745 research outputs found
La ceinture fléchée au carrefour des convoitises des communautés canadiennes-françaises, amérindiennes et métisses du Canada
The historical and current uses of the arrowhead sash and the debate surrounding its origins show that it has been prized by many different groups in Canada. Historically French Canadians, aboriginal peoples, and MĂ©tis have claimed the sash as theirs and used it to indicate social standing, particularly in the context of the fur trade. Today, it is part of the cultural legacy of each of these communities. Research into material culture has long maintained that we can understand the significance that groups attach to an object simply by tracing its history. This article takes a different approach by exploring the idea that we can understand the significance specific groups attach to certain objects by studying thet inherent physical characteristics, as indicated by the history of the arrowhead sash.
Résumé
Depuis le dĂ©bat sur ses origines jusque dans son utilisation historique et actuelle, la ceinture flĂ©chĂ©e a Ă©tĂ© valorisĂ©e par plusieurs communautĂ©s diffĂ©rentes. Historiquement, elle a Ă©tĂ© revendiquĂ©e par les Canadiens fiançais, les Autochtones etlesMĂ©tis du Canada, qui s'en sont d'abord servi comme marqueur de prestige social, notamment dans le cadre de la traite des fourrures. De nos jours, elle est devenue un objet emblĂ©matique du patrimoine respectif de ces communautĂ©s. Les recherches en culture matĂ©rielle ont longtemps considĂ©rĂ© que le repĂ©rage du parcours historique d'un objet permettait Ă lui seul d'Ă©tudier le sens qui Ă©tait donnĂ© Ă l'objet par les collectivitĂ©s en contact avec lui. Cet article se dĂ©marque en explorant la thĂšse selon laquelle le sens attribuĂ© Ă certains objets par des collectivitĂ©s peut aussi ĂȘtre apprĂ©hendĂ© par l'analyse de leurs caractĂ©ristiques matĂ©rielles inhĂ©rentes, ainsi que l'indique le parcours de la ceinture flĂ©chĂ©e
Effects of design and operational parameters on ammonium removal by single-stage French vertical flow filters treating raw domestic wastewater
Modelling of the radiative properties of an opaque porous ceramic layer
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) operate at temperatures above 1,100 K where radiation effects can be significant. Therefore, an accurate thermal model of an SOFC requires the inclusion of the contribution of thermal radiation. This implies that the thermal radiative properties of the oxide ceramics used in the design of SOFCs must be known. However, little information can be found in the literature concerning their operating temperatures. On the other hand, several types of ceramics with different chemical compositions and microstructures for designing efficient cells are now being tested. This is a situation where the use of a numerical tool making possible the prediction of the thermal radiative properties of SOFC materials, whatever their chemical composition and microstructure are, may be a decisive help. Using this method, first attempts to predict the radiative properties of a lanthanum nickelate porous layer deposited onto an yttria stabilized zirconium substrate can be reported
Functionalization of SiC-based materials by a selective YBa2Cu3O7-ÎŽ coating via solâgel route in order to optimize their optical properties
SiC-based materials are good candidates for the application as solar receivers except concerning their optical properties. Indeed, considering the use at high temperature, materials used as solar receivers have to efficiently absorb the visible-near infrared waves (corresponding to solar spectral range) and simultaneously reflect the mid and far-infrared rays but SiC is absorbent in all the whole visible-infrared spectral domain. In this challenging work, a suitable YBa2Cu3O7-ÎŽ oxide which can present appropriate optical properties is studied. It was synthesized following a solâgel route and it was obtained with a high level of purity. YBa2Cu3O7-ÎŽ pellets were realized and heat treated at different temperatures revealing that the higher the heat treatment is, the better the oxygen stoichiometry (7-ÎŽ) is and the smoothest the surface is. This directly acts on the YBa2Cu3O7-ÎŽ optical properties. Considering these results, an YBa2Cu3O7-ÎŽ coating was realized on SiC pellets by dip-coating. A homogenous and covering layer of about 10 ÎŒm was obtained presenting very promising optical properties which were predominant in the FIR-MIR range whereas absorptance was increased in NIR-visible range
Ni tout l'un, ni tout l'autre : rencontres, métissages et ethnogenÚse au Saguenay - Lac-Saint-Jean aux 16e et 17e siÚcles
