112 research outputs found
Public survey instruments for business administration using social network analysis and big data
Purpose: The subject matter of this research is closely intertwined with the scientific discussion about the necessity of developing and implementing practice-oriented means of measuring social well-being taking into account the intensity of contacts between individuals. The aim of the research is to test the toolkit for analyzing social networks and to develop a research algorithm to identify sources of consolidation of public opinion and key agents of influence. The research methodology is based on postulates of sociology, graph theory, social network analysis and cluster analysis. Design/Methodology/Approach: The basis for the empirical research was provided by the data representing the reflection of social media users on the existing image of Russia and its activities in the Arctic, chosen as a model case. Findings: The algorithm allows to estimate the density and intensity of connections between actors, to trace the main channels of formation of public opinion and key agents of influence, to identify implicit patterns and trends, to relate information flows and events with current information causes and news stories for the subsequent formation of a "cleansed" image of the object under study and the key actors with whom this object is associated. Practical Implications: The work contributes to filling the existing gap in the scientific literature, caused by insufficient elaboration of the issues of applying the social network analysis to solve sociological problems. Originality/Value: The work contributes to filling the existing gap in the scientific literature formed as a result of insufficient development of practical issues of using analysis of social networks to solve sociological problems.peer-reviewe
E-learning as a modern resource of education
E-learning is becoming increasingly popular today. It is being widely implemented not only in educational institutions but in business and industrial enterprises demanding the fastest and the cheapest means of information exchange and communication. This article is dedicated to eliciting of the background factors of successful implementation and favourable environment to develop e-learning programs. It analyses the e-learning teaching process and methods practiced in several countries, including Russia, and empathizes the major issues and problems the national systems of education have had to face recentl
Features of microbiological diagnosis and choice of selective antibiotic therapy in patients with acute cholecystitis
The objective: to improve the results of destructive forms of acute cholecystitis (AC) surgery by the development of antibiotic therapy algorithm and taking into account the severity of the disease according to Tokyo guidelines (2013). Materials and methods: 266 patients having been operated on for AC made up a treatment group and 203 patients - the control one. In 234 treatment group patients microfloraβs bacteriological study was carried out and its selective sensitivity to antibiotics was determined. Results and discussion. The AC treatment group patients (n=266) were arranged according to Tokyo guidelines (2013) into 3 grades. Mild course (grade I) consisted of 29 patients (11%), microbiological studies were not conducted. Antibiotic prophylaxis with beta-lactam antibiotics was used. At moderately severe AC (grade II, n = 200, 75%) escalation antibiotic therapy was carried out. At severe disease (grade III, n = 37, 14%) de-escalation antibiotic therapy was performed. Bacteriological studies were conducted in 237 patients with destructive forms of AC, at that 531 microflora isolates were cultured. Intestinal group microorganisms were the most frequently cultured. Beta-lactam antibioticsβ sensitivity was prevailing and constituted 83.3%. The number of suppurations in the treatment group decreased from 9.8% to 4.3%, and mortality rate decreased from 1.48% to 0.75% (
Government Social Responsibility: Its Essense And Forms
The paper presents a socio-philosophical analysis of government social responsibility of the authorities. It contains the explication of this phenomenon from the position of the system approach: the structure of the responsibility of power as a system is disclosed, its elements are described. The social responsibility of power is presented as a construct that presents certain powerful messages, influences the evaluation of political reality by the object of power. A level model of social responsibility is presented in terms of the degree of activity of the subject of power. The criteria for the social responsibility of the authorities within the framework of the power process are presented. The subject of this study is the social responsibility of the authorities as an open system. The work contains an analysis of the mechanisms for realization the construct of social responsibility of the authorities from the standpoint of achieving national interests. The purpose of this work is to explicate the social responsibility of the authorities, to investigate the mechanisms for implementing the construct of responsibility. There is an attempt to determine the content of government social responsibility in different political environments
Evaluation of the influence of Inosine pranobex on the matrix protein system in patients with chronic viral cervicitis
The reproductive potential of both women and men is declining every year. Many factors contribute to the violation of the reproductive function β chemical, physical, mechanical, psychogenic, however, biological factors have the most pronounced effect on reproduction. Chronic viral cervicitis can be not only the cause of infertility and reproductive losses, but also the development of intraepithelial dysplasia, as well as cervical cancer. PVI, as a monoinfection, is quite rare along with HPV. Other UGIs (urogenital infections) act as common routes of transmission and entry gates. The most common association with PVI is herpesvirus infection. An increase in MMP, both systemically and at the local level, may indicate a violation of cell modeling processes, which contributes to the development of autoimmune inflammation with further destruction of the tissues of the reproductive tract. Activation of MMP promotes the release of HSV from the nerve ganglia and reactivation of the infection. Therapy for HPV and HVI (herpes virus infections) are debatable. There is no single standard of treatment, but there are a number of drugs that have antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. Currently, there are no studies on the dynamics of the effect of HPV and HSV infection on the state of MMPs and TIMPs during Inosine pranobex therapy. Objective: to evaluate changes in matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 and their tissue inhibitors types 1 and 2 in patients with human papillomavirus and herpes infections after Inosine pranobex therapy. 