LEXCONN: a French Lexicon of Discourse Connectives

International audienceWith respect to discourse organisation, the most basic way of signalling the speaker's or writer's intentions is to use explicit lexical markers: so-called discourse markers or discourse connectives. While a lexicon of discourse connectives associated with the relations they express can be very useful for researchers, especially in Natural Language Processing, few projects aim at collecting them exhaustively, and only in a small number of languages. We present LEXCONN, a French lexicon of 328 discourse connectives, collected with their syntactic categories and the discourse relations they convey, and the methodology followed to build this resource. The lexicon has been constructed manually, applying systematic connective and relation identification criteria, using the Frantext corpus as empirical support. Each connective has been associated to a relation within the framework of Segmented Discourse Representation Theory. We make a case for a few refinements in the theory, based on cases where no existing relation seemed to match a connective's usage

Towards a Discourse Relation Algebra for Comparing Discourse Structures

International audienceWe propose a methodology for building discourse relations inference rules, to be integrated into an algebra of these relations. The construction of these rules has as main objective to allow for the calculation of the discourse closure of a structure, i.e. deduce all the discourse relations it implicitly contains. Calculating the closure of discourse structures improves their comparison, in particular within the evaluation of discourse parsing systems. We present and illustrate the adopted methodology, taking as theoretical background the Segmented Discourse Representation Theory

Aligning Discourse and Argumentation Structures using Subtrees and Redescription Mining

International audienceIn this paper, we investigate similarities between discourse and argumentation structures by aligning subtrees in a corpus containing both annotations. Contrary to previous works, we focus on comparing sub-structures and not only relation matches. Using data mining techniques , we show that discourse and argumen-tation most often align well, and the double annotation allows to derive a mapping between structures. Moreover, this approach enables the study of similarities between discourse structures and differences in their expressive power

Vers le FDTB : French Discourse Tree Bank

National audienceWe present the first steps towards creating an annotated corpus for discourse in French : the French Discourse Treebank enriching the FTB. Our methodology is based on the Penn Discourse Treebank (PDTB), but it differs in at least two points of a theoretical nature. First, our goal is to provide full coverage of a text, while the PDTB provides only partial coverage, which can not be described as discourse analysis such as the one made in RST or SDRT, two major theories on discourse. Second, we were led to define a new hierarchy of discourse relations which is based on RST, SDRT and PDTB.Nous présentons les premiers pas vers la création d'un corpus annoté en discours pour le français : le French Discourse TreeBank enrichissant le FTB. La méthodologie adoptée s'inspire du Penn Discourse TreeBank (PDTB) mais elle s'en distingue sur au moins deux points à caractère théorique. D'abord, notre objectif est de fournir une couverture totale d'un texte du corpus, tandis que le PDTB ne fournit qu'une couverture partielle, qui ne peut donc pas être qualifiée d'analyse discursive comme celle faite en RST ou SDRT, deux théories majeures sur le discours. Ensuite, nous avons été amenés à définir une nouvelle hiérarchie des relations de discours qui s'inspire de RST, de SDRT et du PDTB

Alignement de Structures Argumentatives et Discursives par Fouille de Graphes et de Redescriptions

National audienceIn this paper, we investigate similarities between discourse and argumentation structures by aligning subtrees in a corpus containing both annotations. Contrary to previous works, we focus on comparing sub-structures and not only relation matches. Using data mining techniques , we show that discourse and argumen-tation most often align well, and the double annotation allows to derive a mapping between structures. Moreover, this approach enables the study of similarities between discourse structures and differences in their expressive power.Dans cet article, nous étudions la similarité entre structures argumen-tatives et discursives en alignant des sous-arbres dans un corpus annoté en RST et en structure argumentative. Contrairement aux travaux précédents, nous ne nous intéressons pas uniquement à un alignement relation à relation, mais à un alignement de sous-structures. À l'aide de méthodes de fouille de données, nous montrons que des similitudes existent entre l'argumentation et le discours. L'an-notation multiple du corpus permet également de proposer un alignement entre les structures. De plus, cette approche permet de mettre en évidence les diffé-rences d'expressivité des deux formalismes

Alignement de Structures Argumentatives et Discursives par Fouille de Graphes et de Redescriptions

