Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Program

Pediatric primary care focuses on maintaining patients’ health, preventing diseases, and assessing children’s developmental milestones. Vaccine administration and disease prevention are key components of a well-child exam for pediatric patients; however, vaccine refusal is an important complication of pediatric patient care. Of particular interest to this researcher is the HPV vaccine which was approved by the Federal Drug Administration and is currently recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016) for both males and females, beginning at 11 or 12 years of age through age 26 years. The HPV vaccine protects against diseases and cancers caused by the HPV virus; thus, it is important that primary caregivers of pediatric patients be informed about the benefits of this vaccine to ensure that more caregivers give their consent to administer the vaccine. This Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project was designed to evaluate parental refusal for the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine via in-person interviews, vaccine teaching sessions, and a subsequent evaluation of the effect of these sessions on parental consent to the HPV vaccine. This project took place in a rural pediatric health clinic, and a total of 12 parents completed the one-month follow-up phone assessments. The results of this study noted a positive impact of the vaccine teaching sessions on the parental decision to consent to the HPV vaccine in the clinic, revealing that seven parents (58%) changed their decision from refusing the HPV vaccine to consenting to its administration

La ciencia de la política en Marx

1 archivo PDF (43 páginas)Aborda los siguientes problemas presentes en la obra científica de Carlos Marx: la autonomía de la teoría, la autonomía de la superestructura y la autonomía de los científicos. Se señala a lo largo de esta disertación, la crítica de Marx a la influencia del positivismo sobre el socialismo y sobre la epistemología en general. La categoría clave en este análisis es la de "política", considerada en su sentido histórico. Los dos últimos elementos constituyen la aportación epistemológica de Marx

Analysis of duplication in the Spanish durum wheat collection maintained in the CRF-INIA on the basis of agro-morphological traits and gliadin proteins

A total of 106 potential duplicate cases involved 277 accessions were detected on the basis of passport data in the durum wheat collection maintained in the CRF-INIA. Similarity between accessions was measured by agro-morphological traits. The 90% of the agro-morphological duplication were verified with gliadin proteins, allowing identification of similar material with greater refinement than agro-morphological data. However, the results indicated not to decide for rationalisation only on the basis of molecular data

Bacteria and the evolution of honest signals. The case of ornamental throat feathers in spotless starlings

1. Mechanisms guaranteeing reliability of messages are essential in understanding the underlying information and evolution of signals. Micro-organisms may degrade signalling traits and therefore influence the transmitted information and evolution of these characters. The role of micro-organisms in animal signalling has, however, rarely been investigated. 2. Here, we explore a possible role for feather-degrading bacteria driving the design of ornamental throat feathers in male spotless starlings (Sturnus unicolor). We estimated length, bacterial load, degradation status and susceptibility to degradation by keratinolytic bacteria in those feathers, compared with non-ornamental adjacent feathers in males, as well as to throat feathers in females. In addition, the volume of the uropygial gland and its secretion was measured and the secretion extracted. We also experimentally evaluated the capacity of each secretion to inhibit growth of a keratinolytic bacterium. 3. The apical part of male ornamental throat feathers harboured more bacteria and degraded more quickly than the basal part; these patterns were not detected in female throat feathers or in non-ornamental male feathers. Moreover, degradation status of male and female throat feathers did not differ, but was positively associated with feather bacterial density. Finally, the size of the uropygial gland in both males and females predicted volume and the inhibitory capacity of secretion against feather-degrading bacteria. Only in males was uropygial gland size negatively associated with the level of feather degradation. 4. All results indicate differential susceptibility of different parts of throat feathers to keratinolytic bacterial attack, which supports the possibility that throat feathers in starlings reflect individual ability to combat feather-degrading bacteria honestly. This is further supported by the relationship detected between antimicrobial properties of uropygial secretion and the level of feather degradation. 5. Our results suggest that selection pressures exerted by feather-degrading bacteria on hosts may promote evolution of particular morphologies of secondary sexual traits with different susceptibility to bacterial degradation that reliably inform of their bacterial load. Those results will help to understand the evolution of ornamental signals.This work was financed by Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci on, European funds (FEDER) (CGL2010-19233-C03-01, CGL2013-48193-C3-1-P). MRR and DMG received a postdoc from the program “JAE-Doc”, GT from the “Juan de la Cierva”, and CRC had a predoctoral fellowship, all from the Spanish Government.Peer reviewe

Temporal trends in the diversity of durum wheat varieties grown in Spain based on gliadin alleles

Gliadin alleles are inherited co-dominantly, they have revealed large levels of inter-varietal polymorphism and identification of a genotype is possible immediately by the electrophoretic protein phenotype. The gliadin loci control the synthesis of a group of proteins named as blocks of gliadins. The main Gli loci are located on the chromosomes of the first (Gli-1) and sixth (Gli-2) homoeologous groups. Alleles at each locus differin number and electrophoretic mobility of encoded gliadins. This ensures a great diversity of the A-PAGE patterns and, therefore, provides a great possibility to distinguish a high number of wheat genotypes and to describe them in terms of gliadin allele composition (Fig.1). Comparative analysis of gliadin markers indifferent groups of wheats (old and new varieties, several samples of a cultivar…) may reveal genetic erosion, different types of selection and loss of genetic identity

Diversity and Genetic structure of the Spanish collection of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L) landraces

