The Potter's Wheel: Craft Specialization and Technical Competence

The book comprises two ethnoarchaeological studies whose aim is the construction of a reference knowledge for interpreting archaeological data, according to the principles of verification against empirical data. The first study deals with the concept of craft specialization. This is a commonly encountered concept since it describes the emergence of complex societies. The question is to find material critria significant of pottery specialization that are receivable from an epistemological point of view. With this purpose in mind, the authors conducted a study on apprenticeship in wheel throwing technique. Perceptual motor tests, potters' gestures and experimental products are studied. They show that the apprenticeship in throwing technique is necessarily long and difficult taking into account the motor activities which have to be developed. Based on this, the authors propose to associate the material fact "throwing technique" to the attribute "craft specialization". The second study is the construction of a techno-morphological taxonomy to evaluate the throwing difficulties of pre- and protohistoric ceramic vessels. The techno-morphological taxonomy is constructed on the basis of Indian potter's classification and explanations. The validity of the oral data is assessed by analysing an experimental production in terms of measures, manufacturing time, and thinning and shaping gestures. Then, the transcultural value of the taxinomy is discussed on the basis of an investigation with French potters

Endpoints and design of clinical trials in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: Position paper of the LiverHope Consortium

Clinical trials; Liver transplant; Quality of lifeEnsayos clínicos; Trasplante de hígado; Calidad de vidaAssaigs clínics; Trasplantament de fetge; Qualitat de vidaManagement of decompensated cirrhosis is currently geared towards the treatment of complications once they occur. To date there is no established disease-modifying therapy aimed at halting progression of the disease and preventing the development of complications in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. The design of clinical trials to investigate new therapies for patients with decompensated cirrhosis is complex. The population of patients with decompensated cirrhosis is heterogeneous (i.e., different etiologies, comorbidities and disease severity), leading to the inclusion of diverse populations in clinical trials. In addition, primary endpoints selected for trials that include patients with decompensated cirrhosis are not homogeneous and at times may not be appropriate. This leads to difficulties in comparing results obtained from different trials. Against this background, the LiverHope Consortium organized a meeting of experts, the goal of which was to develop recommendations for the design of clinical trials and to define appropriate endpoints, both for trials aimed at modifying the natural history and preventing progression of decompensated cirrhosis, as well as for trials aimed at managing the individual complications of cirrhosis

Multi residual analysis of 45 pesticides from beehive products: application of a simple extraction method

En este trabajo se presenta la aplicación de una metodología de extracción sencilla y rápida llamada QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) que ha sido utilizada fundamentalmente para el análisis de trazas de pesticidas en frutas y hortalizas, que con pequeñas modificaciones es adaptable tanto para el análisis de cera como miel. El solvente de extracción es acetonitrilo y la misma se realiza a temperatura ambiente agregando agua para miel y a 80°C en baño de agua para cera, luego se realiza una purificación que consiste en colocar el extracto en freezer a -20 °C durante 15 hs y filtrar. Una purificación más exhaustiva se logra agregando luego PSA (Primary and Secondary Amine). El método presentó recuperaciones entre 70 y 120 % con DSR menores a 20 % para más del 90 % de los pesticidas evaluados en ambas matrices analizados por LC-MS/MS.The application of a quick and simple methodology named QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) is presented. It has been mainly applied for the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables, but with small modifications is suitable for the analysis of beeswax and honey. The extraction is made with acetonitrile at room temperature adding water for honey and at 80 °C in water bath for beeswax, it is then followed by freeze-out clean-up (-20 °C in freezer for 15 hs). Further clean-up of the extract is achieved adding PSA (Primary and Secondary Amine) afterwards. The method presented recoveries in both matrices between 70 and 120 % with RSD below 20 % for more than 90 % of the evaluated pesticides analyzed by LC-MS/MS.Asociación de Universidades Grupo Montevide

Multi residual analysis of 45 pesticides from beehive products: application of a simple extraction method

En este trabajo se presenta la aplicación de una metodología de extracción sencilla y rápida llamada QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) que ha sido utilizada fundamentalmente para el análisis de trazas de pesticidas en frutas y hortalizas, que con pequeñas modificaciones es adaptable tanto para el análisis de cera como miel. El solvente de extracción es acetonitrilo y la misma se realiza a temperatura ambiente agregando agua para miel y a 80°C en baño de agua para cera, luego se realiza una purificación que consiste en colocar el extracto en freezer a -20 °C durante 15 hs y filtrar. Una purificación más exhaustiva se logra agregando luego PSA (Primary and Secondary Amine). El método presentó recuperaciones entre 70 y 120 % con DSR menores a 20 % para más del 90 % de los pesticidas evaluados en ambas matrices analizados por LC-MS/MS.The application of a quick and simple methodology named QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) is presented. It has been mainly applied for the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables, but with small modifications is suitable for the analysis of beeswax and honey. The extraction is made with acetonitrile at room temperature adding water for honey and at 80 °C in water bath for beeswax, it is then followed by freeze-out clean-up (-20 °C in freezer for 15 hs). Further clean-up of the extract is achieved adding PSA (Primary and Secondary Amine) afterwards. The method presented recoveries in both matrices between 70 and 120 % with RSD below 20 % for more than 90 % of the evaluated pesticides analyzed by LC-MS/MS.Asociación de Universidades Grupo Montevide

