Methods for the Comparison of Timing Behavior Applied to the Pink Salmon Fisheries of Prince William Sound, Alaska

Harvest control in salmonid fisheries was examined as a problem in the formulation of regulations which restrict time and area of fishing. An ability to rigorously define and compare the form of the progression of migration across time and between harvest areas was judged fundamental to objective harvest decisions. Identification and evaluation of statistical methods appropriate to the comparison of empirical migratory time densities was performed. The development of the measure of central tendency (mean date) of the time density as the consistent, unbiased estimator of migratory behavior was given. Practical evidence demonstrated that the mean date was highly resistant to factors which contribute variability to the basic expression of migratory behavior. Brood year cycle and locality were treated as fixed effects in statistical analyses applied to the timing statistics of catch and spawning escapement. Fixed effects analysis of variance models were examined to analyze differences in mean dates of migration. Multiple comparison analysis, Scheffe\u27s a priori method, correlation, and multiple regression analyses were employed to objectively define the performance of the fishery and the escapement in time and space. Highly significant differences were shown to exist between timings of odd and even populations. For each cycle year for both catch and escapement the management districts were shown to be highly distinct with respect to timing behavior. Linear combinations of districts also demonstrated distinctive timing behavior. In all cases, the subset of districts explained a large percentage of total sound-wide variation in the mean dates of migration for both cycle years and data categories. Migratory timing as a quantitative description of migratory behavior was rigorously compared across years and harvest areas. Results of the analysis of even and odd cycles were consistent with the genetic distinctness between these two populations, and with the hypothesis of the genetic heritability of migratory timing. Several statistical models were shown to be extremely robust for determining differences in migratory behavior when the measures of central tendency of the time densities were employed as modeled variables. It was concluded that this system of analysis will serve as a design standard for the comparison of migratory behavior and will be applicable to the needs of harvest control for any migratory organism

Electricity Storage for Intermittent Renewable Sources

With sufficient electricity storage capacity, any power production profile may be mapped onto any desired supply profile. We present a framework to determine the required storage power as a function of time for any power production profile, supply profile, and targeted system efficiency, given the loss characteristics of the storage system. We apply the framework to the electrochemical storage of intermittent renewable power, employing a simplifying linear response approximation that permits the entire efficiency behavior of the system to be described by a single scalar figure of merit—the discharge power capacity. We consider three exemplary grid supply scenarios: constant, grid-minus-baseload, and square wave; and two different production scenarios: wind with a capacity factor 32.5%, and solar photovoltaic (PV) with a capacity factor of 14%. For each of these six combinations of scenarios, the storage energy and discharge power capacity requirements are found for a range of system efficiencies. Significantly diminishing efficiency returns are found on increasing the discharge power capacity. Solid-electrode batteries are shown to have two orders of magnitude too little energy to power ratio to be well suited to the storage of intermittent renewable power.Engineering and Applied Science

Organization of the respiratory supercomplexes in cells with defective complex III: Structural features and metabolic consequences

The mitochondrial respiratory chain encompasses four oligomeric enzymatic complexes (complex I, II, III and IV) which, together with the redox carrier ubiquinone and cytochrome c, catalyze electron transport coupled to proton extrusion from the inner membrane. The protonmotive force is utilized by complex V for ATP synthesis in the process of oxidative phosphorylation. Respiratory complexes are known to coexist in the membrane as single functional entities and as supramolecular aggregates or supercomplexes (SCs). Understanding the assembly features of SCs has relevant biomedical implications because defects in a single protein can derange the overall SC organization and compromise the energetic function, causing severe mitochondrial disorders. Here we describe in detail the main types of SCs, all characterized by the presence of complex III. We show that the genetic alterations that hinder the assembly of Complex III, not just the activity, cause a rearrangement of the architecture of the SC that can help to preserve a minimal energetic function. Finally, the major metabolic disturbances associated with severe SCs perturbation due to defective complex III are discussed along with interventions that may circumvent these deficiencies

Revalidation of Chusquea argentina (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae) on the basis of morphological, anatomical and phenological characters