6 patients with papillomavirus and herpetic infections were examined and treated with drugs containing the active ingredient Inosine pranobex. The levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1, TIMP-2 in blood serum were determined using specific reagents from R&D Diagnostics Inc. (USA). The dynamics of indicators in the blood serum of patients with PVI showed a decrease in the level of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 with a simultaneous increase in TIMP-2 relative to the values before therapy. In patients with PVI and HVI, Inosine pranobex therapy showed a decrease in MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels, no changes in the content of TIMP-1, but an increase in the serum content of TIMP-2. Prior to the use of therapy, an increase in the ratio in the main groups in comparison with the control group was found, however, the largest increase was found in the group with the association of infections. After therapy, positive dynamics was established in the main groups. Thus, the ratio in group I decreased and became equal to the control values. In the II group of patients, the ratio, despite the decrease, remained higher than the control values and higher in comparison with the I group of women
Quantum Entanglement in Nitrosyl Iron Complexes
Recent magnetic susceptibility measurements for polycrystalline samples of
binuclear nitrosyl iron complexes [Fe_2(C_3H_3N_2S)_2(NO)_4] (I) and
[Fe_2(SC_3H_5N_2)_2(NO)_4] (II), suggest that quantum-mechanical entanglement
of the spin degrees of freedom exists in these compounds. Entanglement E exists
below the temperature T_E that we have estimated for complexes I and II to be
80-90 and 110-120 K, respectively. Using an expression of entanglement in terms
of magnetic susceptibility for a Heisenberg dimer, we find the temperature
dependence of the entanglement for complex II. Having arisen at the temperature
T_E, the entanglement increases monotonically with decreasing temperature and
reaches 90-95% in this complex at T=25 K, when the subordinate effects are
still small.Comment: 8 page
ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Trichinella spiralis ΠΈ Echinococcus multilocularis Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ
The purpose of the research is assessment of karyopathic effect and general safety of Trichinella spiralis and Echinococcus multilocularis protein extracts in mice.Materials and methods. To assess the karyotic effect bone marrow cells were isolated and preparations were prepared using a metaphase method (Ford C. E., Hamerton J. L., 1956). Cytological analysis of bone marrow smears was performed to determine the white cell lineage counts. The main hematological indices of mice were determined at hematological analyzer Β«Abacus JuniorVetΒ» (Β«DiatronΒ», Austria); differential white blood cell count was analyzed using common method. Blood biochemical indices were determined at biochemical analyzer A-15/25 (BioSystems S.A., Spain).Results and discussion. The intraperitoneal administration of T. spiralis and E. multilocularis protein extracts induced K-mitosis in mice bone marrow cell population. Systemic disorders associated with that cytogenetic effect and general reaction of organism to administration of protein extracts, in particular changes in bone marrow white cell lineage counts and peripheral blood indices were revealed. T. spiralis and E. multilocularis protein products showed some negative effects on liver and kidney function in mice.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ β ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Trichinella spiralis ΠΈ Echinococcus multilocularis.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² T. spiralis ΠΈ E. multilocularis ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΡΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ (Ford C. E., Hamerton J. L., 1956). ΠΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ Β«Abacus JuniorVetΒ» (Β«DiatronΒ», ΠΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ); Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»Ρ β ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ, Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ β Π½Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ A-15/25 (BioSystems S.A., ΠΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ).Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² T. spiralis ΠΈ E. multilocularis ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ Π-ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ· Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π½Π° Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ T. spiralis ΠΈ E. multilocularis ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ
Protecting Mice from H7 Avian Influenza Virus by Immunisation with a Recombinant Adenovirus Encoding Influenza A Virus Conserved Antigens
Influenza is a highly contagious disease that causes annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. Birds are believed to be the source of newly emerging pandemic strains, including highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of the subtype H7. The aim of the study: to evaluate the ability of the recombinant human adenovirus, serotype 5, which expresses genes of influenza A highly conserved antigens (ion channel M2 and nucleoprotein NP), to provide protection to laboratory mice against infection with a lethal dose of avian influenza virus, subtype H7. