Litter Windrows in the South-East Coast of the Bay of Biscay: An Ocean Process Enabling Effective Active Fishing for Litter

Large scale convergence regions of floating marine litter are commonly observed in semi-enclosed seas as the Bay of Biscay. However, clean-up activities on such accumulation regions are limited by the spread of the large-size floating litter on the sea surface. Data gathered by a small-scale fishing vessel devoted to active fishing for floating litter activities during the spring and summer of 2018 reveals that the linear streaks of high concentration of floating litter (so-called litter "windrows") are common accumulation structures in the south-east coast of the Bay of Biscay. The random search of litter windrows for their collection through surface tows of macro-nets was proved to be an effective action for floating litter mitigation. A total of 196 tows collected 16.2 tons of floating marine litter in 68 working days. Most of the litter windrows were around 1 km length and, on average, accumulated 77.75 kg of floating marine litter. Fishing, shipping and aquaculture sectors were the source of 35% of the 4,130 litter items analyzed (55% in weight of the sourced items), and plastic was the most common type of material (96% in terms of items). A better understanding of the phenomenon of the litter windrows, capable to guide clean-up efforts in space and time, would provide a considerable improvement in the efficiency of mitigation actions to reduce the marine litter pollution. The observations of litter windrows in the coastal area of the south-east of the Bay of Biscay demonstrate the key role of submesoscale processes in the distribution of FML. The present work provides a thorough description of floating litter windrows in nature, which it was non-existent to date. The results are the kind of proof necessary to boost the research addressed on the submesoscale aggregations of FML. Coupling litter windrows observations with remote-sensing technology and high-resolution modeling techniques offer great opportunities for the mitigation actions against marine litter

Positron emission tomography-imaging assessment for guiding strategy in patients with relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma receiving CAR T cells

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of the F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography response at 1 month (M1) and 3 months (M3) after anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in a multicenter cohort of 160 patients with relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphomas (R/R LBCL). In total, 119 (75%) patients reached M1 evaluation; 64 (53%, 64/119) had a complete response (CR); 91% were Deauville Score (DS) 1-3. Progressionfree survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly worse in patients with DS-5 at M1, than in patients with DS 1-3 (PFS hazard ratio [HR]=6.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.5-11.5 vs. OS HR=3.79, 95% CI: 1.7-8.5) and DS-4 (PFS HR=11.99, 95% CI: 5.0-28.9 vs. OS HR=12.49, 95% CI: 2.8-55.8). The 1-year PFS rates were 78.9% (95% CI: 58.9-89.9) for DS-4 at M1, similar to 67.3% (95% CI: 51.8-78.8) for patients with DS 1-3 at M1, very different to 8.6% (95% CI: 1.8-22.4) for DS-5, respectively. Only eight of 30 (26%) patients with DS-4 progressed. Response at M3 evaluated in 90 (57%) patients was prognostic for PFS with lower discrimination (HR=3.28, 95% CI: 1.5-7.0; P=0.003) but did not predict OS (HR=0.61, 95% CI: 0.2-2.3; P=0.45). Patients with a high baseline total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) >80 mL had worse PFS (HR=2.05, 95% CI: 1.2-3.5; P=0.009) and OS (HR=4.52, 95% CI: 2.5-8.1; P80 mL, and DS-5 at M1 for OS. In conclusion, baseline TMTV and response at M1 strongly predicts outcomes of patients with R/R LBCL undergoing CAR T-cell therapy

PD-1 blockade and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Hodgkin lymphoma, a matter of time: a national study on behalf of the Société Francophone de Greffe de Moelle et de Thérapie Cellulaire

Not available

Outcome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation with haploidentical versus HLA-matched donors in patients with higher-risk MDS.

