Fluoride Release Of Dental Sealants Following Exposure To Fluoride Toothpaste And Fluoride Varnish

Background: Application of dental sealants on pit and fissure areas is an effective intervention to prevent and reduce development of dental caries. Fluoride incorporation into dental sealants increases potency on caries reduction. Fluoride exposure of dental sealant from different sources is expected to enhance fluoride release from dental sealants.Objective: The study was aimed to compare fluoride release from different dental sealants following exposure to fluoride toothpaste and fluoride varnish.Methods: Three types of dental sealants were included: Group A- glass ionomer sealant (GIS); Group B- resin sealant and Group C- giomer sealant. Thirty specimens of each material were prepared using stainless steel mold (10Å~2 mm) and stored in plastic container containing artificial saliva. Initial fluoride release was measured by a specific fluoride electrode every 24 hours for 15 days. The saliva was changed after each measurement. At day 15th, the specimens were randomly divided into 3 subgroups (n=10) and exposed to following regimens; subgroup A- fluoride toothpaste (1000 ppm) twice daily, subgroup B- fluoride varnish (22,600 ppm) once only at day 15th and subgroup C- control group; not exposed to any fluoride regimens. Fluoride release after fluoride exposure was measured for another 15 days. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA and Games-Howell post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05.Results: GIS released highest amount of fluoride (42.9±1.91ppm) at the first 15 days followed by giomer sealant (27.79±1.66 ppm) and resin sealant (1.31±0.11 ppm) and showed significantly different among groups (p=0.00). Fluoride toothpaste increases fluoride release from all tested dental sealants while showed superior efficacy on giomer sealant followed by GIS and resin sealant (p=0.00). Fluoride varnish application promotes fluoride release significantly higher in all tested sealants (p=0.00).Conclusions: Daily exposure of fluoride toothpaste and single application of fluoride varnish enhances fluoride release of all dental sealants

Sucrose alleviates capsaicin-induced tongue burning : an in vivo study

Spicy foods are flavorful and stimulate salivation, which is beneficial for individuals with poor appetite. They are also ubiquitous in many regional cuisines, but the chemical compounds in such foods, especially capsaicin from chili peppers, can cause t

Odontogenic gene expression profile of human dental pulp-derived cells under high glucose influence: a microarray analysis

Hyperglycemia, a major characteristic of diabetes, is considered to play a vital role in diabetic complications. High glucose levels have been found to inhibit the mineralization of dental pulp cells. However, gene expression associated with this phenomenon has not yet been reported. This is important for future dental therapeutic application. Objective: Our study aimed to investigate the effect of high glucose levels on mineralization of human dental pulp-derived cells (hDPCs) and identify the genes involved. Methodology: hDPCs were cultured in mineralizing medium containing 25 or 5.5 mM D-glucose. On days 1 and 14, RNA was extracted and expression microarray performed. Then, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected for further validation using the reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method. Cells were fixed and stained with alizarin red on day 21 to detect the formation of mineralized nodules, which was further quantified by acetic acid extraction. Results: Comparisons between high-glucose and low-glucose conditions showed that on day 1, there were 72 significantly up-regulated and 75 down-regulated genes in the high-glucose condition. Moreover, 115 significantly up- and 292 down-regulated genes were identified in the high-glucose condition on day 14. DEGs were enriched in different GO terms and pathways, such as biological and cellular processes, metabolic pathways, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction and AGE-RAGE signaling pathways. RT-qPCR results confirmed the significant expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 3 (PDK3), cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8), activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), fibulin-7 (Fbln-7), hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS1), interleukin 4 receptor (IL-4R) and apolipoprotein C1 (ApoC1). Conclusions: The high-glucose condition significantly inhibited the mineralization of hDPCs. DEGs were identified, and interestingly, HAS1 and Fbln-7 genes may be involved in the glucose inhibitory effect on hDPC mineralization

Comparative proteomic study of dog and human saliva

<div><p>Saliva contains many proteins that have an important role in biological process of the oral cavity and is closely associated with many diseases. Although the dog is a common companion animal, the composition of salivary proteome and its relationship with that of human are unclear. In this study, shotgun proteomics was used to compare the salivary proteomes of 7 Thai village dogs and 7 human subjects. Salivary proteomes revealed 2,532 differentially expressed proteins in dogs and humans, representing various functions including cellular component organization or biogenesis, cellular process, localization, biological regulation, response to stimulus, developmental process, multicellular organismal process, metabolic process, immune system process, apoptosis and biological adhesion. The oral proteomes of dogs and humans were appreciably different. Proteins related to apoptosis processes and biological adhesion were predominated in dog saliva. Drug-target network predictions by STITCH Version 5.0 showed that dog salivary proteins were found to have potential roles in tumorigenesis, anti-inflammation and antimicrobial processes. In addition, proteins related to regeneration and healing processes such as fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor were also up-regulated in dogs. These findings provide new information on dog saliva composition and will be beneficial for the study of dog saliva in diseased and health conditions in the future.</p></div

In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial and anti-inflammation activities of Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels

