Emergence du travail collectif en réseau ambition réussite : l'exemple de la co-intervention devant élèves

Depuis le plan de relance de l'éducation prioritaire (2006), de nouvelles orientations pédagogiques et des moyens humains et financiers supplémentaires ont été alloués aux réseaux ambition réussite (RAR) pour accompagner les élèves en difficulté et réduire ainsi les inégalités scolaires. Ce qui a favorisé l'émergence de multiples formes de travail en équipe, dont la co-intervention en classe sur des projets disciplinaires ou transdisciplinaires. Ces espaces de travail collectif peuvent favoriser l'ouverture de l'horizon professionnel et l'acculturation des règles du métier. Encore faut-il clarifier et ordonner les différentes modalités possibles d'intervention en classe

Generalization of GLRT-Based Magnetic Anomaly Detection

International audienceMagnetic anomaly detection (MAD) refers to a passive method used to reveal hidden magnetic masses and is most commonly based on a dipolar target model. This paper proposes a generalization of the MAD through a multipolar model that provides a more precise description of the anomaly and serves a twofold objective: to improve the detection performance , and to widen the variety of detectable targets. The dipole detection strategy – namely an orthonormal decomposition of the anomaly followed by a generalized likelihood ratio test – is hence revisited in the multipolar case. The performance are assessed analytically and the relevance of this generalization is demonstrated on multipolar scenarios

Circulating adrenomedullin estimates survival and reversibility of organ failure in sepsis: the prospective observational multinational Adrenomedullin and Outcome in Sepsis and Septic Shock-1 (AdrenOSS-1) study

Background: Adrenomedullin (ADM) regulates vascular tone and endothelial permeability during sepsis. Levels of circulating biologically active ADM (bio-ADM) show an inverse relationship with blood pressure and a direct relationship with vasopressor requirement. In the present prospective observational multinational Adrenomedullin and Outcome in Sepsis and Septic Shock 1 (, AdrenOSS-1) study, we assessed relationships between circulating bio-ADM during the initial intensive care unit (ICU) stay and short-term outcome in order to eventually design a biomarker-guided randomized controlled trial. Methods: AdrenOSS-1 was a prospective observational multinational study. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included organ failure as defined by Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, organ support with focus on vasopressor/inotropic use, and need for renal replacement therapy. AdrenOSS-1 included 583 patients admitted to the ICU with sepsis or septic shock. Results: Circulating bio-ADM levels were measured upon admission and at day 2. Median bio-ADM concentration upon admission was 80.5 pg/ml [IQR 41.5-148.1 pg/ml]. Initial SOFA score was 7 [IQR 5-10], and 28-day mortality was 22%. We found marked associations between bio-ADM upon admission and 28-day mortality (unadjusted standardized HR 2.3 [CI 1.9-2.9]; adjusted HR 1.6 [CI 1.1-2.5]) and between bio-ADM levels and SOFA score (p < 0.0001). Need of vasopressor/inotrope, renal replacement therapy, and positive fluid balance were more prevalent in patients with a bio-ADM > 70 pg/ml upon admission than in those with bio-ADM ≤ 70 pg/ml. In patients with bio-ADM > 70 pg/ml upon admission, decrease in bio-ADM below 70 pg/ml at day 2 was associated with recovery of organ function at day 7 and better 28-day outcome (9.5% mortality). By contrast, persistently elevated bio-ADM at day 2 was associated with prolonged organ dysfunction and high 28-day mortality (38.1% mortality, HR 4.9, 95% CI 2.5-9.8). Conclusions: AdrenOSS-1 shows that early levels and rapid changes in bio-ADM estimate short-term outcome in sepsis and septic shock. These data are the backbone of the design of the biomarker-guided AdrenOSS-2 trial. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02393781. Registered on March 19, 2015