La prĂ©sente thĂšse sâinscrit dans le mouvement de recherche en ethnogenĂšse mĂ©tisse qui se dĂ©ploie ces derniĂšres annĂ©es dans les milieux universitaires en sciences humaines et sociales au Canada et â dans une moindre mesure - aux Ătats-Unis. Ce mouvement a pour objectif dâexpliquer le processus par lequel de nouvelles communautĂ©s de MĂ©tis ont Ă©mergĂ© au fil de lâhistoire alors que colons et autochtones sont entrĂ©s en contact en sol nord-amĂ©ricain. Le cheminement proposĂ© par cette Ă©tude consiste Ă utiliser les diffĂ©rents outils conceptuels et mĂ©thodologiques propres Ă ce mouvement de recherche et Ă les adapter Ă un contexte historique nouveau, en lâoccurrence lâhistoire du Saguenay â Lac-Saint-Jean durant les 16e et 17e siĂšcles. Le choix de ce cadre spatio-temporel trouve son intĂ©rĂȘt dans le fait quâil a constituĂ© le thĂ©Ăątre de rencontres rĂ©guliĂšres et prolongĂ©es entre colons et autochtones, ces deux groupes sâĂ©tant engagĂ©s dans de profonds processus de mĂ©tissage entre eux âautant au niveau culturel que gĂ©nĂ©alogique- pendant plusieurs gĂ©nĂ©rations. LâĂ©tude explore ainsi ces processus depuis lâĂ©poque des premiĂšres visites des marins europĂ©ens sur le littoral du fleuve Saint-Laurent jusquâĂ celle oĂč les habitants de la colonie instaurent un rĂ©seau de postes de traite qui sâenfonce dans le territoire forestier. Elle nâest ni une histoire de la population amĂ©rindienne, ni une histoire de la population coloniale prĂ©sente dans la rĂ©gion : elle prend pour objet central le mĂ©tissage sâĂ©tant opĂ©rĂ© entre ces deux groupes ainsi que ses rĂ©sultantes identitaires durant les deux premiers siĂšcles de leurs rencontres. Plus quâune simple Ă©tude de cas rĂ©gionale, la prĂ©sente thĂšse sâintĂ©resse au fonctionnement mĂȘme des processus dâethnogenĂšse mĂ©tisse et aux facteurs contextuels fondamentaux qui induisent ou inhibent ces phĂ©nomĂšnes identitaires. Elle se conclut sur une sĂ©rie de constats qui permettent de comprendre et dâexpliquer pourquoi, dans certaines conditions, il peut y avoir absence dâethnogenĂšse dâune nouvelle communautĂ© mĂ©tisse dans un contexte oĂč il y a pourtant de profonds mĂ©canismes de mĂ©tissages entre deux groupes sur une pĂ©riode historique prolongĂ©e. Comprendre pourquoi une ethnogenĂšse mĂ©tisse ne sâenclenche pas apparait aussi important que de comprendre pourquoi elle sâenclenche.This thesis is linked to the actual research movement on MĂ©tis ethnogenesis, which is getting in vogue since few years in the faculties of Social Sciences and Humanities of many universities in Canada and â to a lesser scale â United States. The aim of this research movement is to identify the process by which MĂ©tis communities (resulting from the contacts between European settlers and Aboriginal peoples) came into being during the North American history. This thesis uses the conceptual and methodological tools of this research movement and adapts them to a new historical context, that is to say the Saguenay â Lac-Saint-Jean region during the 16th and the 17th centuries. The choice of this spatio-temporal frame is based on the fact that it has been the scene of regular and prolonged meetings between Europeans settlers and Aboriginal peoples. For generations in that historical context, these two populations have been engaged into a profound process of intermixing (or mĂ©tissage) at both genealogical and cultural levels. This work exposes what this process was, from its beginning when the first European sailors came on the banks of the Saint-Lawrence up to the time where the inhabitants of the French colony started to establish a fur trade posts network in the forest of the region. It is neither a history of the aboriginal peoples of the Saguenay â Lac-Saint-Jean region, nor a history of its settlers: it takes as its main object the intermixing process of these two populations and its result within the two first centuries of their encounters. More than just a case study, this thesis analyses the very fundamental mechanisms by which ethnogenesis processes work, and identify some of the contextual factors that induce and inhibit these phenomena. Its ultimate achievement is to suggest researchers tools that are intended to help explaining why, in certain historical contexts, there can be no ethnogenesis process even though there is a lot of mĂ©tissage between two cultural groups for a long period of time. At the end of this thesis, to understand why an ethnogenesis process doesnât occur appears as important as to understand why it does
Prediction of thermal radiative properties (300â1000 K) of La2NiO4+ÎŽ ceramics.