Multi residual analysis of 45 pesticides from beehive products: application of a simple extraction method

En este trabajo se presenta la aplicación de una metodología de extracción sencilla y rápida llamada QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) que ha sido utilizada fundamentalmente para el análisis de trazas de pesticidas en frutas y hortalizas, que con pequeñas modificaciones es adaptable tanto para el análisis de cera como miel. El solvente de extracción es acetonitrilo y la misma se realiza a temperatura ambiente agregando agua para miel y a 80°C en baño de agua para cera, luego se realiza una purificación que consiste en colocar el extracto en freezer a -20 °C durante 15 hs y filtrar. Una purificación más exhaustiva se logra agregando luego PSA (Primary and Secondary Amine). El método presentó recuperaciones entre 70 y 120 % con DSR menores a 20 % para más del 90 % de los pesticidas evaluados en ambas matrices analizados por LC-MS/MS.The application of a quick and simple methodology named QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) is presented. It has been mainly applied for the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables, but with small modifications is suitable for the analysis of beeswax and honey. The extraction is made with acetonitrile at room temperature adding water for honey and at 80 °C in water bath for beeswax, it is then followed by freeze-out clean-up (-20 °C in freezer for 15 hs). Further clean-up of the extract is achieved adding PSA (Primary and Secondary Amine) afterwards. The method presented recoveries in both matrices between 70 and 120 % with RSD below 20 % for more than 90 % of the evaluated pesticides analyzed by LC-MS/MS.Asociación de Universidades Grupo Montevide

Diversity in socioecological niches in the Andes (DISENIA): An isotope-based project

This new project is studying the diversity of socioecological niches across the agropastoral transition in the Andes, utilising a multi-isotope approach to track human territories and allocate subsistence tasks. During the agropastoral period, we discriminate different diachronic niches with varying extents of maize farming and altitudinal mobility.Fil: Barberena, Ramiro. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Laboratorio de Paleoecología Humana; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; ArgentinaFil: Tessone, Augusto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica; ArgentinaFil: Le Roux, Petrus. University of Cape Town; SudáfricaFil: Lucero, Gustavo. Universidad Católica de Temuco; ChileFil: Llano, Carina Lourdes. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Samec, Celeste Tamara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica; ArgentinaFil: Quintana, María Fernanda. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; ArgentinaFil: Mallea, Claudia. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Filosofía, Humanidades y Artes. Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo "Mariano Gambier"; ArgentinaFil: Gasco, Alejandra Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Laboratorio de Paleoecología Humana; ArgentinaFil: Guevara Batllori, María Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Museo de Ciencias Naturales y Antropológicas J. Cornelio Moyano; ArgentinaFil: Novellino, Paula Silvana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Museo de Ciencias Naturales y Antropológicas J. Cornelio Moyano; ArgentinaFil: Luyt, Julie. University of Cape Town; SudáfricaFil: Sealy, Judith. University of Cape Town; SudáfricaFil: Duran, Victor Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Laboratorio de Paleoecología Humana; Argentin

Mechanical strain stimulates COPII‐dependent secretory trafficking via Rac1

Cells are constantly exposed to various chemical and physical stimuli. While much has been learned about the biochemical factors that regulate secretory trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), much less is known about whether and how this trafficking is subject to regulation by mechanical signals. Here, we show that subjecting cells to mechanical strain both induces the formation of ER exit sites (ERES) and accelerates ER‐to‐Golgi trafficking. We found that cells with impaired ERES function were less capable of expanding their surface area when placed under mechanical stress and were more prone to develop plasma membrane defects when subjected to stretching. Thus, coupling of ERES function to mechanotransduction appears to confer resistance of cells to mechanical stress. Furthermore, we show that the coupling of mechanotransduction to ERES formation was mediated via a previously unappreciated ER‐localized pool of the small GTPase Rac1. Mechanistically, we show that Rac1 interacts with the small GTPase Sar1 to drive budding of COPII carriers and stimulates ER‐to‐Golgi transport. This interaction therefore represents an unprecedented link between mechanical strain and export from the ER

