ESTUDIO DE FOBIAS Y RESTRICCIONES ALIMENTARIAS EN ANOREXIA NERVIOSA

La anorexia nerviosa es un trastorno psiquiátrico con una estrecha relación con la nutrición, ya que el patrón alimentario se ve afectado por la enfermedad, que se caracteriza por la búsqueda de la delgadez extrema. Ante la falta de estudios sobre el los hábitos alimentarios en la anorexia, se decidió analizar el patrón alimentario en anorexia nerviosa mediante un cuestionario diseñado por la autora en el que se pregunta a 35 pacientes sobre el grado de temor y de consumo hacia alimentos de todos los grupos, así como sobre técnicas culinarias. En los resultados se observa que, además de existir claras fobias alimentarias, el temor ante los alimentos no condiciona directamente su consumo, dependiendo éste de otras variables externas. Además, este temor no sólo está influenciado por la composición de los alimentos o contenido graso, sino también por mitos, falsas creencias y el modo de cocinado los alimentos. También se ha realizado un análisis en profundidad del temor ante todos los grupos de alimentos, estudiando las diferencias entre ellos. Esta restricción alimentaria, más la constante búsqueda de la delgadez que presentan, termina derivando en un bajo peso y en un desequilibrio en su alimentación, siendo este por debajo del necesario para mantener el crecimiento y desarrollo.A pesar de que los resultados del análisis de la relación entre el grado de temor y el diagnóstico específico no hayan sido estadísticamente significativos, sería interesante profundizar en la diferencia de temor según el tipo de anorexia que padecen las pacientes, ya que parece haber posibles discrepancias. Además, el estudio de estas fobias es crucial para el abordaje de estas pacientes, cuyo tratamiento es complejo y de larga evolución, en el que el papel del nutricionista es indispensable para el correcto manejo multidisciplinar.<br /

Sea level data archaeology: Tsunamis and Seiches and other phenomena.

An enormous work of data recovery is being made at the historical records of IEO tide gauges. The main objective is to avoid losses due to paper records damages and facilitate an easy access to information. In addition, a future digitalisation of near-continuous data will permit to identify high-frequencies signals like tsunamis or seiches. Identification and study importance of these phenomena is closely related with their possible impacts on coast: floodings, economical losses, etc. As example, a previous analysis of the tsunami associated to Algeria earthquake on 21-may -2003 is show

A chromosome-level genome assembly enables the identification of the follicule stimulating hormone receptor as the master sex-determining gene in the flatfish Solea senegalensis

Sex determination (SD) shows huge variation among fish and a high evolutionary rate, as illustrated by the Pleuronectiformes (flatfishes). This order is characterized by its adaptation to demersal life, compact genomes and diversity of SD mechanisms. Here, we assembled the Solea senegalensis genome, a flatfish of great commercial value, into 82 contigs (614 Mb) combining long- and short-read sequencing, which were next scaffolded using a highly dense genetic map (28,838 markers, 21 linkage groups), representing 98.9% of the assembly. Further, we established the correspondence between the assembly and the 21 chromosomes by using BAC-FISH. Whole genome resequencing of six males and six females enabled the identification of 41 single nucleotide polymorphism variants in the follicle stimulating hormone receptor (fshr) consistent with an XX/XY SD system. The observed sex association was validated in a broader independent sample, providing a novel molecular sexing tool. The fshr gene displayed differential expression between male and female gonads from 86 days post-fertilization, when the gonad is still an undifferentiated primordium, concomitant with the activation of amh and cyp19a1a, testis and ovary marker genes, respectively, in males and females. The Y-linked fshr allele, which included 24 nonsynonymous variants and showed a highly divergent 3D protein structure, was overexpressed in males compared to the X-linked allele at all stages of gonadal differentiation. We hypothesize a mechanism hampering the action of the follicle stimulating hormone driving the undifferentiated gonad toward testisEuropean Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement (AQUA-FAANG). Grant Number: 81792. Junta de Andalucía-FEDER Grant. Grant Number: P20-00938. Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, FEDER Grants. Grant Numbers: RTI2018-096847-B-C21, RTI2018-096847-B-C22S

Ingeniería Geológica en Terrenos Volcánicos. Métodos, Técnicas y Experiencias en las Islas Canarias

