Gait characterization in golden retriever muscular dystrophy dogs using linear discriminant analysis

Background: Accelerometric analysis of gait abnormalities in golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dogs isof limited sensitivity, and produces highly complex data. The use of discriminant analysis may enable simpler andmore sensitive evaluation of treatment benefits in this important preclinical model.Methods: Accelerometry was performed twice monthly between the ages of 2 and 12 months on 8 healthy and20 GRMD dogs. Seven accelerometric parameters were analysed using linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Manipulationof the dependent and independent variables produced three distinct models. The ability of each model to detect gaitalterations and their pattern change with age was tested using a leave-one-out cross-validation approach.Results: Selecting genotype (healthy or GRMD) as the dependent variable resulted in a model (Model 1) allowing agood discrimination between the gait phenotype of GRMD and healthy dogs. However, this model was not sufficientlyrepresentative of the disease progression. In Model 2, age in months was added as a supplementary dependentvariable (GRMD_2 to GRMD_12 and Healthy_2 to Healthy_9.5), resulting in a high overall misclassification rate (83.2%).To improve accuracy, a third model (Model 3) was created in which age was also included as an explanatory variable.This resulted in an overall misclassification rate lower than 12%. Model 3 was evaluated using blinded data pertainingto 81 healthy and GRMD dogs. In all but one case, the model correctly matched gait phenotype to the actualgenotype. Finally, we used Model 3 to reanalyse data from a previous study regarding the effects ofimmunosuppressive treatments on muscular dystrophy in GRMD dogs. Our model identified significant effect ofimmunosuppressive treatments on gait quality, corroborating the original findings, with the added advantages ofdirect statistical analysis with greater sensitivity and more comprehensible data representation.Conclusions: Gait analysis using LDA allows for improved analysis of accelerometry data by applying adecision-making analysis approach to the evaluation of preclinical treatment benefits in GRMD dogs

In Vivo Genotoxicity Evaluation of a Stilbene Extract Prior to Its Use as a Natural Additive: A Combination of the Micronucleus Test and the Comet Assay

Genotoxic data of substances that could be used as food additives are required by the European Food Safety Authority. In this sense, the use of an extract from grapevine shoots containing a stilbene richness of 99% (ST-99), due to its antioxidant and antibacterial activities, has been proposed as an alternative to sulfur dioxide in wine. The aim of this work was to study, for the first time, the in vivo genotoxic effects produced in rats orally exposed to 90, 180, or 360 mg ST-99/kg body weight at 0, 24, and 45 h. The combination of micronucleus assay in bone marrow (OECD 474) and standard (OECD 489) and enzyme-modified comet assay was used to determine the genotoxicity on cells isolated from stomach, liver, and blood of exposed animals. The ST-99 revealed no in vivo genotoxicity. These results were corroborated by analytical studies that confirm the presence of stilbenes and their metabolites in plasma and tissues. Moreover, to complete these findings, a histopathological study was performed under light microscopy in liver and stomach showing only slight modifications in both organs at the highest concentration used. The present work confirms that this extract is not genotoxic presenting a good profile for its potential application as a preservative in the wine industry.España Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad and INIA RTA2015-00005-C02-0

Seasonal Variations in the Metabolome and Bioactivity Profile of Fucus vesiculosus Extracted by an Optimised, Pressurised Liquid Extraction Protocol

The metabolism of seaweeds depends on environmental parameters, the availability of nutrients, and biotic/abiotic stresses; therefore, their chemical composition fluctuates throughout the year. This study investigated seasonal variations in the metabolome of the Baltic Sea brown alga Fucus vesiculosus and its potential relation to the bioactivity profile. By using a definitive screening design (DSD) combined with pressurised liquid extraction (PLE), an optimised protocol was developed to extract algal biomass monthly for a full calendar year. An untargeted metabolomics approach using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MSn)-based molecular networking and manual dereplication was employed. The extracts were simultaneously screened for their in vitro antimicrobial, anticancer/apoptotic, and free radical scavenging activities. 44 compounds were putatively dereplicated in the metabolome. Many compounds were found to vary with the sampling month; phlorotannin total ion count (TIC) was highest in summer, whilst chlorophylls, lipids, and carotenoids peaked in winter and spring. The greatest radical scavenging and apoptotic activities against pancreas cancer cells observed in the summer months were attributed to high phlorotannin TIC. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) inhibitory activity was produced year-round without a clear seasonal trend. This is the first study applying DSD-based optimised PLE extraction combined with a metabolome analysis of F. vesiculosus for the identification of seasonal variations in both metabolome and bioactivity

Cell therapy of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: preclinical trial in GRMD dogs