Crude extracts of twigs and roots of Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels were separated and purified using repeated silica gel column chromatography to yield 12 compounds identified as xanthotoxol (1), imperatorin (2), heraclenol (3), heraclenin (4), wampetin (5), indicolactonediol (6), murrayanine (7), O-demethylmurrayanine (8), indizoline (9), 3-formyl-6-methoxycarbazole (10), lansine (11) and glycozolidal (12). All pure compounds were tested for their antibacterial and anti-inflammation activities using disc diffusion method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. At a concentration of 50 µg/mL, three carbazole alkaloid components (compounds 10, 11, and 12) demonstrated moderate antibacterial activity against the periodontopathic bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis. Compound 10 and the crude extract of twig revealed impressive antiinflammation potency. From these results, selected carbazole alkaloid compounds from Clausena lansium might be potential raw products in generating new anti-inflammation and antibacterial agent used as an adjunctive medication in treating periodontal disease

Red and Yellow Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin Demonstrated Differential Effects on Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Osteogenic Differentiation

The biological benefits of using two fractions derived from injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) in bone regeneration remain unclear. Thus, the current study examined two fractionation protocols producing yellow i-PRF and red i-PRF on periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). The i-PRF samples from five donors were harvested from two different levels, with and without a buffy coat layer, to obtain red and yellow i-PRF, respectively. The PDLSCs were isolated and characterized before their experimental use. The culture medium in each assay was loaded with 20% of the conditioned medium containing the factors released from the red and yellow i-PRF. Cell proliferation and cell migration were determined with an MTT and trans-well assay, respectively. Osteogenic differentiation was investigated using alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin red staining. The efficiency of both i-PRFs was statistically compared. We found that the factors released from the red i-PRF had a greater effect on cell proliferation and cell migration. Moreover, the factors released from the yellow i-PRF stimulated PDLSC osteogenic differentiation earlier compared with the red i-PRF. These data suggest that the red i-PRF might be suitable for using in bone regeneration because it induced the mobilization and growth of bone regenerative cells without inducing premature mineralization

Molecular Cloning of cDNAs and Genes for Three α-Glucosidases from European Honeybees, Apis mellifera L., and Heterologous Production of Recombinant Enzymes in Pichia pastoris

cDNAs encoding three α-glucosidases (HBGases I, II, and III) from European honeybees, Apis mellifera, were cloned and sequenced, two of which were expressed in Pichia pastoris. The cDNAs for HBGases I, II, and III were 1,986, 1,910, and 1,915 bp in length, and included ORFs of 1,767, 1,743, and 1,704 bp encoding polypeptides comprised of 588, 580, and 567 amino acid residues, respectively. The deduced proteins of HBGases I, II, and III contained 18, 14, and 8 putative N-linked glycosylation sites, respectively, but at least 2 sites in HBGase II were unmodified by N-linked oligosaccharide. In spite of remarkable differences in the substrate specificities of the three HBGases, high homologies (38–44% identity) were found in the deduced amino acid sequences. In addition, three genomic DNAs, of 13,325, 2,759, and 27,643 bp, encoding HBGases I, II, and III, respectively, were isolated from honeybees, and the sequences were analyzed. The gene of HBGase I was found to be composed of 8 exons and 7 introns. The gene of HBGase II was not divided by intron. The gene of HBGase III was confirmed to be made up of 9 exons and 8 introns, and to be located in the region upstream the gene of HBGase I

Microbial Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) Scaffold for Periodontal Tissue Engineering

In this study, we fabricated three dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds of poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) with 50% HV content. P(HB-50HV) was biosynthesized from bacteria Cupriavidus necator H16 and the in vitro proliferation of dental cells for tissue engineering application was evaluated. Comparisons were made with scaffolds prepared by poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-12%hydroxyvalerate) (P(HB-12HV)), and polycaprolactone (PCL). The water contact angle results indicated a hydrophobic character for all polymeric films. All fabricated scaffolds exhibited a high porosity of 90% with a sponge-like appearance. The P(HB-50HV) scaffolds were distinctively different in compressive modulus and was the material with the lowest stiffness among all scaffolds tested between the dry and wet conditions. The human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) cultured onto the P(HB-50HV) scaffold adhered to the scaffold and exhibited the highest proliferation with a healthy morphology, demonstrating excellent cell compatibility with P(HB-50HV) scaffolds. These results indicate that the P(HB-50HV) scaffold could be applied as a biomaterial for periodontal tissue engineering and stem cell applications

Microbial Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) Scaffold for Periodontal Tissue Engineering

In this study, we fabricated three dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds of poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) with 50% HV content. P(HB-50HV) was biosynthesized from bacteria Cupriavidus necator H16 and the in vitro proliferation of dental cells for tissue engineering application was evaluated. Comparisons were made with scaffolds prepared by poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-12%hydroxyvalerate) (P(HB-12HV)), and polycaprolactone (PCL). The water contact angle results indicated a hydrophobic character for all polymeric films. All fabricated scaffolds exhibited a high porosity of 90% with a sponge-like appearance. The P(HB-50HV) scaffolds were distinctively different in compressive modulus and was the material with the lowest stiffness among all scaffolds tested between the dry and wet conditions. The human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) cultured onto the P(HB-50HV) scaffold adhered to the scaffold and exhibited the highest proliferation with a healthy morphology, demonstrating excellent cell compatibility with P(HB-50HV) scaffolds. These results indicate that the P(HB-50HV) scaffold could be applied as a biomaterial for periodontal tissue engineering and stem cell applications