Socio-economic role of service : sector small business in sustainable development of the Russian economy

The aim of the present article is to summarize the results of the research on the socioeconomic role of small business in the development of the Russian economy and creation of effective mechanisms for its infrastructure support on the basis of the service sector particular qualities. On the basis of statistical data and the results of their own research, the authors prove the increasing importance of service-sector small business in the sustainable development of the Russian economy. At the closing part of the article the authors justify the necessity of the creation of the mechanisms which are able to support the service-sector small business in terms of its features.peer-reviewe

Suchasnyi stan i struktura rynku pasazhyrskykh perevezen v Ukraini

В статті досліджено сучасний стан і структуру ринку пасажирських перевезень, сучасні проблеми розвитку пасажирських перевезень. Визначено напрями забезпечення ефективної діяльності підприємств пасажирського комплексу залізничного транспорту, за умови підвищення якості і безпеки руху.В статье исследовано современное состояние и структуру рынка пассажирских перевозок, современные проблемы развития пассажирских перевозок. Определены направления обеспечения эффективной деятельности предприятий пассажирского комплекса железнодорожного транспорта при условии повышения качества и безопасности движения.Modern condition and structure of the passenger transportations market, as well as modern problems of passenger transportations development are investigated in the article. Directions of maintenance of the effective activity of railway transportation enterprises under conditions of quality and traffic safety improvements are defined.The authors received no direct funding for this research

Development and implementation of special seminar “Innovative pedagogical technologies”

Taking into account modern requirements to teacher’s personality in primary education, his knowledge of innovative pedagogical technologies’ essence as well as knowledge of methodology,  relevance of the search for ways to improve the content and forms of future primary school teachers’ training has been revealed. One of the solutions to this problem can be introduction of a special seminar aimed at improving the level of innovative and technological competence of future teachers in primary education into the system of vocational training. The purpose of this article is to substantiate the conceptual and methodological significance of a special seminar "Innovative pedagogical technologies" as well as to describe process of diagnosing effectiveness of the developed special seminar. The aim of the research is achieved through the application of such theoretical and empirical methods of scientific knowledge as method of pedagogical diagnostics, methodical system modeling, method of pedagogical forecasting, analysis of results, synthesis of the results of experimental research. Based on the use of these methods, the main theoretical aspects of a special seminar development are presented, the components of its content and structure are reflected and the stages of testing effectiveness of the developed special seminar are described. The scientific novelty of the research is justified by the development of the conceptual foundations and content of the special seminar "Innovative pedagogical technologies", intended for use in the training of future primary school teachers, indicating methodological aspects of its implementation, as well as the development of a diagnostic system to test its effectiveness in the educational process of the University

Role of Plant Carbonic Anhydrases under Stress Conditions

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are enzymes catalyzing the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide with the generation of protons and bicarbonate. The components of the reaction are involved in almost all metabolic processes in higher plants and algae, maintaining the balance of electrolytes and pH, gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, ethylene synthesis, and others. The CAs may take part in transmitting signals to activate cascades of protective response genes. Our findings reveal significant changes in the content of carbonic anhydrase gene transcripts in response to changes in environmental conditions. Here we discuss the functions of CAs located in the plasma membrane, chloroplast envelope, chloroplast stroma, and in thylakoids in plant protection under stress conditions, such as high illumination, low and high concentration of carbon dioxide in the environment, drought, and salinity

Fundamentals of smart Village modeling in the context of integration of cognitive processes of artificial intelligence in the era of modern infrastructure challenges

The study focuses on the stages of implementation and development of smart villages, which are digital technologies for agriculture that increase efficiency and productivity in this area. We uncovered the stages of development of smart villages, then we looked at what is included in the Internet of Things within a smart village. After that, we looked at the specific digital solutions for agriculture and the purpose of smart village. As part of the study, we analyzed a number of indicators characterizing the development of the sphere of agriculture and its prospects. As the results of the study, we constructed and analyzed correlation matrices of indicators

Phenological shifts of abiotic events, producers and consumers across a continent

Ongoing climate change can shift organism phenology in ways that vary depending on species, habitats and climate factors studied. To probe for large-scale patterns in associated phenological change, we use 70,709 observations from six decades of systematic monitoring across the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Among 110 phenological events related to plants, birds, insects, amphibians and fungi, we find a mosaic of change, defying simple predictions of earlier springs, later autumns and stronger changes at higher latitudes and elevations. Site mean temperature emerged as a strong predictor of local phenology, but the magnitude and direction of change varied with trophic level and the relative timing of an event. Beyond temperature-associated variation, we uncover high variation among both sites and years, with some sites being characterized by disproportionately long seasons and others by short ones. Our findings emphasize concerns regarding ecosystem integrity and highlight the difficulty of predicting climate change outcomes. The authors use systematic monitoring across the former USSR to investigate phenological changes across taxa. The long-term mean temperature of a site emerged as a strong predictor of phenological change, with further imprints of trophic level, event timing, site, year and biotic interactions.Peer reviewe

Chronicles of nature calendar, a long-term and large-scale multitaxon database on phenology

We present an extensive, large-scale, long-term and multitaxon database on phenological and climatic variation, involving 506,186 observation dates acquired in 471 localities in Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan. The data cover the period 1890-2018, with 96% of the data being from 1960 onwards. The database is rich in plants, birds and climatic events, but also includes insects, amphibians, reptiles and fungi. The database includes multiple events per species, such as the onset days of leaf unfolding and leaf fall for plants, and the days for first spring and last autumn occurrences for birds. The data were acquired using standardized methods by permanent staff of national parks and nature reserves (87% of the data) and members of a phenological observation network (13% of the data). The database is valuable for exploring how species respond in their phenology to climate change. Large-scale analyses of spatial variation in phenological response can help to better predict the consequences of species and community responses to climate change.Peer reviewe

Social-economic role of small business in services sphere in the progressive development of Russia

Objective to assess the socioeconomic significance of small business in the services sector of national economy and to develop effective tools of its infrastructural support basing on the characteristics of the services sector. Methods systematic approach was applied to identify the characteristics of small businesses in the services sector methods of comparative and statistical analysis were used to assess the contribution of small business in service sector to the economic development of the country methods of analysis and synthesis revealed problems of development of small business in service sector program and target method was used to develop infrastructural tools to support small businesses. Results social and economic characteristics of small business in services were determined the contribution of small business in service sector into the economic progress of the country was assessed the problems and peculiarities of development of small entrepreneurship in services were identified and examined. Basing on the analysis of problems of small business growth and its role in the progressive development of the economy the necessity of state support is proved and the effective tools of infrastructure support for small businesses are determined basing on the characteristics of the service sector. Scientific novelty the characteristics of small business in services are identified and grouped by economic and social principle the growing contribution of the small business in service sector to the Russian economy is proved and its backlog from the developed economies is confirmed problems hindering the development of small business are identified. Basing on the problems effective tools for small business support are developed and offered. Practical significance the main provisions and conclusions of the research can be used in scientific activity to study the development and infrastructural support of small business in services sectors they can be used by public authorities to develop a strategy of small business development and programs of services development as well as forms methods and tools of infrastructural support of small business. nbs

Management of innovation projects: financial risks

Management of innovative projects requires a deep assessment of various risks, and financial risks here are especially important. Management of financial risks in the field of innovative activity significantly affects the efficiency of the whole work. It is also one of the most important components of the project activity. The article describes research results of the main target segments for planning a program of financial risk management. The research is based on a cluster analysis that describes the most significant groups of risk factors. Enterprises implementing innovative projects need to pay special attention to these factors, especially when developing various measures for the formation and development of innovative activities and the management of various risks