Chusquea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae) is the most diverse genus of woody bamboos in the world. In Andean Patagonian forests of southern Argentina and Chile, several species of Chusquea are the dominant components of the understory. Chusquea argentina and C. culeou fo. longiramea were described from that area on the basis of morphological characters. Some authors have considered C. argentina to be a valid species and others have treated this and C. culeou fo. longiramea as synonyms of C. culeou. This study contributes to the delimitation of these taxa. Based on morphology and anatomy, we clarify differential characters between C. culeou and C. argentina and restore the latter as a valid species. Chusquea culeou fo. longiramea is synonymized under C. argentina. According to data of mass flowering events recorded in southern Argentina and Chile, C. culeou and C. argentina become reproductive at different times. Anatomical descriptions of culm and foliage leaf blade epidermis and cross sections are provided for each species. Comparative tables based on diagnostic characters are also included.Chusquea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae) es el género de bambúes leñosos más diverso del mundo. En los bosques andino-patagónicos de la Argentina y Chile, varias especies de Chusquea son el componente dominante del sotobosque. Chusquea argentina y C. culeou fo. longiramea fueron descritas para ese área sobre la base de caracteres morfológicos. Algunos autores han considerado a C. argentina como una especie válida y otros la han tratado junto con C. culeou fo. longiramea como sinónimo de C. culeou. Este estudio contribuye a la delimitación de estos taxones. Considerando aspectos morfológicos y anatómicos, se dan a conocer caracteres diferenciales de C. culeou y C. argentina y se restablece esta última como especie válida. Chusquea culeou fo. longiramea se considera sinónimo de C. argentina. Según información de eventos de floración masiva registrados en el sur de la Argentina y Chile, C. culeou y C. argentina florecieron en distintos momentos. Se proporciona una descripción anatómica de la caña y la lámina foliar a nivel de epidermis y sección transversal para cada especie. Se incluyen tablas comparativas basadas en caracteres diagnósticos.Fil: Guerreiro, Carolina Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; ArgentinaFil: Rugolo, Zulma Esther. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; Argentin

Ensayos de crecimiento y actividad enzimática de cepas de gírgolas (Pleurotus ostreatus) de Patagonia

En el presente estudio se realizaron ensayos de crecimiento in vitro de cepas autóctonas del hongo comestible Pleurotus ostreatus en placas a diferentes temperaturas, y ensayos cualitativos de la enzima ligninolítica lacasa, usando DMP como sustrato, con el objetivo de relevar, caracterizar y seleccionarlas para desarrollar posteriormente su cultivo en laboratorio sobre virutas y aserrines de Pinus sp. Se evaluaron 10 cepas provenientes de bosques de Araucaria araucana en el norte de Patagonia. Las mayores tasas decrecimiento se obtuvieron a 23 °C en todas las cepas ensayadas, la n° MR12517 resultó la más veloz, con una tasa de 0,766 cm/día. A partir del día 4 se detectó la presencia de la enzima lacasa por formación del halo amarillo en todas las cepas de estudio.Fil: Rugolo, Maximiliano. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lechner, Bernardo Ernesto. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rajchenberg, Mario. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

The Stable Connection to the Metropolitan Area of the Strait of Messina

The contemporary model of the city is linked to the dynamics of information flows and economic and cultural influences. Consequently, the traditional administrative organization has proved inadequate favoring the definition of a new model of governance of urban areas, able to administer the complexity. This characteristic is typical of the metropolitan city, which requires a new institutional framework is equipped with tools and infrastructure suitable to govern the phenomena of mobility, economic development and transformations in the regime of synergistic and integrated.The metropolitan system the Strait of Messina need for a stable connection that ensures the conurbation of the two sides

LA VALUTAZIONE APPLICATA ALLA PIANIFICAZIONE DI EMERGENZA. UN MODELLO INNOVATIVO PER IL PIANO DI EMERGENZA COMUNALE

The fragility of the Italian territory, due both to the particular morphological conformation of the emerged lands and to their relatively young geological structure, to an unfortunate governance system that has been implemented in the last forty years which has encouraged soil consumption while reducing the resources for maintenance, contributes greatly to making devastating the effects of natural phenomena on the ground. The ordinary management of the territory and the securing of security are today two fundamental themes of the political debate, since they can significantly influence not only the protection of human life but also the reduction of public spending. The problem of emergency planning can therefore assume a preponderant position compared to that of the traditional urban plan. If the priority need today is to guarantee citizens a safe territory, then even the urban transformations can be directly influenced by it or even subordinated. It is therefore necessary to introduce a new approach to the old land management model, in which the discipline of economic and strategic evaluation must be given priority, capable of efficiently and effectively distributing the resources destined to mitigate the vulnerability conditions of the territory

GLI IMPATTI GENERATI SUL TERRIORIO DALLA RIPROGETTAZIONE DI INFRASTRUTTURE VIARIE. IL CASO DEL VECCHIO SVINCOLO DI BAGNARA CALABRA

The great works of other more deeply mark the fate of a territory are certainly transport infrastructure (broad lines of road and rail links, ports, airports, intermodal nodes), from whom some, relatively quickly, important economic the entire production and com- mercial apparatus located in the industrial and urban areas. The assessment of the effects of transport infrastructure is a key element of regional planning and, in particular, the planning of new infrastructure. However, it is important not to underestimate the assessment culture even in the case of renovation of existing works. Very often, both the accurate detection of the context data and the verification of impacts that can be generated by the interventions, is neglected.DOI: http://dx.medra.org/10.19254/LaborEst.11.1