Biopotraviny, biomed a pesticidy

Čas od času se v médiích objeví zpráva varující spotřebitele, že potraviny obsahují pesticidy. A jak je to možné, když mají být potraviny "ekologicky čisté". Loni to byla interpretace výsledků kontroly biopotravin v tržní síti, kterou zveřejnila Státní zemědělská a potravinářská inspekce. Letos dTest publikoval výsledky analýzy 17 vzorků medů odebraných z tržní sítě, z toho tři byly biomedy

Objective Evaluation Method for Chlorine Detector Tubes

A tristimulus colourimetric method for the evaluation of detection response of chlorine detector tubes has been developed. The method is based on the suction of chlorine through the respective tube, followed by objective evaluation of the colouration change by means of a reflectance spectrophotometer. This eliminates errors in evaluation and allows identification of further positive attributes of detector tubes (e.g. response time, limit of detection). The method is suitable for tubes produced by various manufacturers. Oritest, Dräger and Gastec tubes were selected and measured. The response time of tubes lasted up to 30 s. The limit of detection was lowered up to four times. Reflectance curves of tubes before and after colouration change were recorded. The method also created the possibility of quantitative measurement by non-quantitative detector tubes

Possible roles, positions, factors and components of dairying in organic farming – a rewiev, mapping, survey and comparison in the Czech Republic

The full-value experiment is questionable in evaluation organic dairying. It is problem to do a trial under comparable conditions for comparison of organic and conventional farming because of legislative reasons and necessity of long period of such event. Most of comparisons are carried out as practice descriptive observations and any of them has been carried out about milk production. That is main reason, why the aim of this work is to carry out a opening of monitoring of some production conditions and results of bio-dairying in the Czech Republic (CR). The quality aspects of sources, procedures and products are main topics of solution of projects about organic farming philosophy, in particular in solution of organic dairy foodstuff chain. There were choosen twelve organic dairy farms (survey II, 2006) for more detail research of production conditions according to results of exploratory questionnaire (2006, survey I, n = 85 pieces of questionnaire and 58 organic farms, which practicise dairying) in the CR. The climatology characteristics of selected organic dairy farms were as follows: (I) 562±149 m above sea level on the average (from 270 to 970 m a. s. l.); (II) 571.0±69.9 m above sea level, mean year temperature 6.0±1.1 ºC and average year rainfall sum 843.0±184.3 mm. It is clear according to previously mentioned figures that the organic (ecology) dairy farming is realized mostly in the mountain or sub-mountain areas (less favourable areas, LFAs) as compared to climatic conditions of CR mean profile. The results of investigation of organic farm (E) and breeder conditions and dairy cow health state, reproduction performance and milk quality in organic farms (I data file) as compared to conventional dairy cow herds (K) were: milk yield (E) was 14.2±3.4 kg of milk/cow/day on average and 5165±1112 kg/cow/year; E farms have 50 % free stables, some of them as different untraditional modifications (mostly in herds with low number of dairy cows); it is necessary to increase this amount for welfare improvement in the future; there are 52 % of binding stables in K herds; there (E) is high occurrence frequency of can milking equipments (46.4 %); there are 5.4 % cases of hand milking, 21.4 % of pipeline milking equipments and 26.8 % of milking parlours; there (K) are 3 % of can milking equipments, 50 % of pipeline milking equipments and 47 % of milking parlours; the average organic herd has 60±91 heads it means about 1/3 of K herd in the CR; geometrical average (xg) of organic herd size is 17 heads; daily milk deliveries were 1318±1475 kg in summer and 976±1368 kg in winter season (there is too high variability in the mentioned indicators); breed structure of E herds is 59.8 % of Bohemian Spotted cattle, 18.8 % of Holstein (H), 12.5 % of Jersey breed; H breed is dominating 47.5 % in K herds; average ratio of excluded milk (for secretion disorders or treatment) is 2.99 % in E herds and 4.6 % in K herds (P<0.01); also there (E) is lower occurrence of clinical mastitis 0.53±1.97 %; service period is 124.3 days in K and 98.7±46,1 days in E herds on average (P<0.01); there (E) is better insemination index 1.66±0.45 in comparison to K herds 2.07 (P<0.01); there is longer longevity as duration of production life of dairy cows in E herds (6.02 lactations, „about 141 % better”) in comparison to K herds (2.50 lactations, P<0.01); milk quality showed the average total mesophilic bacteria count (CPM) 36.0±26.8 ths. CFU/ml in organic farms (E), which is comparable to the conventional farms (K); somatic cell count (PSB) was 192±87 ths./ml in E herds and 256 ths./ml in K herds, which is in connection with the lower ratio of milk exclusion from delivery in E herds; an occurrence of residues of inhibitory substances (RIL) was not reported in E herds, which is more advantageous in comparison to the K herds (0.16 %) and it could be an impact of lowered antibiotica drug use; the average fat and lactose contents (T; 4.05±0.19 %) and (L; 4.83±0.15 %) are well comparable with K farms and the results show on higher energy deficiency in E herd nutrition. The water quality (II) is necessary in dairying as well. Drinking water is necessary for health of animals (their watering) and for milk quality (milking equipment sanitation) as well. Drinking water is asked in dairy farms by legislation. The E farm water quality: the nitrate level varied in the range from 1.63 to 28 mg/l with average 10.5 mg/l in ecological farms and standard limit 50 mg/l was not exceeded; the levels of nitrite and ammonia ions were mostly under detection limit of method; legislative limit <0.5 mg/l was not exceeded by nitrite and once by ammonia ions 0.81 mg/l. The microbiological indicators are more sensitive of course. In total the limits were exceeded 7× u in coliform bacteria, 3× in streptococci and Escherichia coli was confirmed 3× (in comparison to demand 0). Therefore it is necessary to take care of incidental water source sanitation. The effect of origin of water source (communal water pipes or own well in the organic farm area) which was used in the organic farming (II) was: the more marked result differences were not observed between own wells (S) and communal water supply (V) in E farms; an exception was stated in insignificantly better results of hygienic indicators of communal supply; therefore it is necessary to put the higher importance on sanitation of own water sources. There were identified eight own wells and four communal supply. E. g. nitrate levels were a little higher for wells 11.7 > 8.2 mg/l. The nitrites were not different. Chemical oxygen consumption was 0.45 and 0.52 mg/l. The more expressive differences were identified in chlorides, sulphates and Mg: 8.33 and 3.02 mg/l; 27.9 and 16.8 mg/l; 18.9 and 3.5 mg/l

