32 research outputs found

    SISTEMA DE MONITOREO Y CONTROL REMOTO DE TEMPERATURA EN INCUBADORA DE HUEVO DE AVES BASADO EN INTERNET DE LAS COSAS (MONITORING AND REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEM OF TEMPERATURE IN A POULTRY EGG INCUBATOR BASED ON INTERNET OF THINGS)

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    Resumen Se describe el desarrollo de un sistema de monitoreo y control de temperatura en tiempo real dentro de una incubadora de huevo de ave basado en Internet de las Cosas (IoT, por su siglas en inglés), alertando al avicultor en caso de emergencia, se utiliza una red de sensores de temperatura DHT22, placa WEMOS D1 R2, con desarrollo WiFi, basada en el módulo ESP8266 utilizando el IDE de Arduino para su programación, esta se encarga de recopilar los datos a través de la red de sensores de temperatura para su proceso y toma de decisiones activando o desactivando actuadores (Ventilador y Resistencia eléctrica) con la finalidad de mantener la temperatura optima durante la incubación ya que esta varía según los días trascurridos; se utilizó un reloj de tiempo real RTC como contador; los datos obtenidos por la red de sensores son enviados a la plataforma ThingSpeak (plataforma de internet de las cosas), la cual sirve de apoyo al productor en el monitoreo y control de temperatura al interior de la incubadora de forma remota aumentando la seguridad en la producción. Palabras Clave: Arduino, control, incubación de huevos, incubadora, Internet de las cosas, temperatura. Abstract It describes the development of a real-time temperature monitoring and control system inside a bird's egg incubator based on Internet of Things (IoT), alerting the poultry farmer in case of emergency, using a network of DHT22 temperature sensors, WEMOS D1 R2 board, with WiFi development, based on the ESP8266 module using Arduino's IDE for its programming, it is in charge of collecting the data through the temperature sensor network for its processing and decision making by activating or deactivating actuators (Fan and Electric Resistance) in order to maintain the optimal temperature during incubation since it varies according to the days elapsed; A real time RTC clock was used as a counter; the data obtained by the sensor network is sent to the ThingSpeak platform (Internet of Things platform), which supports the producer in monitoring and controlling temperature inside the incubator remotely, increasing production security. Keywords: Arduino, control, hatching eggs, incubator, Internet of Things, temperature

    Avaliação de dois níveis de lisina em dietas iniciais para suínos Pelón Mexicano e seu efeito na carcaça e na carne