peer reviewedAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the best curative option for higher-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. The presence of monosomal karyotype and/or complex karyotype abnormalities predicts inferior survival after allo-SCT in MDS patients. Haploidentical allo-SCT has been increasingly used in acute leukemia (AL) and has similar results as using HLA-matched donors, but data on higher-risk MDS is sparse. We compared outcomes in 266 patients with higher-risk MDS after HLA-matched sibling donor (MSD, n = 79), HLA-matched unrelated donor (MUD, n = 139) and HLA haploidentical donor (HID, n = 48) from 2010 to 2019. Median donor age differed between the three groups (p < 0.001). The overall survival was significantly different between the three groups with a better OS observed in the MUD group (p = 0.014). This observation could be explained by a higher progression-free survival with MUD (p = 0.014). The cumulative incidence of grade 2-4 acute GvHD was significantly higher in the HID group (p = 0.051). However, in multivariable analysis, patients transplanted using an HID had comparable mortality to patients transplanted using a MUD (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR]: 0.58 [0.32-1.07]; p = 0.080) and a MSD ([sHR]: 0.56 [0.28-1.11]; p = 0.094). MUD do not remain a significant positive predictor of survival, suggesting that beyond the donor-recipient HLA matching, the donor age might impact recipient outcome

Bone marrow graft versus peripheral blood graft in haploidentical hematopoietic stem cells transplantation: a retrospective analysis in1344 patients of SFGM-TC registry.

peer reviewedThe use of peripheral blood (PB) or bone marrow (BM) stem cells graft in haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis remains controversial. Moreover, the value of adding anti-thymoglobulin (ATG) to PTCy is unknown. A total of 1344 adult patients received an unmanipulated haploidentical transplant at 37 centers from 2012 to 2019 for hematologic malignancy. We compared the outcomes of patients according to the type of graft, using a propensity score analysis. In total population, grade II-IV and III-IV acute GVHD (aGVHD) were lower with BM than with PB. Grade III-IV aGVHD was lower with BM than with PB + ATG. All outcomes were similar in PB and PB + ATG groups. Then, in total population, adding ATG does not benefit the procedure. In acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome and myeloproliferative syndrome (AL-MDS-MPS) subgroup receiving non-myeloablative conditioning, risk of relapse was twice greater with BM than with PB (51 vs. 22%, respectively). Conversely, risk of aGVHD was greater with PB (38% for aGVHD II-IV; 16% for aGVHD III-IV) than with BM (28% for aGVHD II-IV; 8% for aGVHD III-IV). In this subgroup with intensified conditioning regimen, risk of relapse became similar with PB and BM but risk of aGVHD III-IV remained higher with PB than with BM graft (HR = 2.0; range [1.17-3.43], p = 0.012)

Effet de l'anticipation sur les phénomènes douloureux liés à la distension rectale chez des patients ayant une maladie de Crohn en rémission : étude en IRM fonctionnelle

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic recurring inflammatory bowel disease, with unpredictable recurrence of flares; this unpredictability leads to great anticipatory anxiety and stress. The aim of this thesis was to study the effect, in terms of brain activity (fMRI), of uncertainty in the anticipation of visceral pain in quiescent CD. Le main results show that in CD, uncertainty is associated with hyperactivity in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, insula, thalamus and amygdala. These are key regions in the regulation of sensory, cognitive and emotional aspects of pain. In conclusion, CD comprises excessive cerebral reactivity linked to the uncertain character of the occurrence of visceral pain. This might account for the greater vulnerability of CD patients towards the effects of stress on their symptoms and the course of their disease, as well as the efficacy of behavioral therapies that aim at modifying the activity of limbic structures.La maladie de Crohn est caractérisée par l'alternance de phases de rémission et de poussées d'inflammation intestinale, de survenue imprévisible. L'objectif de la thèse était d'étudier l'effet, en terme d'activité cérébrale (IRMf), de l'incertitude dans l'anticipation de la survenue d'une douleur viscérale dans la MC en rémission. Les résultats majeurs montrent que dans la MC, cette phase est associée à une hyperactivation significative, par rapport au sujet sain, du cortex cingulaire antérieur et postérieur, de l'insula, du thalamus et de l'amygdale. Il s'agit de régions clés dans la gestion sensorielle, cognitive et émotionnelle de la douleur. En conclusion, la MC est associée à une hyperréactivité cérébrale liée au caractère incertain de la survenue d'une douleur viscérale. Ceci peut expliquer une plus grande vulnérabilité des patients face aux effets du stress sur leurs symptômes et le cours de leur maladie et l'efficacité des thérapies cognitivo-comportementales

Effect of anticipation on visceral pain induced by rectal distension in quiescent Crohn’s disease : a fMRI study