Design of Automated Feeding of Semi-finished Products to the Workplace

Diplomová práce se zabývá návrhem automatizovaného podávání polotovarů do pracoviště. V první kapitole byla provedena analýza stávajícího řešení pracoviště a byly popsány operace, které na něm probíhají. V další části práce byla určena kritická místa pro automatizaci pracoviště a byly dohledány možné principy řešení této automatizace pracoviště. Z analýzy pracoviště byl poté sestaven požadavkový list. Na základě těchto požadavků byly vytvořeny možné varianty řešení automatizace pracoviště. Následně byla vybrána varianta, která nejlépe splňovala stanovená kritéria. Zvolená varianta řešení byla použita při tvorbě detailního 3D modelu způsobu manipulace se vstupním polotovarem a s ním souvisejícími uzly pracoviště. Modelování proběhlo v CAD systému SolidWorks 2020. Na základě vytvořeného detailního 3D modelu byla vytvořena technická dokumentace. Funkčnost navrženého pracoviště byla ověřena v simulaci v programu ABB RobotStudio.The diploma thesis deals with the design of an automated semi-finished product feeder. In the first chapter, an analysis of the existing solution of the workplace was performed and the operations that take place on it were described. In the next part of the work, critical points for workplace automation were identified and possible principles of solving this workplace automation were traced. Based on the analysis of the workplace, a request form was subsequently compiled. Based on these requirements, possible variants of workplace automation solutions were created. Subsequently, one variant was selected that best met the specified criteria. The selected variant of the solution was used in the creation of a detailed 3D model of the method of manipulation with the input semi-finished product and related workplace nodes. The modelling took place in the CAD system SolidWorks 2020. Based on the created 3D model, technical documentation was created. The functionality of the designed workplace was verified in a simulation in the RobotStudio program.354 - Katedra robotikyvelmi dobř