A multiscale numerical model is developed to predict the thermal radiative properties (TRP) of rough La2NiO4+ÎŽ coatings. The model integrates intrinsic and extrinsic contributions related to the chemical composition and the texture, respectively. High-temperature infrared reflectivity and thermogravimetric measurements on a La2NiO4+ÎŽ single crystal make it possible to understand the role of the excess oxygen in the intrinsic TRP. We show that dense ceramics with thicknesses higher than 4 ÎŒm are optically thick, and that one can adjust the surface roughness parameters to predict their TRP
Study Protocol: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Patient Navigation-Activation to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities
Abstract Background Cancer health disparities affecting low-income and minority patients are well documented. Root-causes are multifactorial, including diagnostic and treatment delays, social and financial barriers, and poor communication. Patient navigation and communication coaching (activation) are potential interventions to address disparities in cancer treatment. The purpose of this clinical trial is to test the effectiveness of an intervention combining patient navigation and activation to improve cancer treatment. Methods/Design The Rochester Patient Navigation Research Program (PNRP) is a National Cancer Institute-sponsored, patient-level randomized trial (RCT) of patient navigation and activation, targeting newly-diagnosed breast and colorectal cancer patients in Rochester, NY. The goal of the program is to decrease cancer health disparities by addressing barriers to receipt of cancer care and promoting patient self-efficacy. The intervention uses trained, paraprofessional patient navigators recruited from the target community, and a detailed training and supervisory program. Recruited patients are randomly assigned to receive either usual care (except for baseline and follow-up questionnaires and interviews) or intervention. The intervention patients receive tailored assistance from their patient navigators, including phone calls, in-person meetings, and behind-the-scenes coordination of care. A total of 344 patients have been recruited. Outcomes measured at three month intervals include timeliness of care, patient adherence, patient satisfaction, quality of life, self-efficacy, health literacy, and cancer knowledge. Discussion This unique intervention combining patient navigation and patient activation is designed to address the multifactorial problem of cancer health disparities. If successful, this study will affect the design and implementation of patient navigation programs. Trials Registration clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00496678http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78254/1/1471-2407-10-551.xmlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78254/2/1471-2407-10-551.pdfPeer Reviewe
Far-and mid-infrared properties of carbon layers elaborated by plasma sputtering
International audienceThe far-and mid-infrared reflectivity spectra of two carbon layers deposited on pure (100) silicon substrates by DC magnetron sputtering were investigated at room temperature in the 10-5000 cm-1 wavenumber range. Their structural and textural features were also studied by combining Raman spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), X-Ray Reflectivity (XRR) and Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS). The set of results was used to discuss afterwards the influence of the texture on the infrared properties at varying length scale. Thereby, the two layers were found to be heterogeneous as assessed by RBS, XRR and FESEM and their thicknesses had been measured by XRR and FESEM. The information on the structural organization and " crystallite " size was given by Raman spectroscopy. The influence of both the textural and structural parameters on the measured infrared reflectivity spectra was discussed. Finally, a methodology was proposed to recover the intrinsic index of refraction and the intrinsic index of absorption of each layer
Quality of life in patients with locked-in syndrome: Evolution over a 6-year period
International audienceBackground: Improved knowledge of the quality of life (QoL) of locked-in syndrome (LIS) patients have implications for managing their care, and assists clinicians in choosing the most appropriate interventions. We performed a survey of a population of LIS patients to describe the course of the QoL of LIS patients over a 6-year period and to determine the potential predictive factors of QoL changes over time. Method: This is a study performed over a 6-year period in patients with a LIS diagnosis. Questionnaires were sent in 2007 and 2013. The following data were recorded: i) sociodemographic data; ii) clinical data related to LIS, physical/handicap status, psychological status; iii) self-reported QoL: Anamnestic Comparative Self-Assessment (ACSA); iv) Integration in life: French Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI). Results: Among the 67 patients included in 2007, 39 (58 %) patients returned their questionnaire in 2013. The LIS etiology was stroke in 51 individuals. The QoL of the patients was relatively satisfactory compared to populations in other severe conditions. Twenty-one (70 %) individuals reported a stable/improved QoL between 2007 and 2013. The physical/handicap statuses in 2007 and 2013 were not related to the QoL 6 years later, with the exception of one communication parameter: the individuals who used yes-no code reported significantly lower QoL levels than those who did not in 2013. Discussion: In opposition to a widespread opinion, LIS persons report a relatively satisfactory QoL level that stays stable over time, suggesting that life with LIS is worth living. Preservation of autonomy and communication may help them to live as normal life as possible
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