El pecado, la vergüenza y la culpa en el pensamiento védico (Estudios sobre el mal, la culpa y el pecado en el R̥gveda y en el pensamiento brahmánico, I)

The concepts of evil, guilt and sin in the Vedic and Brahmanic ideology are here studied, starting from textual analysis, especially of the Ṛgveda. For the Vedic mind were sinful all infractions of ṛtá, specifically drúh: falsehood, betrayal and active breaking of a promise. The Vedic ideology shows so features of the «shame cultures», where an evil deed don’t produce guilt feelings, remorse or contrition, but in first line, fear of losing the public respect. When the gods are beseeched to free men from the fastenings that are the expected outcome of an evil deed, there is any distinction made in the texts between deliberate misdeeds, a casual or unconscious mistake, nor between own or others’ sins, for the consequences of alien misdeeds, in form of pollution, can too contaminate others. The analysis of avadyá «shame» is done on texts about Indra’s birth (RV 4.18) and Namuci’s death (MS 4.3.4).A partir de los textos originales, especialmente el Ṛgveda, se someten a examen los conceptos de mal, culpa y pecado en la ideología védica y brahmánica. Para el pensamiento védico eran pecaminosas las infracciones contra el ṛtá, en concreto drúh: mentira, traición, faltar a la palabra dada. La ideología védica presenta rasgos de las «culturas de la vergüenza», en las que una mala acción no crea sentimientos de culpa personal, arrepentimiento o contrición, sino en primer lugar, temor a la pérdida de la estimación pública. Cuando se pide a los dioses quedar libre de las ataduras que son la consecuencia esperada de las malas acciones, no se hace distinción en los textos entre una mala acción intencionada, un error casual o inconsciente, ni entre pecados propios o ajenos, ya que también las consecuencias de un pecado ajeno, en forma de polución, pueden contaminar a terceros. El análisis de avadyá «vergüenza» se lleva a cabo en textos acerca del nacimiento de Indra (RV 4.18) y la muerte de Namuci (MS 4.3.4)

Sobre los imperativos védicos en -si, el subjuntivo céltico y el prospectivo

En védico, hay un grupo de formas atemáticas en -si con función de 2ª sg. del imperativo (¡no indicativo!). El irlandés antiguo, el tocario y el hitita presentan algunas formas comparables. La existencia de subjuntivos o futuros sigmáticos semitemáticos en otras lenguas implica la reconstrucción de un paradigma en s atemático que sufrió un desplazamiento hacia valores modales desde fecha temprana en la protolengua.En vèdic, hi ha un grup de formes atemàtiques en -si amb funció de 2a sg. de l'imperatiu (no indicatiu!). L'irlandès antic, el tocari i l'hitita presenten algunes formes comparables. L'existència de subjuntius o futurs sigmàtics semitemàtics en altres llengües implica la reconstrucció d'un paradigma en s atemàtic que va experimentar un desplaçament cap a valors modals des dels inicis de la protollengua.In Vedic there are some athematic forms in -si used as 2nd sg. imperative (not indicative!); comparable forms are to be found in Old Irish, Tocharian and Hittite. The existence of semi-thematic sigmatic subjunctives or futures in other Indo-European languages implies the reconstruction of an athematic s-paradigm which underwent a shift to modal values since early date in the protolanguage

Modelling of kurtosis and skewness : Bayesian inference and distribution theory

This thesis is concerned with the study of distributional and inferential aspects of some classes of flexible distributions used for modelling asymmetric data. In the last couple of decades, a great effort has been devoted to proposing new dis- tributions that can capture departures from normality. A popular method to obtain such distributions consists of adding parameters to a known, typically symmetric, distribution. In order to do so, several classes of parametric transformations have been employed. In Chapter 2, we analyse two families of such transformations that have recently been recom- mended as skewing mechanisms. We show that when they are applied to several symmetric distributions, the resulting models are not flexible enough to capture moderate or high skew- ness. Our aims here are to show that not every parametric transformation can be used as a skewing mechanism and to emphasise the importance of assessing the flexibility of a transformed distribution using interpretable measures of skewness. In Chapters 3–5, we focus on the study of univariate three-parameter location-scale models, where skewness is introduced by differing scale parameters either side of the loca- tion. This class of distributions is often termed two-piece distributions. We first present an application of a particular distribution of this kind in the context of microbiology. There, we propose a benchmark prior using the interpretability of the parameters of such model. Motivated by the importance of noninformative priors for practitioners, we then proceed to study the use of the Jeffreys prior in two-piece models and investigate the existence of the corresponding posterior distributions. We also propose a benchmark prior structure that produces proper posteriors under mild conditions for a wide class of two-piece models. In a second application, in the context of stress-strength models, we explore a bivariate ex- tension of two-piece distributions using copulas. There, we also propose Bayesian models based on the interpretation of the parameters. In Chapter 6, we introduce a five-parameter class of distributions obtained by vary- ing both scale and shape parameters on each side of the mode. We study several aspects of this sort of models such as: subfamilies of distributions, reparameterisations, interpretation of the parameters, and two multivariate extensions. We also propose benchmark priors and illustrate their use with real data. We compare the performance of these models against appropriate competitors using several criteria

