Multilayer emulsions stabilized by vegetable proteins

There is great interest in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry in the use of proteins and polysaccharides as natural hydrocolloids to create novel emulsion systems with improved stability and functionality. For example, the electrostatic interaction between proteins and polysaccharides may be used to form oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions with multilayered interfacial membranes around oil droplets or multilayer emulsions. This type of emulsions have been developed using the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique, which consists of direct adsorption of an oppositely charged polyelectrolyte layer (e.g. polysaccharides) on a primary layer of ionic emulsifiers (e.g. proteins). The polymeric structure and electrical charge of proteins make them a special class of compounds very suitable for its utilization in the LbL technique. In recent years, the utilization of proteins as emulsifier in the food and pharmaceutical industry has been turning towards plants as a preferred alternative to animal-based sources. This article reviews the current understanding of the utilization of different vegetable proteins as emulsifier in order to stabilize O/W multilayer emulsions systems. Additionally, it highlights some potential applications of the multilayer emulsion technology in the industry for improving the stability of emulsions to environmental stresses or and for developing controlled or triggered release systems

Análisis psicométrico y descriptivo del inventario de estilos y aprendizaje (LSI) y del perfil de destrezas de aprendizaje (LSP)

84 p.Esta investigación examinó la consistencia interna y validez de constructo de dos instrumentos derivados de la Teoría del Aprendizaje Experiencial de Kolb – el Inventario de Estilos de Aprendizaje (LSI) y el Perfil de Destrezas de Aprendizaje (LSP) – los cuales fueron traducidos al español con el método de retrotraducción. Las versiones en español de los instrumentos fueron aplicadas a una muestra de 250 estudiantes pertenecientes a las carreras de Psicología, Diseño, Medicina, Ingeniería Informática Empresarial y Odontología de la Universidad de Talca – Campus Lircay. Los índices de consistencia interna obtenidos para ambos instrumentos fueron aceptables. Específicamente, los valores de α de Cronbach fluctuaron entre 0,682 y 0,770 para las distintas escalas del LSI, y entre 0,880 y 0,925 para las escalas del LSP. Respecto a la validez de constructo, la falta de Índice de Adecuación Muestral KMO y de Prueba de Esfericidad de Bartlett para el LSI hizo suspender su análisis factorial. Por otra parte, la Matriz de Componentes Rotados obtenida para el LSP sugiere una estructura alternativa a la propuesta por la teoría con diferencias importantes. El análisis descriptivo indicó diferencias entre los estilos de aprendizaje predominantes en cada una de las carreras, cuyos estudiantes tienden también a diferir en sus destrezas de aprendizaje predominantes. Además, los sujetos con el estilo acomodador reportan un nivel superior de desarrollo en seis escalas de destrezas, tales como Liderazgo e Iniciativa. Se sugiere investigaciones posteriores que reparen en la ipsatividad del LSI en el estudio de su estructura factorial y la utilización de medidas de rendimiento académico como criterio de validez predictiva y concurrente de ambos instrumentos. Por otro lado, se destaca la utilidad cualitativa de éstos como herramientas de autoevaluación y retroalimentación. Palabras Clave: aprendizaje experiencial, estilos de aprendizaje, destrezas de apren

Reproductibilidad del método ICDAS para la detección de lesiones de caries : un estudio exploratorio

Tesis Odontología.La detección y diagnóstico precoz de lesiones de caries ha sido por muchos años una tarea compleja para los odontólogos. Lograr que los resultados obtenidos de un examen clínico sean validos y reproducibles por distintos examinadores y por el mismo examinador es un desafío aun mas difícil para la odontología '12. Existen diversos instrumentos diagnósticos para detectar lesiones cariosas, sin embargo, el sistemas son ambiguos, de alto costo y no miden el proceso de la enfermedad en sus diferentes etapas 3. Se han propuesto varios sistemas de diagnóstico de caries para reducir la subjetividad, incrementar la sensibilidad, monitorizar las lesiones un estadio precoz (pre cavitación) y evaluar su actividad 4. Entre ellos, encontramos el Sistema Internacional de Detección y Valoración de Caries (ICDAS), que se basa en criterios visuales para la detección precoz de canes 516. Este sistema requiere de una calibración de los examinadores para consensuar y unificar criterios de identificación de caries, lo que permite estandarizar el método, disminuir las detecciones tardías, realizar diagnósticos válidos y enfocar los tratamientos hacia medidas preventivas y de mínima invasión 21 5". Una gran ventaja de este sistema es la posibilidad de registrar con detalle características de las superficies dentarias y monitorear los cambios de una lesión a través del tiempo '. El objetivo principal de este estudio es determinar la reproductibilidad del sistema ICDAS como método diagnóstico de canes a través de la calibración de alumnos examinadores Chilenos de sexto año de la carrera de Odontología de la UniveWad Andrés Bello, sede República (Santiago), año 2012

Comparison between Quinoa and <i>Quillaja saponins</i> in the Formation, Stability and Digestibility of Astaxanthin-Canola Oil Emulsions