National audienceIn this paper, we investigate similarities between discourse and argumentation structures by aligning subtrees in a corpus containing both annotations. Contrary to previous works, we focus on comparing sub-structures and not only relation matches. Using data mining techniques , we show that discourse and argumen-tation most often align well, and the double annotation allows to derive a mapping between structures. Moreover, this approach enables the study of similarities between discourse structures and differences in their expressive power.Dans cet article, nous étudions la similarité entre structures argumen-tatives et discursives en alignant des sous-arbres dans un corpus annoté en RST et en structure argumentative. Contrairement aux travaux précédents, nous ne nous intéressons pas uniquement à un alignement relation à relation, mais à un alignement de sous-structures. À l'aide de méthodes de fouille de données, nous montrons que des similitudes existent entre l'argumentation et le discours. L'an-notation multiple du corpus permet également de proposer un alignement entre les structures. De plus, cette approche permet de mettre en évidence les diffé-rences d'expressivité des deux formalismes

Aligning Discourse and Argumentation Structures using Subtrees and Redescription Mining

International audienceIn this paper, we investigate similarities between discourse and argumentation structures by aligning subtrees in a corpus containing both annotations. Contrary to previous works, we focus on comparing sub-structures and not only relation matches. Using data mining techniques , we show that discourse and argumen-tation most often align well, and the double annotation allows to derive a mapping between structures. Moreover, this approach enables the study of similarities between discourse structures and differences in their expressive power

Assessing the efficacy, safety and utility of closed-loop insulin delivery compared with sensor-augmented pump therapy in very young children with type 1 diabetes (KidsAP02 study): an open-label, multicentre, multinational, randomised cross-over study protocol

Introduction: Diabetes management in very young children remains challenging. Glycaemic targets are achieved at the expense of high parental diabetes management burden and frequent hypoglycaemia, impacting quality of life for the whole family. Our objective is to assess whether automated insulin delivery can improve glycaemic control and alleviate the burden of diabetes management in this particular age group. Methods and analysis: The study adopts an open-label, multinational, multicentre, randomised, crossover design and aims to randomise 72 children aged 1-7 years with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy. Following screening, participants will receive training on study insulin pump and study continuous glucose monitoring devices. Participants will be randomised to 16-week use of the hybrid closed-loop system (intervention period) or to 16-week use of sensor-augmented pump therapy (control period) with 1-4 weeks washout period before crossing over to the other arm. The order of the two study periods will be random. The primary endpoint is the between-group difference in time spent in the target glucose range from 3.9 to 10.0 mmol/L based on sensor glucose readings during the 16-week study periods. Analyses will be conducted on an intention-to-treat basis. Key secondary endpoints are between group differences in time spent above and below target glucose range, glycated haemoglobin and average sensor glucose. Participants' and caregivers' experiences will be evaluated using questionnaires and qualitative interviews, and sleep quality will be assessed. A health economic analysis will be performed. Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval has been obtained from Cambridge East Research Ethics Committee (UK), Ethics Committees of the University of Innsbruck, the University of Vienna and the University of Graz (Austria), Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of the University of Leipzig (Germany) and Comité National d'Ethique de Recherche (Luxembourg). The results will be disseminated by peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations

Assessing the effect of closed-loop insulin delivery from onset of type 1 diabetes in youth on residual beta-cell function compared to standard insulin therapy (CLOuD study): a randomised parallel study protocol.

INTRODUCTION:Management of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children and adolescents is challenging for patients, families and healthcare professionals. The objective of this study is to determine whether continued intensive metabolic control using hybrid closed-loop (CL) insulin delivery following diagnosis of T1D can preserve C-peptide secretion, a marker of residual beta-cell function, compared with standard multiple daily injections (MDI) therapy. METHODS AND ANALYSIS:The study adopts an open-label, multicentre, randomised, parallel design, and aims to randomise 96 participants aged 10-16.9 years, recruited within 21 days of diagnosis with T1D. Following a baseline mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT), participants will be randomised to receive 24 months treatment with conventional MDI therapy or with CL insulin delivery. A further 24-month optional extension phase will be offered to all participants to continue with the allocated treatment. The primary outcome is the between group difference in area under the stimulated C-peptide curve (AUC) of the MMTT at 12 months post diagnosis. Analyses will be conducted on an intention-to-treat basis. Key secondary outcomes are between group differences in time spent in target glucose range (3.9-10 mmol/L), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and time spent in hypoglycaemia (<3.9 mmol/L) at 12 months. Secondary efficacy outcomes include between group differences in stimulated C-peptide AUC at 24 months, time spent in target glucose range, glucose variability, hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia as recorded by periodically applied masked continuous glucose monitoring devices, total, basal and bolus insulin dose, and change in body weight. Cognitive, emotional and behavioural characteristics of participants and parents will be evaluated, and a cost-utility analysis performed to support adoption of CL as a standard treatment modality following diagnosis of T1D. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION:Ethics approval has been obtained from Cambridge East Research Ethics Committee. The results will be disseminated by peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER:NCT02871089; Pre-results