Stickstoffflüsse in verschiedenen Fruchtfolgen des ökologischen Landbaus – Ergebnisse aus dem CONBALE-Projekt Lindhof

Problemstellung/Ziele: Stickstoff (N) stellt bei ökologischer Bewirtschaftung von viehlosen Betrieben den ertragsbegrenzenden Faktor dar. Der N-Versorgungsgrad eines Betriebes wird im wesentlichen durch den Leguminosenanteil in der Fruchtfolge bestimmt. Hierbei beeinflusst vor allem die Nutzung der Leguminosen (als Gründüngung, Silagegewinnung, Körnerleguminose oder Zwischenfrucht) den N-Input. Die Optimierung der N2-Fixierungsleistung der Leguminosen und ein möglichst geschlossener N-Kreislauf im Betrieb bilden die Grundlage des N-Managements. N-Verluste in Form von Nitratauswaschung führen neben dem Verlust des wichtigsten Produktionsfaktors (Stickstoff)auch zu einer Belastung des Grundwassers bzw. anderer Ökosysteme. Ziel dieses Projektes ist daher die Quantifizierung der wesentlichen N-Flüsse eines ökologisch wirtschaftenden Betriebes wie N-Fixierung, N-Exporte, Wirtschaftsdüngereinsatz und N-Auswaschung sowohl auf Einzelschlag- wie auch auf Betriebsniveau, um daraus möglichst N-effiziente Fruchtfolgesysteme bzw. Bewirtschaftungsmaßnahmen abzuleiten

Transient study using LoTSS -- framework development and preliminary results

We present a search for transient radio sources on time-scales of seconds to hours at 144 MHz using the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS). This search is conducted by examining short time-scale images derived from the LoTSS data. To allow imaging of LoTSS on short time-scales, a novel imaging and filtering strategy is introduced. This includes sky model source subtraction, no cleaning or primary beam correction, a simple source finder, fast filtering schemes and source catalogue matching. This new strategy is first tested by injecting simulated transients, with a range of flux densities and durations, into the data. We find the limiting sensitivity to be 113 and 6 mJy for 8 second and 1 hour transients respectively. The new imaging and filtering strategies are applied to 58 fields of the LoTSS survey, corresponding to LoTSS-DR1 (2% of the survey). One transient source is identified in the 8 second and 2 minute snapshot images. The source shows one minute duration flare in the 8 hour observation. Our method puts the most sensitive constraints on/estimates of the transient surface density at low frequencies at time-scales of seconds to hours; $<4.0\cdot 10^{-4} \; \text{deg}^{-2}$ at 1 hour at a sensitivity of 6.3 mJy; $5.7\cdot 10^{-7} \; \text{deg}^{-2}$ at 2 minutes at a sensitivity of 30 mJy; and $3.6\cdot 10^{-8} \; \text{deg}^{-2}$ at 8 seconds at a sensitivity of 113 mJy. In the future, we plan to apply the strategies presented in this paper to all LoTSS data.Comment: submitted to MNRA

Digital phenotyping and the COVID-19 pandemic:Capturing behavioral change in patients with psychiatric disorders

Contains fulltext : 227418.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented societal changes limiting us in our mobility and our ability to connect with others in person. These unusual but widespread changes provide a unique opportunity for studies using digital phenotyping tools. Digital phenotyping tools, such as mobile passive monitoring platforms (MPM), provide a new perspective on human behavior and hold promise to improve human behavioral research. However, there is currently little evidence that these tools can reliably detect changes in behavior. Considering the Considering the COVID-19 pandemic as a high impact common environmental factor we studied potential impact on behavior of participants using our mobile passive monitoring platform BEHAPP that was ambulatory tracking them during the COVID-19 pandemic. We pooled data from three MPM studies involving Schizophrenia (SZ), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Disorder (BD) patients (N = 12). We compared the data collected on weekdays during three weeks prior and three weeks subsequent to the start of the quarantine. We hypothesized an increase in communication and a decrease in mobility. We observed a significant increase in the total time spent on communication applications (median 179 and 243 min per week respectively, p = 0.005), and a significant decrease in the number of unique places visited (median 6 and 3 visits per week respectively, p = 0.007), while the total time spent at home did not change significantly (median 64 and 77 h per week, respectively, p = 0.594). The data provides a proof of principle that digital phenotyping tools can identify changes in human behavior incited by a common external environmental factor.6 p

Negotiating complex issues with little fervour? Why peace processes in territorial conflicts tend to produce incomplete outcomes

There is widespread consensus in peace research that territorial conflicts are more enduring and difficult to settle than non-territorial conflicts. However, theoretical explanations for this relationship vary. We apply a new conceptual framework to integrate existing explanations into a broader theory. We highlight how earlier work suggests alternative mechanisms: Either actors in territorial intra-state conflicts are less willing to compromise at the negotiation table, or the most relevant negotiation topics on the table in territorial conflicts are particularly difficult. This theoretical argument directly translates into a statistical model, enabling us to measure and compare the latent compromise propensity and the relative difficulty of negotiation topics in territorial versus non-territorial conflicts. In a preregistered analysis, we find that comprehensive peace agreements are less likely in territorial civil wars because topics primarily relevant in territorial conflicts are particularly difficult. Further analyses show that territorial conflicts also have a lower overall compromise propensity than government conflicts, but background conditions account for this association

Auth/Aut/Sig, IDM, LDAP und Shibboleth : Ein KIM-Projekt

Wer aufgrund des Titels meint, es handle sich hier um einen Artikel über ein in KIM betriebenes Krypto- oder Dechiffrierungsprojekt liegt falsch. Vielmehr verbergen sich dahinter Technologien und Prozesse, die für die Universität von großer Bedeutung sind. Um was es geht, soll im Folgenden erklärt werden. Um es vorweg zu nehmen: Es handelt sich - ganz verallgemeinernd gesagt - um die Beantwortung der Frage, wer im Netz was darf

Efficacy and acceptability of next step treatment strategies in adults with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder:protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis

INTRODUCTION: For major depression, a one-size-fits-all treatment does not exist. Patients enter a 'trial-and-change' algorithm in which effective therapies are subsequently applied. Unfortunately, an empirically based order of treatments has not yet been determined. There is a magnitude of different treatment strategies while clinical trials only compare a small number of these. Network meta-analyses (NMA) might offer a solution, but so far have been limited in scope and did not account for possible differences in population characteristics that arise with increasing levels of treatment-resistance, potentially violating the transitivity assumption. We; therefore, present a protocol for a systematic review and NMA aiming at summarising and ranking treatments for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) while covering a broad range of therapeutic options and accounting for possible differences in population characteristics at increasing levels of treatment-resistance. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Randomised controlled trials will be included that compared next-step pharmacological, neuromodulation or psychological treatments for treatment-resistant depression (TRD; ie, failure to respond to ≥1 adequate antidepressant drug trial(s) in the current episode) to each other or to a control condition. Primary outcomes will be the proportion of patients who responded to (efficacy) and dropped out of (acceptability) the allocated treatment. A random effects NMA will be conducted, synthesising the evidence for each outcome and determining the differential efficacy of treatments. Heterogeneity in treatment nodes will be reduced by considering alternative geometries of the network structure and by conducting a meta-regression examining different levels of TRD. Local and global methods will be applied to evaluate consistency. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool, Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework will be used to assess risk of bias and certainty. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This review does not require ethical approval