Saponins from Quillaja saponaria and Chenopodium quinoa were evaluated as natural emulsifiers in the formation of astaxanthin enriched canola oil emulsions. The aim of this study was to define the processing conditions for developing emulsions and to evaluate their physical stability against environmental conditions: pH (2–10), temperature (20–50 °C), ionic strength (0–500 mM NaCl), and storage (35 days at 25 °C), as well as their performance in an in vitro digestion model. The emulsions were characterized, evaluating their mean particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions were effectively produced using 1% oil phase and 1% emulsifier (saponins). Emulsions were stable over a wide range of pH values (4–10), but exhibited particle aggregation at lower pH, salt conditions, and high temperatures. The emulsion stability index (ESI) remained above 80% after 35 days of storage. The results of our study suggest that saponins can be an effective alternative to synthetic emulsifiers

Effects of murta (Ugni molinae Turcz) extract on gas and water vapor permeability of carboxymethylcellulose-based edible films

The effect of murta (Ugni molinae Turcz) leaves extract on water vapor permeability (WVP) and gas permeability (GP) of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)-based films was studied. Two ecotypes of murta leaves “Soloyo Grande” (SG) and “Soloyo Chico” (SC), were analyzed for their composition (HPLC-MS) and SC extract revealed a higher concentration of flavonols than the SG extract. The film forming solution was prepared with 2 g of CMC, 0.4 ml of glycerol and 0.5 ml of sunflower oil in 100 ml of water (Control), 50 ml of water and 50 ml of each exctract (SC50 or SG50) and 100 ml of each extract (SC 100 or SG 100). The addition of murta leaves extract modified the WVP and GP of the films. The WVP decreased significantly (P⩽0.05) with the incorporation of SG extract in the film but not with the SC extract (P>0.05). The CO2 and O2 permeability of the films were influenced by the kind and concentration of murta leaves extract used. The CO2 permeability, with SG extract was higher than without extract (P⩽0.05) and with SC extract was not modified. The O2 permeability with murta leaves extract were lower than without extract. Therefore, it is possible to consider that films with SC acts only as barrier to the oxygen, but with SG the water vapor and gas barrier properties were modified, being more permeable to the CO2 and acting as barrier to O2 and water vapor.Fil: Bifani, Valerio. Universidad de La Frontera; ChileFil: Ramírez, Cristian. Universidad de La Frontera; ChileFil: Ihl, Mónica. Universidad de La Frontera; ChileFil: Rubilar, Mónica. Universidad de La Frontera; ChileFil: Garcia, Maria Alejandra. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Zaritzky, Noemi Elisabet. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; Argentin

Food-Grade Bigels with Potential to Replace Saturated and Trans Fats in Cookies

Fats play multiple roles in determining the desirable characteristics of foods. However, there are health concerns about saturated and trans fats. Bigels have been proposed as a novel fat replacer in foods. This research evaluated the role of the type of hydrogel in the development of bigels to be used as fat replacers in cookies. Bigels were made with beeswax/canola oil oleogel and sodium alginate and carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels. The results showed that the peroxide value and binding capacity of bigels were affected by the type of hydrogel used. However, their fatty acid profile, p-anisidine value, oxidative stability, and texture remained unchanged. Using bigels as fat replacers, cookies were obtained with a hardness similar to those with original shortening, showing the potential of bigels for use in foods

Estudio clínico genético en pacientes con complejo de esclerosis tuberosa

Introduction: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the tumor suppressor genes TSC1 or TSC2. Objective: To characterize clinically and genetically patients diagnosed with TSC. Patients and method: Descriptive study of clinical records from a pediatric neuropsychiatry department of 42 patients diagnosed with TSC and genetic study of 21 of them. The exon 15 of the TSC1 gene and exons 33, 36 and 37 of the TSC2 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. The relationship between the mutations found with the severity and clinical evolution were analyzed. Results: In 61.9% of the patients the symptoms began before 6 months of age. The most frequent initial manifestations of TSC were new onset of seizures (73.8%) and the detection of cardiac rhabdomyomas (16.6%). During the evolution of the disease all patients had neurological involvement; 92.9% had epilepsy. All patients presented hypomelanotic spots, 47.6% facial angiofibromas, 23.8% Shagreen patch, 47.6 heart rhabdomyomas and 35.7% retinal hamartomas. In the genetic study of 21 patients, two heterozygous pathogenic mutations in TSC1 and one in TSC2 genes were identified. The latter had a more severe clinical phenotype. Conclusions: Neurological and dermatological were the most frequent manifestations in patients with TSC. Two pathogenic mutations in TSC1 and one in TSC2 genes were identified. The patient with TSC2 mutation manifested a more severe clinical phenotype.Seed Project of the Chilean Society of Pediatrics (Proyecto Semilla de la Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría)

Clinical genetic study in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex Estudio clínico genético en pacientes con complejo de esclerosis tuberosa

© 2017, Sociedad Chilena de Pediatria. All rights reserved. Introduction: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the tumor suppressor genes TSC1 or TSC 2. Objective: To characterize clinically and genetically patients diagnosed with TSC. Patients and method: Descriptive study of clinical records from a pediatric neuropsychiatry department of 42 patients diagnosed with TSC and genetic study of 21 of them. The exon 15 of the TSC1 gene and exons 33, 36 and 37 of the TSC2 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. The relationship between the mutations found with the severity and clinical evolution were analyzed. Results: In 61.9% of the patients the symptoms began before 6 months of age. The most frequent initial manifestations of TSC were new onset of seizures (73.8%) and the detection of cardiac rhabdomyomas (16.6%). During the evolution of the disease all patients had neurological involvement; 92.9% had

Utilization of proteins from AluProt‐CGNA (a novel protein‐rich lupin variety) in the development of oil‐in‐water multilayer emulsion systems

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