19,667 research outputs found
Individual and corporate sources of motivation - A preliminary investigation
Rating scales of individual and corporate motivations and factor analysis of result
Acute pulmonary pathology and sudden death in rats following the intravenous administration of the plasticizer, DI (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, solubilized with Tween surfactants
Intravenous administration of 200-300 mg/kg of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) solubilized in aqueous solutions of several Tween surfactants caused respiratory distress in rats. There was a dose-dependent lethality with death generally occurring within 90 minutes after injection. The lungs from DEHP:Tween treated animals were enlarged, generally darkened, and in some cases showed hemorrhagic congestion. Neither the overt symptoms nor the morphologic alterations resulting from DEHP:Tween administration could be reproduced by intravenous administration of aqueous Tween solutions alone. The absence of pulmonary abnormalities following the intravenous administration of DEHP as an aqueous emulsion given either alone or even as soon as 2 minutes after pretreatment with Tween 80, suggests that the specific in vivo interaction between DEHP and Tween surfactants depends on the prior formation of water-soluble micelles of DEHP
Macroscopic detection of the strong stochasticity threshold in Fermi-Pasta-Ulam chains of oscillators
The largest Lyapunov exponent of a system composed by a heavy impurity
embedded in a chain of anharmonic nearest-neighbor Fermi-Pasta-Ulam oscillators
is numerically computed for various values of the impurity mass . A
crossover between weak and strong chaos is obtained at the same value
of the energy density (energy per degree of freedom)
for all the considered values of the impurity mass . The threshold \epsi
lon_{_T} coincides with the value of the energy density at which a
change of scaling of the relaxation time of the momentum autocorrelation
function of the impurity ocurrs and that was obtained in a previous work ~[M.
Romero-Bastida and E. Braun, Phys. Rev. E {\bf65}, 036228 (2002)]. The complete
Lyapunov spectrum does not depend significantly on the impurity mass . These
results suggest that the impurity does not contribute significantly to the
dynamical instability (chaos) of the chain and can be considered as a probe for
the dynamics of the system to which the impurity is coupled. Finally, it is
shown that the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy of the chain has a crossover from weak
to strong chaos at the same value of the energy density that the crossover
value of largest Lyapunov exponent. Implications of this result
are discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, revtex4 styl
How well do we know the neutron structure function?
We present a detailed analysis of the uncertainty in the neutron F2n
structure function extracted from inclusive deuteron and proton deep-inelastic
scattering data. The analysis includes experimental uncertainties as well as
uncertainties associated with the deuteron wave function, nuclear smearing, and
nucleon off-shell corrections. Consistently accounting for the Q^2 dependence
of the data and calculations, and restricting the nuclear corrections to
microscopic models of the deuteron, we find significantly smaller uncertainty
in the extracted F2n/F2p ratio than in previous analyses. In addition to
yielding an improved extraction of the neutron structure function, this
analysis also provides an important baseline that will allow future,
model-independent extractions of neutron structure to be used to examine
nuclear medium effects in the the deuteron.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure
False-negative upper extremity ultrasound in the initial evaluation of patients with suspected subclavian vein thrombosis due to thoracic outlet syndrome (Paget-Schroetter syndrome)
OBJECTIVE: To assess the utilization and consequences of upper extremity Duplex ultrasound in the initial diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected subclavian vein (SCV) thrombosis and venous thoracic outlet syndrome (VTOS).
METHODS: A retrospective single-center review was conducted for patients that underwent primary surgical treatment for VTOS between 2008 and 2017, in whom an upper extremity ultrasound had been performed as the initial diagnostic test (n = 214). Clinical and treatment characteristics were compared between patients with positive and false-negative ultrasound studies.