La maladie de Crohn est caractérisée par l'alternance de phases de rémission et de poussées d'inflammation intestinale, de survenue imprévisible. L'objectif de la thèse était d'étudier l'effet, en terme d'activité cérébrale (IRMf), de l'incertitude dans l'anticipation de la survenue d'une douleur viscérale dans la MC en rémission. Les résultats majeurs montrent que dans la MC, cette phase est associée à une hyperactivation significative, par rapport au sujet sain, du cortex cingulaire antérieur et postérieur, de l'insula, du thalamus et de l'amygdale. Il s'agit de régions clés dans la gestion sensorielle, cognitive et émotionnelle de la douleur. En conclusion, la MC est associée à une hyperréactivité cérébrale liée au caractère incertain de la survenue d'une douleur viscérale. Ceci peut expliquer une plus grande vulnérabilité des patients face aux effets du stress sur leurs symptômes et le cours de leur maladie et l'efficacité des thérapies cognitivo-comportementales.Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic recurring inflammatory bowel disease, with unpredictable recurrence of flares; this unpredictability leads to great anticipatory anxiety and stress. The aim of this thesis was to study the effect, in terms of brain activity (fMRI), of uncertainty in the anticipation of visceral pain in quiescent CD. Le main results show that in CD, uncertainty is associated with hyperactivity in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, insula, thalamus and amygdala. These are key regions in the regulation of sensory, cognitive and emotional aspects of pain. In conclusion, CD comprises excessive cerebral reactivity linked to the uncertain character of the occurrence of visceral pain. This might account for the greater vulnerability of CD patients towards the effects of stress on their symptoms and the course of their disease, as well as the efficacy of behavioral therapies that aim at modifying the activity of limbic structures

Apport du test d'activation des basophiles dans la décision de réintroduction du lait, de l'oeuf et de l'arachide chez l'enfant allergique

NICE-BU Médecine Odontologie (060882102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Design of hybridization biosensors via self-assembly of DNA / π-conjugated polyelectrolytes

The design of bio-inspired compounds and the development of self-assembly models within supramolecular nanostructures have acquired great relevance during the last years, with promising applications in different areas, ranging from materials science to medicine. In this frame, the design of hybrid self-assembled systems based on conjugated polymers and biomolecules has attracted many researchers. These hybrid supramolecular systems can be utilized for instance for the identification of proteins, and for the determination of very low DNA concentrations. Furthermore, conjugated polymers-based biosensors can also be used for the detection of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism in DNA hybridization experiments, to identify neurodegenerative diseases.1 Here, we present our recent results on the design of a new class of hybrid supramolecular structures based on the self-assembly of cationic -conjugated polythiophenes (CPT) and DNA (well-defined, short oligonucleotides). By using chiroptical spectroscopy, we examine three important processes for the functioning of DNA-DNA hybridization biosensors: complexation, hybridization, and melting properties. Importantly, we show that sequence, length, and topology of DNA strongly influence the conformation of the final supramolecular complex, especially the chirality of the polymer backbone, with specific right- or left-handed assemblies within the supramolecular system.

Design of DNA - Conjugated Polymers hybrids: insights into the self-assembly

Water-soluble -conjugated polymers (CPs), in particular cationic polythiophenes (CPT), possess optical fingerprints very sensitive to their conformation and supramolecular assembly. In the last decade, the design of complex chemical systems based on these conjugated polymers and biomolecules as DNA has attracted many researchers. These hybrid supramolecular systems can be utilized for instance for the identification of proteins, and for the determination of very low DNA concentrations. Moreover, conjugated polymers-based biosensors can also be used for the detection of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism in DNA hybridization experiments, to identify neurodegenerative diseases.1 Here, we present our recent results on the design and self-assembly based on of a new class of hybrid supramolecular structures. Via (chir)optical spectroscopy, we have studied three important processes for the functioning of hybridization biosensors: i) complexation, i.e. the formation of polyplex between the single-stranded DNA and CPT; ii) hybridization, i.e. the formation of a triplex structure by adding a complementary DNA sequence on a ssDNACPT complex, and iii) melting properties. The results indicate that sequence, length, and topology of DNA strongly influence the conformation of the final supramolecular complex, especially the chirality of the polymer backbone, with specific right- or left-handed assemblies within the supramolecular system.