Simulation of Data Transmissions in Integrated Networks

Cílem této práce bylo rozebrat problematiku datových přenosů v integrovaných sítích se zaměřením na kvalitu služby. V práci jsou popsány různé síťové prvky, jejich funkce, výhody a nevýhody. Pozornost byla věnována také problematice neuronových sítí se zaměřením na analogii mezi biologickým neuronem a umělým neuronem. Další část práce byla věnována možnostem programu MATLAB pro simulace těchto sítí. Pro simulaci chování síťových prvků byl použit program OPNET IT Guru.The goal of this assignment was to analyze the issue of data transfer in integrated networks focusing on quality of service. The thesis describes the various network elements, their function, advantages and disadvantages. Attention was also paid to neural networks, with a focus on the analogy between biological neuron and the artificial neuron. Another part of paper was dedicated to the simulation possibilities of these network in MATLAB. To simulate the behavior of network elements was used OPNET IT Guru software.

Uncertainty of indirect measurement of air flow

Semestrální práce se zabývá nejistotami měření, především s ohledem na nepřímá měření. Jsou zde základní informace o této problematice. Dále je zde rozebrán a prakticky realizován výpočet nejistoty měření objemového průtoku vzduchu víceotvorové rychlostní sondy Annubar 485 dvěma způsoby. Prvním způsobem je výpočet nejistoty klasickou metodou a druhým způsobem je stanovení nejistoty pomocí metody Monte Carlo.This semestral project deals with the measurement uncertainties, especially with regard to indirect measurements. There are basic information about the issue. Then there is theoretically analyzed and practically implemented calculate the uncertainty volumetric air flow speed multiple hole probe Annubar 485 in two ways. The first way is to calculate the uncertainty of the classical method and the second method is the determination of uncertainty using Monte Carlo methods.

A COMPARISON OF SELECTED MILK INDICATORS IN ORGANIC HERDS WITH CONVENTIONAL HERD AS REFERENCE

In a historical sense, current organic farming is an old-new alternative under changed world conditions. Organic dairying (O) is an alternative of friendly use of the environment in time of presupposed global climate changes. Potential impact of organic farming on raw cow-milk quality, composition and properties, as conpared to conventional milk production (C), were evaluatedin this paper on the basis of selectedm ilk indicators (MIs). Total solids, whey volume, pH of milk fermentation ability (FAM-pH), FAM streptococci, FAM noble lactic acid bacteria, I and Cu were higher in C milk (P0.05) were observed in pH, rennet coagulation time, curd quality, FAM lactobacilli and streptococci/lactobacilli, Na, Mn and Zn. In general, the differences were a little more advantageous for O milk from both technological and nutritional point of view, particularly because of AS (0.461 .81m m), FAM-T (27.3 4.6 ) , Ca (1172 < l257 mg.kg-1)P, ( 950 < l004 mg. kg-1) and Mg 107.4<ll2.0mg.kg{) results. Organic milk can also produce better environment for yoghurt fermentation. Nevertheless, the results obtained should not be overestimated as both sources produced milk of good quality. Additional results are needed to prove organic milk benefits

