Reference manual for the Langley Research Center flight simulation computing system

The researchers at the Langley Research Center Flight Simulation Computing System are provided with an advanced real-time digital simulation capability. This capability is controlled at the user interface level by the Real Time Simulation Supervisor. The Supervisor is a group of subprograms loaded with a simulation application program. The Supervisor provides the interface between the application program and the operating system, and coordinates input and output to and from the simulation hardware. The Supervisor also performs various utility functions as required by a simulation application program

Water reuse for irrigated agriculture in Jordan: challenges of soil sustainability and the role of management strategies

Reclaimed water provides an important contribution to the water balance in water-scarce Jordan, but the quality of this water presents both benefits and challenges. Careful management of reclaimed water is required to maximize the nutrient benefits while minimizing the salinity risks. This work uses a multi-disciplinary research approach to show that soil response to irrigation with reclaimed water is a function of the management strategies adopted on the farm by the water user. The adoption of management methods to maintain soil productivity can be seen to be a result of farmers’ awareness to potentially plant-toxic ions in the irrigation water (70% of Jordan Valley farmers identified salinization as a hazard from irrigation with reclaimed water). However, the work also suggests that farmers’ management capacity is affected by the institutional management of water. About a third (35%) of farmers in the Jordan Valley claimed that their ability to manage salinization was limited by water shortages. Organizational interviews revealed that institutional awareness of soil management challenges was quite high (34% of interviewees described salinization as a risk from water reuse), but strategies to address this challenge at the institutional level require greater development

Role of Quantum Confinement in Luminescence Efficiency of Group IV Nanostructures

Experimental results obtained previously for the photoluminescence efficiency (PL$_{eff}$) of Ge quantum dots (QDs) are theoretically studied. A $\log$-$\log$ plot of PL$_{eff}$ versus QD diameter ($D$) resulted in an identical slope for each Ge QD sample only when $E_{G}\sim (D^2+D)^{-1}$. We identified that above $D\approx$ 6.2 nm: $E_{G}\sim D^{-1}$ due to a changing effective mass (EM), while below $D\approx$ 4.6 nm: $E_{G}\sim D^{-2}$ due to electron/ hole confinement. We propose that as the QD size is initially reduced, the EM is reduced, which increases the Bohr radius and interface scattering until eventually pure quantum confinement effects dominate at small $D$

Thermal Degradation Properties of Wood Reacted With Diethylchlorophosphate or Phenylphosphonic Dichloride as Potential Flame Retardants

Improved thermal degradation properties (an indication of improved flame-retardant properties) were observed when southern pine was reacted with either diethylchlorophosphate (DECP) or phenylphosphonic dichloride (PPDC). These two compounds may prove useful as flame retardants for wood. Thermal degradation was evaluated by thermogravimetric methods; the values were reduced slightly by extraction of the specimens with toluene or ethanol and water. When pyrolyzed in nitrogen, specimens of the reacted wood, extracted or unextracted, showed maximum rates of pyrolysis at lower temperatures and produced more char than control specimens

The relation of prosocial behavior to the development of aggression and psychopathology.

The development of prosocial behavior is traced from middle childhood to adulthood in a 22-year longitudinal study of 800 children first seen at age 8 and is compared to the development of aggression over the same period. Prosocial behavior and aggression seem to represent opposite ends of a single dimension of behavior since they are consistently negatively related to each other and relate in opposite ways to correlated variables both synchronously and over time. Both are stable forms of behavior with good predictability over the time span studied and both are related to the quality of the parent-child relationship. The most important deterrent to the development of antisocial behavior and the encouragement of prosocial behavior is probably a close identification between the child and hidher parents.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/83382/1/1984.Eron&Huesmann.RelatofProsocBehavtotheDevelofAggn&Psychopath.AggBehav.pd

Probe similarity and recognition of set membership: A parallel processing serial feature matching model

A model for memory scanning is proposed in which the encoded representation of a probe is compared in parallel with encoded representations of each item in the positive set. The within item matches are serial feature by feature comparisons that terminate when either a positive or negative criterion is reached. This model is shown to predict the results of a probe similarity experiment. The serial location of a similarity within an item affects negative reaction times, but the number of items in the positive set to which the probe is similar has no main effect. The model is also shown to yield predictions consonant with existing data on the relation between reaction times and set size and speed-accuracy trade offs.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/83371/1/1976.Huesmann&Woocher.ProbeSimilarity&Recognition.CognitPsych.pd