RESULTS: There were 122 men (57%) and 92 women (43%) that had presented with spontaneous idiopathic arm swelling, including 28 (13%) with proven pulmonary embolism, at a mean age of 30.7 ± 0.8 years (range 14-69). Upper extremity ultrasound had been performed 23.8 ± 12.2 days after the onset of symptoms, with confirmation of axillary-SCV thrombosis in 169 patients (79%) and negative results in 45 (21%). Of the false-negative ultrasound study reports, only 8 (18%) acknowledged limitations in visualizing the central SCV. Definitive diagnostic imaging (DDI) had been obtained by upper extremity venography in 175 (82%), computed tomography angiography in 24 (11%), and magnetic resonance angiography in 15 (7%), with 142 (66%) undergoing catheter-directed axillary-SCV thrombolysis. The mean interval between initial ultrasound and DDI was 48.9 ± 14.2 days with no significant difference between groups, but patients with a positive ultrasound were more likely to have DDI within 48 hours than those with a false-negative ultrasound (44% vs 24%; P = .02). At the time of surgical treatment, the SCV was widely patent following paraclavicular decompression and external venolysis alone in 74 patients (35%). Patch angioplasty was performed for focal SCV stenosis in 76 (36%) and bypass graft reconstruction for long-segment axillary-SCV occlusion in 63 (29%). Patients with false-negative initial ultrasound studies were significantly more likely to require SCV bypass reconstruction than those with a positive ultrasound (44% vs 25%; P = .02).
CONCLUSIONS: Duplex ultrasound has significant limitations in the initial evaluation of patients with suspected SCV thrombosis, with false-negative results in 21% of patients with proven VTOS. This is rarely acknowledged in ultrasound reports, but false-negative ultrasound studies have the potential to delay definitive imaging, thrombolysis, and further treatment for VTOS. Initial false-negative ultrasound results are associated with progressive thrombus extension and a more frequent need for SCV bypass reconstruction at the time of surgical treatment
Emergent social identities in a flood: implications for community psychosocial resilience
Although the mobilization of preâexisting networks is crucial in psychosocial resilience in disasters, shared identities can also emerge in the absence of such previous bonds, due to survivors sharing a sense of common fate. Common fate seems to operate in suddenâimpact disasters (e.g., bombings), but to our knowledge, no research has explored social identity processes in ârisingâtideâ incidents.
We interviewed an opportunity sample of 17 residents of York, United Kingdom, who were involved in the 2015â2016 floods. Using thematic and discourse analysis, we investigated residents' experiences of the floods and the strategic function that invocations of community identities perform. We show how shared community identities emerged (e.g., because of shared problems, shared goals, perceptions of vulnerability, and collapse of previous group boundaries) and show how they acted as a basis of social support (both given and expected).
The findings serve to further develop the social identity model of collective psychosocial resilience in risingâtide disasters. Implications for policy and practice are discussed
Consistent boundary conditions for Reduced Navier-Stokes (RNS) scheme applied to 3-dimensional internal viscous flows
A consistent and efficient set of boundary conditions is developed for the multi-sweep space-marching pressure-elliptic Reduced Navier-Stokes (RNS) scheme as applied for 3-D internal viscous flow problems. No-slip boundary conditions are directly imposed on the solid walls. There is no iteration procedure required in the cross plane to ensure mass conservation across each marching plane. The finite difference equations forming the coefficient matrix are ordered such that the surface normal velocity is specified on all the solid walls; unlike external flows, a pressure boundary condition in the cross plane is not required. Since continuity is directly satisfied at all points in the flow domain, the first order momentum equations can be solved directly for the pressure without the need for a Poisson pressure correction equation. The procedure developed herein can also be applied with periodic boundary conditions. The analysis is given for general compressible flows. Incompressible flow solutions are obtained, for straight and curved ducts of square cross section, to validate the procedure. These solutions are used to demonstrate the applicability of the RNS scheme, with the improved boundary conditions for internal flows with strong interaction, as would be encountered in ducts and turbomachinery geometries
The Nature and Frequency of Outflows from Stars in the Central Orion Nebula Cluster
Recent Hubble Space Telescope images have allowed the determination with
unprecedented accuracy of motions and changes of shocks within the inner Orion
Nebula. These originate from collimated outflows from very young stars, some
within the ionized portion of the nebula and others within the host molecular
cloud. We have doubled the number of Herbig-Haro objects known within the inner
Orion Nebula. We find that the best-known Herbig-Haro shocks originate from a
relatively few stars, with the optically visible X-ray source COUP 666 driving
many of them.
While some isolated shocks are driven by single collimated outflows, many
groups of shocks are the result of a single stellar source having jets oriented
in multiple directions at similar times. This explains the feature that shocks
aligned in opposite directions in the plane of the sky are usually blue shifted
because the redshifted outflows pass into the optically thick Photon Dominated
Region behind the nebula. There are two regions from which optical outflows
originate for which there are no candidate sources in the SIMBAD data base.Comment: 152 pages, 46 figures, 7 tables. Accepted by A
The technical aspects of adapting add-on digital stereotactic equipment for use with patient lying horizontally
- âŠ