, del Conocimiento y la Comunicación, para contribuir a los objetivos planteados en el documento ACCIONES:Agenda CyAD2021, en particular al eje de Innovación Educativa. Es necesario impulsar a todos los niveles de la División espacios de discusión orientados a reflexionar sobre el presente y futuro en la educación del diseñador, que contribuya a mejorar la calidad de la docencia y favorezca al fortalecimiento de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje.Finalmente, extiendo un amplio reconocimiento a todos los miembros de la División que hicieron posible este evento, así como a todos los ponentes y participantes por compartir su conocimiento para que la División sea cada día mejor

The evolution of lung cancer and impact of subclonal selection in TRACERx

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Here we analysed 1,644 tumour regions sampled at surgery or during follow-up from the first 421 patients with non-small cell lung cancer prospectively enrolled into the TRACERx study. This project aims to decipher lung cancer evolution and address the primary study endpoint: determining the relationship between intratumour heterogeneity and clinical outcome. In lung adenocarcinoma, mutations in 22 out of 40 common cancer genes were under significant subclonal selection, including classical tumour initiators such as TP53 and KRAS. We defined evolutionary dependencies between drivers, mutational processes and whole genome doubling (WGD) events. Despite patients having a history of smoking, 8% of lung adenocarcinomas lacked evidence of tobacco-induced mutagenesis. These tumours also had similar detection rates for EGFR mutations and for RET, ROS1, ALK and MET oncogenic isoforms compared with tumours in never-smokers, which suggests that they have a similar aetiology and pathogenesis. Large subclonal expansions were associated with positive subclonal selection. Patients with tumours harbouring recent subclonal expansions, on the terminus of a phylogenetic branch, had significantly shorter disease-free survival. Subclonal WGD was detected in 19% of tumours, and 10% of tumours harboured multiple subclonal WGDs in parallel. Subclonal, but not truncal, WGD was associated with shorter disease-free survival. Copy number heterogeneity was associated with extrathoracic relapse within 1 year after surgery. These data demonstrate the importance of clonal expansion, WGD and copy number instability in determining the timing and patterns of relapse in non-small cell lung cancer and provide a comprehensive clinical cancer evolutionary data resource