Suicidal Behavior and Depression in Smoking Cessation Treatments

BACKGROUND: Two treatments for smoking cessation--varenicline and bupropion--carry Boxed Warnings from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) about suicidal/self-injurious behavior and depression. However, some epidemiological studies report an increased risk in smoking or smoking cessation independent of treatment, and differences between drugs are unknown. METHODOLOGY: From the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) database from 1998 through September 2010 we selected domestic, serious case reports for varenicline (n = 9,575), bupropion for smoking cessation (n = 1,751), and nicotine replacement products (n = 1,917). A composite endpoint of suicidal/self-injurious behavior or depression was defined as a case with one or more Preferred Terms in Standardized MedDRA Query (SMQ) for those adverse effects. The main outcome measure was the ratio of reported suicide/self-injury or depression cases for each drug compared to all other serious events for that drug. RESULTS: Overall we identified 3,249 reported cases of suicidal/self-injurious behavior or depression, 2,925 (90%) for varenicline, 229 (7%) for bupropion, and 95 (3%) for nicotine replacement. Compared to nicotine replacement, the disproportionality results (OR (95% CI)) were varenicline 8.4 (6.8-10.4), and bupropion 2.9 (2.3-3.7). The disproportionality persisted after excluding reports indicating concomitant therapy with any of 58 drugs with suicidal behavior warnings or precautions in the prescribing information. An additional antibiotic comparison group showed that adverse event reports of suicidal/self-injurious behavior or depression were otherwise rare in a healthy population receiving short-term drug treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Varenicline shows a substantial, statistically significant increased risk of reported depression and suicidal/self-injurious behavior. Bupropion for smoking cessation had smaller increased risks. The findings for varenicline, combined with other problems with its safety profile, render it unsuitable for first-line use in smoking cessation

Un exemple d’intégration des TICE au cours d’allemand : l’utilisation du logiciel " Reflex’ Deutsch " en classe de Première SMS

Professorat des collèges et lycéesEn quoi le support multimédia peut-il représenter un outil (re)motivant et efficace dans l’apprentissage de l’allemand en classe de Première technologique ? Que peut-il nous apporter, à nous, professeurs de langues vivantes, et à nos élèves par rapport aux autres supports ? Comment faut-il s’y prendre pour intégrer en classe, un logiciel prévu initialement pour un apprentissage en autonomie ? Comment parvenir à gérer le groupe, à évaluer son travail de manière satisfaisante ? Voici les questions qui sous-tendent cette réflexion, fruit de l’expérimentation menée avec ma classe de Première SMS. Celle-ci retrace les phases d’élaboration du projet et aborde certains problèmes rencontrés lors de la mise en pratique

Electrical rotating machine fault detection by low frequency near magnetic field analysis

International audienc

PRISE EN COMPTE DU COMPORTEMENTMAGNETIQUE FREQUENTIELDES TOLES FeSiEN MODELISATION ELECTROTECHNIQUE

To correctly de scribe the magnetic flux through FeSi lamination section and the associated losses,hysteresis and eddy current developping in the sheet section with frequency must be taken intoaccount. The computation of the induction distribution in the sheet section by numerically solving themagnetic diffusion equation shows that the dynamic Preisach model correctly represents the localmagnetic behavior of the material. This model gives a description of hysteresis and the effect of eddycurrents on domain wall motion. Thanks to this model, the average induction over the sheet section andthe associated losses are weIl approximated for a sinusoidal applied field and frequencies higher thanthe usual working frequency of the sheet. For the same working conditions, a method makes itpossible to analytically solve the magnetic diffusion equation. To do so, the dynamic Preisach model isused and sorne simplifying hypotheses are made about the space and time differential permeabilityvariations due to hysteresis. This analytical method gives results very close to the results of thenumerical approach. Consequently, this work presents the bases of a model that links the averageinduction over the sheet section to the surface applied field. Moreover, this model, which is assumedscalar (field and induction are colinear), makes it possible to approximate los ses in electricalstructures.La bonne description du flux magnétique à travers les tôles magnétiques FeSi couramment utilisées enélectrotechnique nécessite la prise en compte de l'hystérésis et des courants induits qui se développentdans l'épaisseur des tôles avec la fréquence. Le calcul des grandeurs magnétiques dans la section destôles par résolution numérique de l'équation de la diffusion montre qu'un modèle de Preisachdynamique donne une bonne représentation du comportement magnétique local. Ce modèle permet eneffet de décrire le comportement hystérétique du matériau ainsi que l'effet d'amortissement descourants induits sur le mouvement des parois. Grâce à ce modèle, l'induction moyenne sur la section etles pertes dissipées dans la tôle sont approchées de façon très satisfaisante pour un champ en surfacesinusoïdal et des fréquences supérieures à la fréquence de travail habituelle des tôles. Pour les mêmesconditions de travail, une méthode est proposée pour résoudre analytiquement l'équation de ladiffusion magnétique. Cette méthode repose sur l'utilisation du modèle de Preisach dynamique et deshypothèses simplificatrices concernant les variations de perméabilité différentielle dans le temps etl'espace dues à l'hystérésis. Elle donne des résultats très proches de ceux de la méthode numérique.Ainsi, ce travail présente-t-illes bases d'un modèle reliant l'induction moyenne sur la section d'une tôleau champ appliqué en surface. Ce modèle, supposé scalaire (induction et champ colinéaires), permetégalement d'approcher les pertes dans les structures électrotechniques