La presente obra es un compendio de conceptos, metodologías y técnicas útiles para acometer proyectos y obras en terrenos volcánicos desde el punto de vista de la ingeniería geológica y la geotecnia. El libro se presenta en tres partes diferenciadas. La primera es conceptual y metodológica, con capítulos que tratan sobre la clasificación de las rocas volcánicas con fines geotécnicos, la caracterización geomecánica, los problemas geotécnicos y constructivos asociados a los distintos materiales, y una guía metodológica para la redacción de informes geotécnicos para la edificación. La segunda parte aborda las aplicaciones a obras de ingeniería, incluyendo deslizamientos, obras subterráneas,infraestructuras marítimas y obras públicas. La tercera parte recoge capítulos dedicados a describir distintos casos prácticos de obras y proyectos en los que la problemática geotécnica en terrenos volcánicos ha tenido un papel relevante. Los capítulos han sido elaborados por técnicos y científicos de reconocido prestigio en el campo de la ingeniería geológica en terrenos volcánicos, que han plasmado en ellos sus conocimientos y experiencias en la materia.Los editores y autores de parte de los capítulos del libro, los Doctores Luis E. Hernández Gutiérrez (Geólogo) y Juan Carlos Santamarta Cerezal (Ingeniero de Montes, Civil y Minas), son los responsables del grupo de investigación INGENIA (Ingeniería Geológica, Innovación y Aguas). Su actividad investigadora comprende más de 200 publicaciones en el área de la ingeniería geológica, la geotecnia, medio ambiente y el aprovechamiento del agua en islas y terrenos volcánicos. En relación a la docencia han impartido y dirigido más de 90 seminarios y cursos de especialización a nivel nacional e internacional, incluyendo la organización de 4 congresos internacionales. Fueron premiados por la Universidad de La Laguna en los años 2012, 2013 y 2014 por su calidad docente e innovación universitaria, y son pioneros en los laboratorios virtuales para la enseñanza de la ingeniería. Participan activamente como profesores colaboradores e investigadores en varias universidades e instituciones españolas e internacionales. Todas sus publicaciones están disponibles en internet, con libre acceso. Ingeniería geológica en terrenos volcánicos, es una obra de gran interés para, consultores, técnicos de administraciones públicas, proyectistas y demás profesionales implicados en obras y proyectos de infraestructuras en terrenos volcánicos; también es útil para académicos y estudiantes de ingeniería o ciencias geológicas que quieran investigar o iniciarse en las singularidades que presentan los materiales volcánicos en la edificación o en la ingeniería civil y minera

Phylogenetic inferences on West Mediterranean Ditomina (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini) based on molecular data

Ditomina is a subtribe of ground beetles included in the large tribe Harpalini, with most species restricted to the Mediterranean basin. To date, affinities within Harpalini have mainly been derived from morphological data, and the placement of several genera within Ditomina has been subject to discussion. In this study we provide a regional molecular phylogeny for Ditomina with representatives from seven of the eight known genera from the West Mediterranean region, the Australian Phorticosomus Schaum, 1862, and selected Harpalini outgroup taxa. DNA sequences from two different markers, the mitochondrial protein coding gene cox1 and the nuclear gene ITS2, were sequenced and analysed from 19 taxa. Molecular phylogenetic analyses consistently support (i) the sister relationship of genera Carterus Dejean, 1830 and Eocarterus Stichel, 1923; (ii) a close relationship among Ditomus Bonelli, 1810, Tschitscherinellus Csiki, 1906 and Odontocarus Solier, 1835, which form a lineage well separated from Dixus Billberg, 1820; and (iii) the exclusion of Graniger Motschulsky, 1864 and the Australian Phorticosomus from the subtribe Ditomina. In addition, phylogenetic trees indicate a vicariance event for the brachypterous genus Eocarterus on both sides of the Strait of Gibraltar, followed by further geographical differentiation in southern Iberia and northern Morocco. This pattern contrasts with the distribution of various fully winged species of ground beetles on both sides of the same barrier, suggesting the role of dispersal limitation in speciation. Finally, a new key to supraspecific taxa of the Ditomina of the West Mediterranean region is provided.This study was supported during the last decade by projects from the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (CGL2006-06706/BOS), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CGL2009-10906/BOS), MINECO (CGL2015-74178-JIN), and Fundación Séneca de Murcia (00595/PI/08 and 19908/GERM/15).Peer reviewe

Evaluación de la percepción del impacto de proyectos de desarrollo local de tipo económico implementados en el territorio de Cienfuegos. Estudio de caso.