Survival and lifetime data analysis with a flexible class of distributions

We introduce a general class of continuous univariate distributions with positive support obtained by transforming the class of two-piece distributions. We show that this class of distributions is very flexible, easy to implement, and contains members that can capture different tail behaviours and shapes, producing also a variety of hazard functions. The proposed distributions represent a flexible alternative to the classical choices such as the log-normal, Gamma, and Weibull distributions. We investigate empirically the inferential properties of the proposed models through an extensive simulation study. We present some applications using real data in the contexts of time-to-event and accelerated failure time models. In the second kind of applications, we explore the use of these models in the estimation of the distribution of the individual remaining life

Modelling and PID Control of a Rotary Dryer

This paper describes the modelling and the PID control of a drying process. The plant uses a co-current rotary dryer to evaporate moisture of a waste product generated by olive-oil mills, called alpeorujo or two phase cake. The paper shows the development of a model based upon first principles combined with experimental results. A control strategy has been tested under simulation based on PID controllers for the main loops in this process

Non-equilibrium Lifshitz theory as a steady state of a full dynamical quantum system

In this work we analyze the validity of Lifshitz's theory for the case of non-equilibrium scenarios from a full quantum dynamical approach. We show that Lifshitz's framework for the study of the Casimir pressure is the result of considering the long-time regime (or steady state) of a well-defined fully quantized problem, subjected to initial conditions for the electromagnetic field interacting with real materials. For this, we implement the closed time path formalism developed in previous works to study the case of two half spaces (modeled as composite environments, consisting in quantum degrees of freedom plus thermal baths) interacting with the electromagnetic field. Starting from initial uncorrelated free subsystems, we solve the full time evolution, obtaining general expressions for the different contributions to the pressure that take part on the transient stage. Using the analytic properties of the retarded Green functions, we obtain the long-time limit of these contributions to the total Casimir pressure. We show that, in the steady state, only the baths' contribute, in agreement with the results of previous works, where this was assumed without justification. We also study in detail the physics of the initial conditions' contribution and the concept of modified vacuum modes, giving insights about in which situations one would expect a non vanishing contribution at the steady state of a non-equilibrium scenario. This would be the case when considering finite width slabs instead of half-spaces

Mejora de la robustez de controladores LQG/LTR. Aplicación a un sistema multivariable

En el presente artículo se realiza un estudio de métodos de diseño LTR, demostrándose su utilidad con la aplicación de un sistema multivariable. El planteamiento se realiza en el espacio de estados para el cálculo e implementación de los algoritmos de control, y un tratamiento en el dominio de la frecuencia para el análisis de robustez. Se describen diferentes técnicas de diseño que emplean una filosofía de síntesis similar, conocida como LTR. Para evaluar los controladores se proponen unos indicadores de robustez. Se realizan diferentes diseños para un sistema multivariable, comparando los resultados obtenidos entre el regulador LQC/LTR convencional y un controlador LTR con estructura no basada en observador. Por último, se propone un controlador para mejorar la robustez y aplicabilidad del controlador LQR/LTR convencional.This paper makes a study of LTR (Loop Transfer Recovery) desing methods. the applicability of the methods to a multivariable system is demonstrated. State space methodos are used to implement the control algorithms and frecuency domain techniques are used to analyse its robutstness. Robustness indicators are proposed to evaluate the performance of the controllers. Different designs of a multivariable system are made, and the results obtained by a conventional LQG/LTR controller and a LTR controller without observer are compared. Finally a method is proposed to enhance the robustness and applicability of conventional LQG/LTR controllers

Sequential and Simultaneous Algorithms to Solve the Collision-Free Trajectory Planning Problem for Industrial Robots – Impact of Interpolation Functions and the Characteristics of the Actuators on Robot Performance

This paper has been possible thanks to the funding of Science and Innovation Ministry of the Spain Government by means of the Researching and Technologic Development Project DPI2010-20814-C02-01 (IDEMOV).Rubio Montoya, FJ.; Valero Chuliá, FJ.; Besa Gonzálvez, AJ.; Pedrosa Sanchez, AM. (2012). Sequential and Simultaneous Algorithms to Solve the Collision-Free Trajectory Planning Problem for Industrial Robots ¿ Impact of Interpolation Functions and the Characteristics of the Actuators on Robot Performance. En Robotic Systems - Applications, Control and Programming. InTech. 591-610. doi:10.5772/25970S59161