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    In the present investigation, the effect on the quality of the carcass and meat of growing Mexican Hairless pigs fed with the inclusion of 100 and 80 % of the lysine requirements recommended by the NRC (2012) in the diet was evaluated. Eight piglets of 12 ± 1.28 kg of the Mexican Hairless breed were used, distributed completely at random in two treatments (T100 and T80) with the covariate effect of slaughter weight, which consisted of balanced diets fulfilling 100 or 80 % of the requirements of lysine established by the NRC. When they reached a live weight of 25 kg, they were slaughtered in a municipal slaughterhouse and the main parameters used to determine the quality of the carcass and meat were evaluated. The treatment effect did not show statistically significant differences (p>0.05) for most of the variables except for the b* color value and Hue tone. Reducing up to 80% of the amount of lysine recommended by the NRC for commercial pigs in the diet does not affect the quality of the carcass and meat in growing Mexican Hairless pigs.En la presente investigación se evaluó el efecto en la calidad de la canal y carne de cerdos Pelón Mexicano en crecimiento alimentados con la inclusión del 100 y 80 % de los requerimientos de lisina recomendados por el NRC (2012) en la dieta. Se utilizaron 8 lechones de 12±1.28 kg de raza Pelón Mexicano de distribuidos completamente al azar en dos tratamientos (T100 y T80) con efecto de covariable el peso al sacrificio, que consistieron en dietas balanceadas cumpliendo el 100 o el 80 % de los requerimientos de lisina establecidos por el NRC. Cuando alcanzaron un peso vivo de 25 kg, fueron sacrificados en rastro y se evaluaron los principales parámetros utilizados para determinar la calidad de la canal y carne. El efecto del tratamiento no mostró diferencias estadísticas significativas (p>0.05) para la mayoría de las variables a excepción del valor de color b* y el tono Hue. Reducir en la dieta hasta un 80% de la cantidad de lisina recomendada por el NRC para cerdos comerciales, en los cerdos Pelón Mexicano en crecimiento no se afecta la calidad de la canal y carne.Na presente investigação, avaliou-se o efeito sobre a qualidade da carcaça e da carne de suínos mexicanos sem pêlo em crescimento alimentados com a inclusão de 100 e 80% dos requisitos de lisina recomendados pelo NRC (2012) na dieta. Foram utilizados oito leitões de 12 ± 1,28 kg da raça Pelón Mexicano, distribuídos totalmente ao acaso em dois tratamentos (T100 e T80) com efeito covariável do peso de abate, que consistiu em dietas balanceadas atendendo 100 ou 80% das exigências. lisina estabelecida pelo NRC. Ao atingirem o peso vivo de 25 kg, foram abatidos no abate e avaliados os principais parâmetros utilizados para determinar a qualidade da carcaça e da carne. O efeito do tratamento não apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p>0,05) para a maioria das variáveis, exceto para o valor de cor b* e tom Hue. Reduzir até 80% da quantidade de lisina recomendada pelo NRC para suínos comerciais na dieta não afeta a qualidade da carcaça e da carne em suínos Mexicanos Pelados em crescimento

    Efeito do tamanho e sexo dos suínos no início da fase de terminação sobre os indicadores produtivos no final da engorda