La evaluación del impacto constituye un momento determinante dentro del ciclo de proyectos de desarrollo. Se propuso una metodología orientada a evaluar, desde un enfoque integral y sistémico, cómo se percibe el impacto de proyectos de desarrollo local de tipo económico en las dimensiones del desarrollo territorial. Se utilizaron criterios de evaluación contextualizados a exigencias de la gestión de proyectos e incluyó el análisis de la concertación de los actores implicados, considerando retos y objetivos estratégicos desde una perspectiva territorial. La concepción metodológica contribuye a fundamentar planes de acción para mejorar problemáticas identificadas en la evaluación

Decreased tubulin synthesis in synoviocytes from adjuvant-induced arthritic rats

The first microscopical alterations along adjuvant arthritis induction in rats seem to appear in the synovium. We have studied the protein synthesis pattern of the cells constitutively present in synovial membrane (synoviocytes) and have found an impairment of synthesis of some protein when synoviocytes are derived from adjuvant arthritic rats. One of these polypeptides was identified β tubulin by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, a membrane transfer assay using a specific monoclonal antibody and peptide mapping. We postulate that a repressed synthesis of tubulin may be an initial step in the triggering of the disease, since the effect was evident at pre-arthritis stages, when infiltration by inflammatory cells had not yet occurred.This work was supported: DGICYT PB87-0286 and FISS 88/172.Peer reviewe

Arsenic-induced stress activates sulfur metabolism in different organs of garlic (Allium sativum L.) plants accompanied by a general decline of the NADPH-generating systems in roots

Arsenic (As) contamination is a major environmental problem which affects most living organisms from plants to animals. This metalloid poses a health risk for humans through its accumulation in crops and water. Using garlic (Allium sativum L.) plants as model crop exposed to 200 μM arsenate, a comparative study among their main organs (roots and shoots) was made. The analysis of arsenic, glutathione (GSH), phytochelatins (PCs) and lipid peroxidation contents with the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate-glutathione cycle), and the main components of the NADPH-generating system, including glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH), NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-ICDH) was carried out. Data showed a correlation among arsenic accumulation in the different organs, PCs content and the antioxidative response, with a general decline of the NADPH-generating systems in roots. Overall, our results demonstrate that there are clear connections between arsenic uptake, increase of their As-chelating capacity in roots and a decline of antioxidative enzyme activities (catalase and the ascorbate peroxidase) whose alteration provoked As-induced oxidative stress. Thus, the data suggest that roots act as barrier of arsenic mediated by a prominent sulfur metabolism which is characterized by the biosynthesis of high amount of PCs.This work was supported by ERDF-cofinanced grants from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Recupera 2020-20134R056) and Junta de Andalucía (group BIO 192), Spain. MRR acknowledges a fellowship from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Spain. LC-ES/MS, and mineral analyses were carried out at the Instrumental Technical Services of the Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC)

Dietary palmitic acid promotes a prometastatic memory via Schwann cells

Fatty acid uptake and altered metabolism constitute hallmarks of metastasis(1,2), yet evidence of the underlying biology, as well as whether all dietary fatty acids are prometastatic, is lacking. Here we show that dietary palmitic acid (PA), but not oleic acid or linoleic acid, promotes metastasis in oral carcinomas and melanoma in mice. Tumours from mice that were fed a short-term palm-oil-rich diet (PA), or tumour cells that were briefly exposed to PA in vitro, remained highly metastatic even after being serially transplanted (without further exposure to high levels of PA). This PA-induced prometastatic memory requires the fatty acid transporter CD36 and is associated with the stable deposition of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation by the methyltransferase Set1A (as part of the COMPASS complex (Set1A/COMPASS)). Bulk, single-cell and positional RNA-sequencing analyses indicate that genes with this prometastatic memory predominantly relate to a neural signature that stimulates intratumoural Schwann cells and innervation, two parameters that are strongly correlated with metastasis but are aetiologically poorly understood(3,4). Mechanistically, tumour-associated Schwann cells secrete a specialized proregenerative extracellular matrix, the ablation of which inhibits metastasis initiation. Both the PA-induced memory of this proneural signature and its long-term boost in metastasis require the transcription factor EGR2 and the glial-cell-stimulating peptide galanin. In summary, we provide evidence that a dietary metabolite induces stable transcriptional and chromatin changes that lead to a long-term stimulation of metastasis, and that this is related to a proregenerative state of tumour-activated Schwann cells