Spin-charge separation and Kondo effect in an open quantum dot

We study a quantum dot connected to the bulk by single-mode junctions at almost perfect conductance. Although the average charge $e\langle N \rangle$ of the dot is not discrete, its spin remains quantized: $s=1/2$ or $s=0$, depending (periodically) on the gate voltage. This drastic difference from the conventional mixed-valence regime stems from the existence of a broad-band, dense spectrum of discrete levels in the dot. In the doublet state, the Kondo effect develops at low temperatures. We find the Kondo temperature $T_K$ and the conductance at $T\lesssim T_K$.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

Intellectual functioning and aggression

In a 22-year study, data were collected on aggressiveness and intellectual functioning in more than 600 subjects, their parents, and their children. Both aggression and intellectual functioning are reasonably stable in a subject's lifetime and perpetuate themselves across generations and within marriage pairs. Aggression in childhood was shown to interfere with the development of intellectual functioning and to be predictive of poorer intellectual achievement as an adult. Early 1Q was related to early subject aggression but did not predict changes in aggression after age 8. On the other hand, differences between early IQ and intellectual achievement in middle adulthood were predictable from early aggressive behavior. A dual-process model was offered to explain the relation between intellectual functioning and aggressive behavior. We hypothesized that low intelligence makes the learning of aggressive responses more likely at an early age, and this aggressive behavior makes continued intellectual development more difficult.The research described here was supported by Grant MH-34410 to Leonard D. Eron and MH-38683 to L. Rowell Huesmann from the National Institute of Mental Health.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/83384/1/1987.Huesmann_etal.IntellectualFuncning&Aggr.JourofPersonality&SociPsych.pd

Murchison Widefield Array and XMM-Newton observations of the Galactic supernova remnant G5.9+3.1

In this paper we discuss the radio continuum and X-ray properties of the so-far poorly studied Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) G5.9+3.1. We present the radio spectral energy distribution (SED) of the Galactic SNR G5.9+3.1 obtained with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). Combining these new observations with the surveys at other radio continuum frequencies, we discuss the integrated radio continuum spectrum of this particular remnant. We have also analyzed an archival XMM-Newton observation, which represents the first detection of X-ray emission from this remnant. The SNR SED is very well explained by a simple power-law relation. The synchrotron radio spectral index of G5.9+3.1, is estimated to be 0.42$\pm$0.03 and the integrated flux density at 1GHz to be around 2.7Jy. Furthermore, we propose that the identified point radio source, located centrally inside the SNR shell, is most probably a compact remnant of the supernova explosion. The shell-like X-ray morphology of G5.9+3.1 as revealed by XMM-Newton broadly matches the spatial distribution of the radio emission, where the radio-bright eastern and western rims are also readily detected in the X-ray while the radio-weak northern and southern rims are weak or absent in the X-ray. Extracted MOS1+MOS2+PN spectra from the whole SNR as well as the north, east, and west rims of the SNR are fit successfully with an optically thin thermal plasma model in collisional ionization equilibrium with a column density N_H~0.80x$10^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$ and fitted temperatures spanning the range kT~0.14-0.23keV for all of the regions. The derived electron number densities n_e for the whole SNR and the rims are also roughly comparable (ranging from ~$0.20f^{-1/2}$ cm$^{-3}$ to ~$0.40f^{-1/2}$ cm$^{-3}$, where f is the volume filling factor). We also estimate the swept-up mass of the X-ray emitting plasma associated with G5.9+3.1 to be ~$46f^{-1/2}M_{\odot}$.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&

Quantum Algebras Associated With Bell States

The antisymmetric solution of the braided Yang--Baxter equation called the Bell matrix becomes interesting in quantum information theory because it can generate all Bell states from product states. In this paper, we study the quantum algebra through the FRT construction of the Bell matrix. In its four dimensional representations via the coproduct of its two dimensional representations, we find algebraic structures including a composition series and a direct sum of its two dimensional representations to characterize this quantum algebra. We also present the quantum algebra using the FRT construction of Yang--Baxterization of the Bell matrix.Comment: v1: 15 pages, 2 figures, latex; v2: 18 pages, 2 figures, latex, references and notes adde