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    The effect of segregation by sex and size at the start of the growing-finishing stage on traits at the end of the fattening and at slaughter was studied in commercial pigs, 121 Danbreed×Pietrain pigs were used, entire males and females. They were divided in good and bad males, and good and bad female groups (G). They were housed in 9 m2 pens. The pigs received clean, fresh water, and ad libitum food and water. The initial weight varied from 12.4±2.0 to 25.3±2.3 kg. The target weight was 115 kg. Fattening was divided into growth (0-60 d) and finishing phases (60-120 d). The response variables were initial (P1), intermediate (P2), and final weight (P3); total feed intake (CMD); daily weight gain between P1 and P2 (GDP1y2), P2 and P3 (GDP2y3), and P1 and P3 (GDP1y3); and feed conversion ratio (CA). The pigs that reached the target weight in 114 d were termed "first quality", the "second quality" in 122 d, the "underachievers" did not reach this weight in 122 d. The GLM procedure of SAS and statistical analysis with learning machines in R were used to analyze the of productive variables and to determine the factors affecting the quality of the pigs at the end of fattening. The females exceeded (P≤0.0263) the males by 2.72 kg and 0.05 kg d-1 for P2 and GDP1y2. The sex*G interaction affected (P≤0.0181) P3, GDP1y3, and GDP2y3. Sex of pig and G were not the most important factors to classify quality at the end of fattening. Regrouping pigs by sex and size at the beginning of the growth-finishing phase affected significantly the productive performance and indirectly influences quality at the end of fattening.El objetivo fue estudiar el efecto de la segregación por sexo y tamaño al iniciar el crecimiento-finalización en características al finalizar la etapa y al sacrificio en cerdos comerciales. Se utilizaron 121 cerdos Danbreed×Pietrain; hembras y machos enteros, clasificados por sexo y crecimiento en: machos buenos y malos y hembras buenas y malas. Los cerdos se alojaron en corrales de 9 m2. El agua y alimento fueron limpios, frescos y ad libitum. El peso inicial por grupo varió de 12.4±2.0 a 25.3±2.3 kg. El peso objetivo fue 115 kg. La engorda se dividió en crecimiento (0-60 d) y finalización (60-120 d). El peso vivo inicial (P1), intermedio (P2) y final (P3); consumo total de alimento (CMD); ganancia diaria de peso entre P1 y P2 (GDP1y2), P2 y P3 (GDP2y3), P1 y P3 (GDP1y3); y conversión alimenticia (CA) fueron las variables de respuesta. Los cerdos que llegaron al peso objetivo en 114 d se denominaron “primera calidad”, los de “segunda calidad” en 122 d, los “saldos” no lo alcanzaron en 122 d. El procedimiento GLM de SAS y análisis estadístico con máquinas de aprendizaje en R se utilizaron para determinar las variables productivas y los factores que influyen la calidad de los cerdos al finalizar la engorda. Las hembras superaron (P≤0.0263) a los machos por 2.72 kg y 0.05 kg día-1 para P2 y GDP1y2. La interacción macho*malo fue significativa (P≤0.0181) para P3, GDP1y3 y GDP2y3. El sexo y grupo de crecimiento no fueron factores importantes para determinar la calidad al finalizar la engorda. Reagrupar los cerdos por sexo y tamaño al iniciar la fase crecimiento-finalización afecta significativamente el comportamiento productivo e influye indirectamente la calidad al finalizar la engorda.O efeito da segregação por sexo e tamanho no início da fase de crescimento-terminação nas características no final da engorda e no abate foi estudado em suínos comerciais, foram utilizados 121 suínos Danbreed×Pietrain, todos machos e fêmeas. Eles foram divididos em grupos de machos bons e maus e grupos de fêmeas boas e más (G). Eles foram alojados em baias de 9 m2. Os suínos receberam água limpa e fresca e comida e água ad libitum. O peso inicial variou de 12,4±2,0 a 25,3±2,3 kg. O peso-alvo era de 115 kg. A engorda foi dividida em fases de crescimento (0-60 d) e terminação (60-120 d). As variáveis de resposta foram peso inicial (P1), intermediário (P2) e final (P3); consumo total de ração (CMD); ganho de peso diário entre P1 e P2 (GDP1y2), P2 e P3 (GDP2y3) e P1 e P3 (GDP1y3); e razão de conversão alimentar (CA). Os suínos que atingiram o peso alvo em 114 d foram denominados de "primeira qualidade", os de "segunda qualidade" em 122 d, os "underachievers" não atingiram esse peso em 122 d. O procedimento GLM de SAS e análise estatística com máquinas de aprendizagem em R foram utilizados para analisar as variáveis produtivas e determinar os fatores que afetam a qualidade dos suínos no final da engorda. As fêmeas excederam (P≤0,0263) os machos em 2,72 kg e 0,05 kg d-1 para P2 e GDP1y2. A interação sexo*G afetou (P≤0,0181) P3, GDP1y3 e GDP2y3. O sexo do porco e o G não foram os fatores mais importantes para classificar a qualidade no final da engorda. O reagrupamento dos suínos por sexo e tamanho no início da fase de terminação afeta significativamente o desempenho produtivo e influencia indiretamente a qualidade no final da engorda

    Evaluation of Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Exposed In Vitro to Neonicotinoid Insecticides News

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    Calypso (thiacloprid), Poncho (clothianidin), Gaucho (imidacloprid), and Jade (imidacloprid) are commercial neonicotinoid insecticides, a new class of agrochemicals in México. However, genotoxic and cytotoxic studies have not been performed. In the present study, human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were exposed in vitro to different concentrations of the four insecticides. The genotoxic and cytotoxic effects were evaluated using the alkaline comet and trypan blue dye exclusion assays. DNA damage was evaluated using two genotoxicity parameters: tail length and comet frequency. Exposure to 9.5 × 10−6 to 5.7 × 10−5 M Jade; 2.8 × 10−4 to 1.7 × 10−3 M Gaucho; 0.6 × 10−1 to 1.4 × 10−1 M Calypso; 1.2 × 10−1 to 9.5 × 10−1 M Poncho for 2 h induced a significant increase DNA damage with a concentration-dependent relationship. Jade was the most genotoxic of the four insecticides studied. Cytotoxicity was observed in cells exposed to 18 × 10−3 M Jade, 2.0 × 10−3 M Gaucho, 2.0 × 10−1 M Calypso, 1.07 M Poncho, and cell death occurred at 30 × 10−3 M Jade, 3.3 × 10−3 M Gaucho, 2.8 × 10−1 M Calypso, and 1.42 M Poncho. This study provides the first report of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in PBL following in vitro exposure to commercial neonicotinoid insecticides

