Operation of graphene quantum Hall resistance standard in a cryogen-free table-top system

We demonstrate quantum Hall resistance measurements with metrological accuracy in a small cryogen-free system operating at a temperature of around 3.8K and magnetic fields below 5T. Operating this system requires little experimental knowledge or laboratory infrastructure, thereby greatly advancing the proliferation of primary quantum standards for precision electrical metrology. This significant advance in technology has come about as a result of the unique properties of epitaxial graphene on SiC.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure

Heat propagation models for superconducting nanobridges at millikelvin temperatures

Nanoscale superconducting quantum interference devices (nanoSQUIDs) most commonly use Dayem bridges as Josephson elements to reduce the loop size and achieve high spin sensitivity. Except at temperatures close to the critical temperature T c, the electrical characteristics of these bridges exhibit undesirable thermal hysteresis which complicates device operation. This makes proper thermal analysis an essential design consideration for optimising nanoSQUID performance at ultralow temperatures. However the existing theoretical models for this hysteresis were developed for micron-scale devices operating close to liquid helium temperatures, and are not fully applicable to a new generation of much smaller devices operating at significantly lower temperatures. We have therefore developed a new analytic heat model which enables a more accurate prediction of the thermal behaviour in such circumstances. We demonstrate that this model is in good agreement with experimental results measured down to 100 mK and discuss its validity for different nanoSQUID geometries

DYNAMICS OF PERIODONTAL TISSUES MICROBIOCENOSIS UNDER THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF CATARRHAL GINGIVITIS AND CHRONIC GASTRODUODENITIS IN THE ADOLESCENTS

Background. The key links in the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal tissue diseases are the quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of the microflora of oral cavity, with the simultaneous deterioration of oral hygiene, reduction of local and general immunity, which occurs more often in the presence of somatic diseases. Objective. The aim of the research was to determine the clinical and microbiological efficacy of the developed treatment-prophylactic complex in the adolescents with catarrhal gingivitis and chronic gastroduodenitis before and after treatment. Methods. Changes were made to and before the treatment of clinical parameters, gingival microbiocenosis of 38 adolescents with generalized catarrhal gingivitis and chronic gastroduodenitis aged 12-18 years old, who comprised the main group. In the comparison group 25 adolescents of similar age diagnosed with generalized catarrhal gingivitis without any somatic diseases were involved. Results. It has been established that used combination (drug of plant origin with antimicrobial properties + dental gel with Metronidazole benzoate and Chlorhexidine digluconate + capsules of probiotics) yields the conventional treatment as well as exceeds it for examined clinical indicators and indexes. The treatment and prophylaxis with suggested complex have proved a significant positive effect on the gums microbiocenosis in adolescents with generalized catarrhal gingivitis and underlying concomitant gastroduodenitis. Conclusions. The suggested therapeutic and prophylactic complex provides a reduction in the massiveness and colonization frequency of the gum mucosa by pathogenic aerobic microflora (β-hemolytic streptococcus, golden staphylococcus, and yeast-like Candida fungi)

Restoration of normal occlusal relations in the complex treatment of patients with generalized periodontitis and bounded edentulous spaces

The aim of the work is to restore occlusal relations during the orthopedic stages of complex treatment in patients with chronic course of generalized periodontitis (GP) of the І and ІІ degree and bounded edentulous spaces using the “T-Scan” system to achieve stable disease. Materials and methods. A total of 55 patients aged from 20 to 44 years old were examined, including 20 persons with oral health and occlusal equilibration and 35 patients with GP in its chronic phase of the I and II degree presenting with Kennedy classes III and IV partially edentulous situation (1–3). After evaluation of the dental occlusion relationships, all patients were performed a complex treatment of GP by selective grinding or occlusal surface adjustment with a composite material under the control of the apparatus “T-Scan III”, achieving the most correct distribution of occlusal contacts. At the same time, the local instrumental and medical treatment using antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drugs and medicines with systemic effect orally to correct metabolic disorders. This was followed by the orthopedic treatment, restoring the dentition defects with fixed metal-ceramic structures under the control of the “T-Scan III” system. The results of therapy were evaluated immediately, after 6 and 12 months. Results. We have confirmed that the normal masticating pressure between the left and right parts of the dentofacial system is distributed evenly. However, we have found out, that there are not always ideal occlusion relationships, and the variation range is (48.7 to 51.3) ± 0.24 % in healthy persons. At the stages of orthopedic treatment, and especially fitting denture with the help of the “T-Scan III” system, we have reached the norm determined by us, striving for perfection. The state of periodontium and occlusion achieved after the complex treatment, remained for more than 12 months, that was confirmed by clinico-radiological data. Conclusions. Restoration of normal occlusal relations under the control of the “T-Scan III” system contributed to rapid GP remission during the orthopedic stages of complex treatment in patients with GP and bounded edentulous spaces after initial and medicamentous periodontal therapy and provided prevention of various complications and long-term stabilization of the pathological process in the periodontium

City branding in Russia: Main trends, problems and development prospects

© 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, London.The article reveals the need for branding Russian cities. Branding is considered as a basis for economic development of the city and the region. The special attention is paid to perception of brand by inhabitants and tourists. The paper considers the main advantages of steady brand creation as well as the problems that can arise

Вплив іонів свинцю на біосинтетичну спроможність штаму Streptomyces recifensis var. lyticus 2p-15

The influence of different concentrations of Pb ions on biosynthetical ability of Streptomyces recifensis var. lyticus 2P-15, which is the producer of compound complex of extracellular enzymes and growth stimulators, was studied. It has been showed, that Pb ions introduced in agar medium have had a stimulative effect on production of surface and depth mycelia. The Pb ions, which have been inoculated into liquid fermentative medium in concentration of 1,0–2,0 mg/l realized directed synthesis of bacterio- and proteolytic enzymes, had an influence on qualitative and quantitative composition of produced enzymes.Досліджено вплив різних концентрацій іонів свинцю на біосинтетичні властивості штаму Streptomyces recifensis var. lyticus 2Р-15 – продуцента складного комплексу екстрацелюлярних ферментів і стимулятора росту. Показано, що іони свинцю, які вносились у тверде середовище, стимулюють утворення поверхневого міцелію та спорового посівного матеріалу. Іони свинцю, що вносились до складу рідкого ферментаційного середовища в концентрації 1,0–2,0 мг/л, стимулюють синтез бактеріо- та протеолітичних ферментів, впливаючи на кількісний і якісний склад синтезованих ферментів. The influence of different concentrations of Pb ions on biosynthetical ability of Streptomyces recifensis var. lyticus 2P-15, which is the producer of compound complex of extracellular enzymes and growth stimulators, was studied. It has been showed, that Pb ions introduced in agar medium have had a stimulative effect on production of surface and depth mycelia. The Pb ions, which have been inoculated into liquid fermentative medium in concentration of 1,0–2,0 mg/l realized directed synthesis of bacterio- and proteolytic enzymes, had an influence on qualitative and quantitative composition of produced enzymes