The objectives of this study were to assess diversity and genetic structure of a collection of Spanish durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L) landraces, using SSRs, DArTs and gliadin-markers, and to correlate the distribution of diversity with geographic and climatic features, as well as agro-morphological traits. A high level of diversity was detected in the genotypes analyzed, which were separated into nine populations with a moderate to great genetic divergence among them. The three subspecies taxa, dicoccon, turgidum and durum, present in the collection, largely determined the clustering of the populations. Genotype variation was lower in dicoccon (one major population) and turgidum (two major populations) than in durum (five major populations). Genetic differentiation by the agro-ecological zone of origin was greater in dicoccon and turgidum than in durum. DArT markers revealed two geographic substructures, east-west for dicoccon and northeast-southwest for turgidum. The ssp. durum had a more complex structure, consisting of seven populations with high intra-population variation. DArT markers allowed the detection of subgroups within some populations, with agro-morphological and gliadin differences, and distinct agro-ecological zones of origin. Two different phylogenetic groups were detected; revealing that some durum populations were more related to ssp. turgidum from northern Spain, while others seem to be more related to durum wheats from North Afric

Latest Developments in Industrial Hybrid Machine Tools that Combine Additive and Subtractive Operations

Hybrid machine tools combining additive and subtractive processes have arisen as a solution to increasing manufacture requirements, boosting the potentials of both technologies, while compensating and minimizing their limitations. Nevertheless, the idea of hybrid machines is relatively new and there is a notable lack of knowledge about the implications arisen from their in-practice use. Therefore, the main goal of the present paper is to fill the existing gap, giving an insight into the current advancements and pending tasks of hybrid machines both from an academic and industrial perspective. To that end, the technical-economical potentials and challenges emerging from their use are identified and critically discussed. In addition, the current situation and future perspectives of hybrid machines from the point of view of process planning, monitoring, and inspection are analyzed. On the one hand, it is found that hybrid machines enable a more efficient use of the resources available, as well as the production of previously unattainable complex parts. On the other hand, it is concluded that there are still some technological challenges derived from the interaction of additive and subtractive processes to be overcome (e.g., process planning, decision planning, use of cutting fluids, and need for a post-processing) before a full implantation of hybrid machines is fulfilledSpecial thanks are addressed to the Industry and Competitiveness Spanish Ministry for the support on the DPI2016-79889-R INTEGRADDI project and to the PARADDISE project H2020-IND-CE-2016-17/H2020-FOF-2016 of the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program

Nest Material Shapes Eggs Bacterial Environment

Selective pressures imposed by pathogenic microorganisms to embryos have selected in hosts for a battery of antimicrobial lines of defenses that includes physical and chemical barriers. Due to the antimicrobial properties of volatile compounds of green plants and of chemicals of feather degrading bacteria, the use of aromatic plants and feathers for nest building has been suggested as one of these barriers. However, experimental evidence suggesting such effects is scarce in the literature. During two consecutive years, we explored experimentally the effects of these nest materials on loads of different groups of bacteria (mesophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus and Enterococcus) of eggshells in nests of spotless starlings (Sturnus unicolor) at the beginning and at the end of the incubation period. This was also explored in artificial nests without incubation activity. We also experimentally increased bacterial density of eggs in natural and artificial nests and explored the effects of nest lining treatments on eggshell bacterial load. Support for the hypothetical antimicrobial function of nest materials was mainly detected for the year and location with larger average values of eggshell bacterial density. The beneficial effects of feathers and plants were more easily detected in artificial nests with no incubation activity, suggesting an active role of incubation against bacterial colonization of eggshells. Pigmented and unpigmented feathers reduced eggshell bacterial load in starling nests and artificial nest boxes. Results from artificial nests allowed us to discuss and discard alternative scenarios explaining the detected association, particularly those related to the possible sexual role of feathers and aromatic plants in starling nests. All these results considered together confirm the antimicrobial functionality mainly of feathers but also of plants used as nest materials, and highlight the importance of temporally and geographically environmental variation associated with risk of bacterial proliferation determining the strength of such effects. Because of costs associated to nest building, birds should adjust nest building effort to expected bacterial environments during incubation, a prediction that should be further explored.This work was financed by Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, European funds (FEDER) (CGL2010-19233-C03-01, CGL2010-19233-C03-03, CGL2013-48193-C3-1-P, CGL2013-48193-C3-3-P). MRR and DMG received a postdoc from the programmes “JAE-Doc” and CRC had a predoctoral grant from the Spanish Government. GT was supported by Juan de la Cierva programme (Spain) and by Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación del Ecuador (SENESCYT) through a Prometeo research grant.Peer reviewe

10B4C Multi-Grid as an alternative to 3He for Large Area Neutron Detectors

Despite its present shortage, 3He continues to be the most common neutron converter for detectors in neutron scattering science. However, it is obvious that the development of large area neutron detectors based on alternative neutron converters is rapidly becoming a matter of urgency. In the technique presented, grids each comprising 30 10B4C layers (each 1 µm thick) are used to convert neutrons into ionising particles which are subsequently detected in proportional gas counters. Several prototypes, the largest with a total active area of 8 cm x 200 cm, were tested. Up to 4.6 m2 of 10B-enriched boron carbide were coated onto aluminium blades using a DC magnetron sputtering machine. Characterisation of the prototype showed neutron efficiency to be n = 53.04% for 2.5 A neutrons, which is in line with expectations from MC simulation. Gamma-sensitivity = 5 · 10-5 was measured for a broad range of energies. Long term stability measurements were also performed. These results demonstrate the potential of this technique as alternative to 3He-based position sensitive detectors