    Estado del Clima en Argentina 2022 : reporte final

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    Fil: Skansi, María de los Milagros. Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Dirección Nacional de Ciencia e Innovación en Productos y Servicios. Dirección Central de Monitoreo del Clima; Argentina.El presente reporte del Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (SMN) realiza una evaluación de las condiciones climáticas que afectaron a la Argentina durante 2022. El 2022 fue levemente más cálido que el promedio. Se situó entre los 20 años más cálidos desde 1961 pero entre los más fríos de la última década. Se caracterizó por comenzar y terminar con con- diciones extremadamente calurosas, y por un período anormalmente frío durante el otoño e inicio del invierno. En las estaciones antárticas también se registraron temperaturas mayores que el promedio

    Analysis of immunization time, amplitude, and adverse events of seven different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 across four different countries

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    BackgroundScarce information exists in relation to the comparison of seroconversion and adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Our aim was to correlate the magnitude of the antibody response to vaccination with previous clinical conditions and AEFI.MethodsA multicentric comparative study where SARS-CoV-2 spike 1-2 IgG antibodies IgG titers were measured at baseline, 21-28 days after the first and second dose (when applicable) of the following vaccines: BNT162b2 mRNA, mRNA-1273, Gam-COVID-Vac, Coronavac, ChAdOx1-S, Ad5-nCoV and Ad26.COV2. Mixed model and Poisson generalized linear models were performed.ResultsWe recruited 1867 individuals [52 (SD 16.8) years old, 52% men]. All vaccines enhanced anti-S1 and anti-S2 IgG antibodies over time (p<0.01). The highest increase after the first and second dose was observed in mRNA-1273 (p<0.001). There was an effect of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection; and an interaction of age with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, Gam-COVID-Vac and ChAdOx1-S (p<0.01). There was a negative correlation of Severe or Systemic AEFI (AEs) of naïve SARS-CoV-2 subjects with age and sex (p<0.001); a positive interaction between the delta of antibodies with Gam-COVID-Vac (p=0.002). Coronavac, Gam-COVID-Vac and ChAdOx1-S had less AEs compared to BNT162b (p<0.01). mRNA-1273 had the highest number of AEFIs. The delta of the antibodies showed an association with AEFIs in previously infected individuals (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe magnitude of seroconversion is predicted by age, vaccine type and SARS-CoV-2 exposure. AEs are correlated with age, sex, and vaccine type. The delta of the antibody response only correlates with AEs in patients previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2.Registration numberClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05228912

    Desarrollo municipal. Una visión contemporánea

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    Para los estudiosos y el público interesado en los asuntos municipales, 2013 fue un año emblemático porque se cumplieron tres décadas de la reforma al artículo 115 constitucional, precepto que sustancia la vida institucional de los municipios mexicanos. La vida municipal, merced a este periodo, se ha revitalizado, aunque de manera diferenciada entre caso y caso, pues la heterogeneidad económica, política y social persiste, así como sus efectos adversos, sobre los municipios más rezagados; ello es recordatorio de las deudas pendientes del Estado con esta expresión local. Tal revitalización ha alcanzado a la discusión académica con un resultado exuberante en producción editorial que da cuenta de significativos cambios en la vida asociada
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