Supporting families managing childhood eczema:Developing and optimising Eczema Care Online using qualitative research

Background: childhood eczema is often poorly controlled due to under-use of emollients and topical corticosteroids. Parents/carers report practical and psychosocial barriers to managing their child’s eczema, including child resistance. Online interventions could potentially support parents/carers; however, rigorous research developing such interventions has been limited. Aim: to develop an online behavioural intervention to help parents/carers manage and co-manage their child’s eczema. Design and setting: Intervention development using a theory-, evidence- and Person-Based Approach with qualitative research. Methods: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis (32 studies) and interviews with parents/carers (N=30) were used to identify barriers and facilitators to effective eczema management, and a prototype intervention was developed. Think-aloud interviews with parents/carers (N=25) were then used to optimise the intervention to increase its acceptability and feasibility. Results: qualitative research identified that parents/carers had concerns about using emollients and topical corticosteroids; incomplete knowledge and skills around managing eczema; and reluctance to transitioning to co-managing eczema with their child. Think-aloud interviews highlighted that while experienced parents/carers felt they knew how to manage eczema, some information about how to use treatments was still new. Techniques for addressing barriers included: providing a rationale explaining how emollients and topical corticosteroids work; demonstrating how to use treatments; and highlighting that the intervention provided new, up-to-date information. Conclusions: parents/carers need support in effectively managing and co-managing their child’s eczema. The key output of this research is Eczema Care Online (ECO) for Families; an online intervention for parents/carers of children with eczema, which is being evaluated in a randomised trial

Demographic structure, diet and migration in the southern Andes: new analyses of the site Osario Potrero Las Colonias, Uspallata (Mendoza, Argentina)

Los análisis paleodemográficos e isotópicos ofrecen información contundentepara entender la com-posición y dinámica de los grupos humanos del pasadoyla variación dentro de la población en dietay rango geográfico. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivos reconstruir la estructura demográfica del sitioOsario Potrero Las Colonias, caracterizar la composición de la dieta de los individuos mediante isótoposestables (δ13Ccol,δ13Cap,δ15N) y su lugar de residencia a través de isótopos de estroncio (87Sr/86Sr).El sitioconsiste en una inhumación arqueológica múltiple ycuenta con fechas radiocarbónicas publicadas quelo posicionan en un período de cambios importantes de la historia regional (1320-1450 DC), relacionadocon un aumento demográfico y con la llegada del Imperio inka a su frontera sur (ca. 1400 DC).Lacom-posición demográfica del sitio da cuenta de un amplio grupo social en la región por la abundante cantidadde individuos enterrados, particularmente infantiles. Los resultados de87Sr/86Sr para una muestra aleatoriade siete individuos marcan que estos no fueron residentes en Uspallata los últimos años de su vida, sinoque se trataría de migrantes; mientras que losisótopos estables indican un consumo predominante derecursos C4. Estos resultados abren nuevas perspectivas de trabajo interdisciplinario para los Andes del sur.Palaeodemographic and isotopic analyses provide key information for understanding the composition and social dynamics of past human groups and within-population variation in diet and geographic range. The objectives of this study are to reconstruct the demographic structure of the Osario Potrero Las Colonias site, to strengthen its chronology and, by means of stable (δ13Ccol., δ13Cap., δ15N) and strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotopes, to assess the dietary composition and geographic place of residence of a random sample of individuals from the site. This is a multiple archaeological burial with radiocarbon dates between AD 1320 and 1450, which places it in a period of important changes in regional history, related to a demographic increase and the arrival of the Inka empire on its southern frontier (ca. AD 1400). The demographic composition of the site reveals a broad social group unique in the region due to the large number of individuals buried, especially young children. Strontium isotopes indicate that the sampled individuals did not reside in Uspallata during the last years of their lives, and hence can be considered migrants, while stable isotopes indicate a predominant consumption of C4 resources.Fil: Guevara Batllori, María Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Museo de Ciencias Naturales y Antropológicas J. Cornelio Moyano; ArgentinaFil: Novellino, Paula Silvana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Museo de Ciencias Naturales y Antropológicas J. Cornelio Moyano; ArgentinaFil: Barberena, Ramiro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; ArgentinaFil: Da Peña Aldao, Gabriela Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Museo de Ciencias Naturales y Antropológicas J. Cornelio Moyano; ArgentinaFil: Tessone, Augusto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica; ArgentinaFil: le Roux, Petrus. University of Cape Town; SudáfricaFil: Durán, Víctor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentin

Corrigendum: Investigating genetic diversity within the most abundant and prevalent non-pathogenic leaf-associated bacteria interacting with Arabidopsis thaliana in natural habitats

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