Unconditional imprisonment

This thesis deals with the issue of imprisonment, which is the strictest penalty that our legal system uses. Although the possibility of alternative sanctions has extended widely in recent years, imprisonment still retains a very important position in the system of criminal sanctions, as it is a punishment that can be imposed for the commission of any crime. Imprisonment therefore remains and shall remain punishment designated primarily for the perpetrators of the most serious criminal activities. The aim of this work is to assess the current situation of the Czech prison system with regards to the relevant legal regulation of imprisonment, including problems associated to it. This thesis consists of seven chapters; each of them deals with various aspects of this form of punishment. The first chapter is devoted to theoretical issues of the concept and purpose of the punishment. There are two main approaches mentioned in the discussion about the purpose of punishment; the absolute theory and relative theory. Attention is also given to the purpose of punishment in the Czech legal regulation of criminal law. The second chapter deals with the historical perspective on the evolution of punishment and gradual enforcement of the imprisonment sentence in the criminal sanctions. This chapter then discusses...Tato diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou nepodmíněného trestu odnětí svobody, tedy nejpřísnější sankcí, kterou náš právní řád zná. Ačkoliv se v posledních letech hojně rozšiřuje možnost ukládání alternativních trestů, trest odnětí svobody si stále zachovává velmi významnou pozici v systému trestních sankcí, poněvadž se jedná o trest, který je možné uložit za spáchání jakéhokoliv trestného činu. Trest odnětí svobody tak zůstává a zůstane trestem určeným především pro pachatele té nejzávažnější trestné činnosti. Cílem této práce je s ohledem na relevantní právní úpravu nepodmíněného trestu odnětí svobody posoudit aktuální situaci v českém vězeňství, včetně problémů s ním spojených. Tato práce se skládá ze sedmi kapitol, z nichž každá pojednává o různém aspektu této formy trestu. První kapitola se věnuje teoretickým otázkám pojmu a účelu trestu. V rámci pojednání o účelu trestu jsou zmíněny dva hlavní přístupy k pojímání této otázky, a to teorie absolutní a teorie relativní. Pozornost je věnována i účelu trestu v české právní úpravě trestního práva. Druhá kapitola se věnuje historickému pohledu na vývoj v oblasti trestání a postupné prosazování se trestu odnětí svobody v systému trestních sankcí. V této kapitole jsou pak zmíněny i některé penologické systémy včetně jejich pohledu na nepodmíněný...Department of Criminal LawKatedra trestního právaPrávnická fakultaFaculty of La

Assessment of heterogeneous properties butt welds in laser welding and electron beam welding

Projekt vypracovaný v rámci inženýrského studia oboru Strojírenská technologie se zabývá svařováním dvou různých materiálů. Svary se provedou na vysoko pevnostní oceli Domex 420 MC a hlubokotažné oceli DC01 metodou svařování laserem a budou porovnány s metodou svařování elektronovým svazkem. Součástí práce je literární rešerše popisující základní fyzikální princip obou metod, jednotlivé typy laserů, vlastnosti svařovaného materiálu a kontrolu svarových spojů. V experimentální části byla provedena zkouška tahem, makroskopická a mikroskopická zkouška. Závěrem práce je vyhodnocení jednotlivých zkoušek.The project was developed within the engineering degree in engineering technology, and is focused in welding together of two different materials. Welds will be done on a high strength steel Domex 420 MC and deep drawing steel DC01 using laser welding, and will be compared with the method of electron beam welding. Part of this project is a scientific research describing the basic physical principles of both methods, different types of lasers, welding material properties and inspection of welds. In the experimental part was carried tensile test, macroscopic and microscopic examination. Finally, work is to evaluate the individual tests.

The Study of the Contract Award in Selected Company

Má bakalářská práce se zabývá zlepšením průběhu zakázky v podniku ELEKTROINSTAL NR s.r.o. tento podnik mi poskytl všechny potřebné informace k tomu, abych mohl analyzovat a popsat současný průběh zakázky. Následně podle zpracovaných analýz jsem představil návrhy, které můžou vést ke zlepšení nejen průběhu zakázky, ale celého prospěchu společnosti.My bachelor thesis deals with the improvement during the engagement in the company ELEKTROINSTAL NR s.r.o. This comapany provided me with all the information needed to be able to analyze and describe the current course of the contract. Subsequently, according to processing the analysis I presented proposals that may lead to improvements not only during the engagement, but the entire benefit of the company.