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to adapt influenza A virus, subtype H7 for reproduction in the lungs of mice, to characterise it, and to use it for evaluation of the protective properties of the recombinant adenovirus. Materials and methods: avian influenza virus A/Chicken/NJ/294508-12/2004 (H7N2) was adapted for reproduction in the lungs of mice by repeated passages. The adapted strain was sequenced and assessed using hemagglutination test, EID50 and LD50 for laboratory mice. BALB/c mice were immunised once with Ad5-tet-M2NP adenovirus intranasally, and 21 days after the immunisation they were infected with a lethal dose (5 LD50) of influenza virus A/Chicken/NJ/294508-12/2004 (H7N2) in order to assess the protective properties of the recombinant adenovirus. The level of viral shedding from the lungs of the infected mice was evaluated by titration of the lung homogenates in MDCK cell culture on days 3 and 6 after infection. The level of specific antibodies to H7 avian influenza virus was determined by indirect enzyme immunoassay. Results: the use of Ad5-tet-M2NP adenovirus for immunisation of the mice ensured 100% survival of the animals that had disease symptoms (weight loss) after their infection with the lethal dose (5 LD50) of H7 avian influenza virus. The study demonstrated a high post-vaccination level of humoral immune response to H7 avian influenza virus. The virus titer decreased significantly by day 6 in the lungs of mice that had been immunised with Ad5-tet-M2NP compared to the control group. Conclusion: the Ad5-tetM2NP recombinant adenovirus can be used to create a candidate pandemic influenza vaccine that would protect against avian influenza viruses, subtype H7, in particular
ΠΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π1 ΠΈ Π5, ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π° Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ
Avian influenza viruses of H1 and H5 subtypes were involved in the formation of highly pathogenic viruses that caused pandemics and panzootics in the 20thβ21st centuries. In order to assess the zoonotic potential of viruses of these subtypes, two viruses of H1N1 and H5N3 have been isolated from wild ducks in Moscow and adapted to growth in mouse lungs. Their phenotypic properties were studied, and the genetic changes that occurred during adaptation were identified. The original A/duck/Moscow/4970/2013 (H1N1) and A/duck/Moscow/4182-C/2010 (H5N3) viruses were apathogenic for mice but became pathogenic after 7β10 passages in mouse lungs. Complete genome sequencing revealed 2 amino acid substitutions in the proteins of the H1N1 mouse-adapted variant (Glu627Lys in PB2 and Asp35Asn in hemagglutinin (HA) β numbering according to H3) and 6 mutations in the proteins of H5N3 virus (Glu627lys in PB2, Val113Ala in PB1, Ser82Pro in PB1-F2, Lys52Arg in HA2, Arg65Lys in NP, and Ser59Ile in NA). The increase in virulence is most likely due to a common substitution in the protein PB2 Glu627Lys as revealed in both viruses. The replacement of Asp35Asn in HA of the mouse-adapted H1N1 virus is associated with an increase in the pH value of the HA transition from 5.0 for 5.5 in comparison to the HA of parent virus. The found mutations in HA, NA, and PB1-F2 proteins of the adapted H5N3 variant are unique. The mutations Glu627Lys in PB2, Arg65Lys in NP, and Val113Ala in PB1 are most likely host adaptive.ΠΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π1 ΠΈ Π5 ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Β ΠΏΠ°Π½Π·ΠΎΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Β XXβXXI Β Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ
. Π‘ Β ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ, Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ A/duck/Moscow/4970/2013 (H1N1) ΠΈ A/duck/Moscow/4182βC/2010 (H5N3) ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ 7β10 ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π² Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊ ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
2 Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° H1N1 (Glu627Lys Π² Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ΅ PB2 ΠΈ Asp35Asn Π² Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π³Π³Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π΅ (HA) β Π½ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ H3) ΠΈ 6 ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° H5N3 (Glu627Lys Π² PB2, Val113Ala Π² PB1, Ser82Pro Π² PB1βF2, Lys52Arg Π² HA2, Arg65Lys Π² NP ΠΈ Ser59Ile Π² NA). ΠΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΉ β Glu627Lys Π² Β Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ΅ PB2. ΠΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Asp35Asn Π² Β HA Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊ Β ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° H1N1 Β Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° HA Ρ 5.0 Π΄ΠΎ 5.5 ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ HA Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ H5N3 ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΠ, NA ΠΈ PB1βF2 β ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅. ΠΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Glu627Lys Π² PB2, Arg65Lys Π² NP ΠΈ Val113Ala Π² PB1, ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ
Vitamin C Enhances Vitamin E Status and Reduces Oxidative Stress Indicators in Sea Bass Larvae Fed High DHA Microdiets
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential fatty acid necessary for many biochemical, cellular and physiological functions in fish. However, high dietary levels of DHA increase free radical injury in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae muscle, even when vitamin E (α-tocopherol, α-TOH) is increased. Therefore, the inclusion of other nutrients with complementary antioxidant functions, such as vitamin C (ascorbic acid, vitC), could further contribute to prevent these lesions. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of vitC inclusion (3,600 mg/kg) in high DHA (5 % DW) and α-TOH (3,000 mg/kg) microdiets (diets 5/3,000 and 5/3,000 + vitC) in comparison to a control diet (1 % DHA DW and 1,500 mg/kg of α-TOH; diet 1/1,500) on sea bass larvae growth, survival, whole body biochemical composition and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content, muscle morphology, skeletal deformities and antioxidant enzymes, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and myosin expression (MyHC). Larvae fed diet 1/1,500 showed the best performance in terms of total length, incidence of muscular lesions and ossification degree. IGFs gene expression was elevated in 5/3,000 diet larvae, suggesting an increased muscle mitogenesis that was confirmed by the increase in the mRNA copies of MyHC. vitC effectively controlled oxidative damages in muscle, increased α-TOH larval contents and reduced TBARS content and the occurrence of skull deformities. The results of the present study showed the antioxidant synergism between vitamins E and C when high contents of DHA are included in sea bass larvae diets
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