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a genetic progressive X-linked muscular dystrophy, is the most common genetic disease in humans. Cell therapy based on the use of somatic stem cells is a very promising approach. In a dog myopathy model, we isolated a muscle stem cell (MuStem) with the essential requirements for therapeutic use: high amplification capacity, ability to fuse with muscle fibers, renewal of the satellite cell population, dispersion in the whole body after vascular administration, persistence of long-term effect, and dramatic clinical improvement of treated animals. These preclinical results pave the way for a therapeutic trial in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.La dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne (DMD) est une maladie génétique progressive du muscle liée au chromosome X. Elle est la maladie génétique la plus fréquente chez l'homme. La thérapie cellulaire basée sur l'utilisation de cellules souches somatiques est une voie thérapeutique riche d'intérêt. Nous avons isolé, chez un modèle de chien myopathe, une cellule souche musculaire (MuStem) qui présente les qualités indispensables à une utilisation thérapeutique: forte capacité d'amplification, capacité à fusionner avec les fibres musculaires, renouvellement du contingent de cellules satellites, dispersion dans l'organisme après administration vasculaire, persistance de l'effet à long terme, spectaculaire amélioration clinique des animaux traités. Ces résultats précliniques ouvrent la voie à un essai thérapeutique chez l'enfant atteint de dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne

Pharmacological activity of polyphenolic derivatives from Malaysian Clusiaceae and Calophyllaceae : regulatory effects on inflammatory and immune endothelial markers

Afin d’identifier de nouveaux composés prévenant la dysfonction et l’immunogénicité des cellules endothéliales qui sont impliquées dans la survenue des rejets de greffe,nous nous sommes intéressés aux métabolites secondaires de différentes espèces de Clusiaceae et de Calophyllaceae. Tout d’abord, 4 extraits DCM de Calophyllaceae malaisiennes ont été sélectionnés sur la base d’une étude déréplicative et d’un criblage biologique anti-inflammatoire. Puis, l’étude phytochimique de l’extrait de fruits de Mesua lepidota a permis d’isoler 9 coumarines de type mammea, dont 7 constituent 2 nouvelles séries : Les lépidotols et les lépidotines. L’étude des extraits de 2 lots de feuilles de Calophyllumtetrapterum a quant à elle conduit à l’isolement de dérivés polyphénoliques distincts : Desacylphloroglucinols polyprénylés dans le lot A, dont le composé majoritaire, la tétraptérone, est un dérivé acide original, et des pyranochromanones acides dans le lot B, dont un nouveau dérivé appelé acide tétraptérique. Le même protocole appliqué à l’extrait de feuilles de Mesuaassamica a montré que les fractions cytotoxiques sont riches en xanthones, tandis que les fractions anti inflammatoires renferment des coumarines de type mammea. Parallèlement à ces études phytochimiques, un panel de polyphénols représentatifs des classes chimiques retrouvées dans les Clusiaceae et les Calophyllaceae ont été évalués pour leurs effets sur divers marqueurs endothéliaux de l’inflammation et de l’immunité. Il apparaît ainsi que les coumarines de type mammea et la guttiférone J, une benzophénone polyprénylée, inhibent significativement l’expression de VCAM-1 ainsi que des molécules HLA de classe II, HLAE et MICA.In order to identify new compounds preventing endothelial cells dysfunction and immunogenicity which are involved in the emergence of graft rejection, the secondary metabolites of different Clusiaceae and Calophyllaceae specious were investigated. Firstly 4DCM extracts originating from Malaysian Calophyllaceae specious were selected through a dereplication analysis combined with an anti-inflammatory screening. Then, the phytochemical study of the fruits extract of Mesualepidota allowed us to isolate 9 mammea coumarins, among which 7 represent 2 novel series, i.e. lepidotols and lepidotins. The phytochemical study of 2 different batches of Calophyllum tetrapterum leaves led to the isolation of distinct polyphenolic derivatives : polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols were identified in batch A, with the major compound, tetrapterone, as a new acid derivative, whilst chromanone acids were identified in batch B, including a new derivative named as tetrapteric acid. The same protocol applied to Mesuaassamica leave extract showed that cytotoxic fractions were rich in xanthones whereas anti-inflammatory fractions contained numerous mammea coumarins. Along with these phytochemical studies, a panel of polyphenols representative of the chemical classes generally identified in Clusiaceae and Calophyllaceae specious were evaluated for their effects on various endothelial markersof inflammation and immunity. Mammea coumarins and guttiferone J, a polyprenylated benzophenone, appeared to significantly inhibit the expression of VCAM-1 as well as that of HLA class II molecules, HLA-E and MICA

Activité pharmacologique de dérivés polyphénoliques isolés de Clusiaceae et de Calophyllaceae malaisiennes : effets régulateurs sur des marqueurs endothéliaux de l’inflammation et de l’immunité

In order to identify new compounds preventing endothelial cells dysfunction and immunogenicity which are involved in the emergence of graft rejection, the secondary metabolites of different Clusiaceae and Calophyllaceae specious were investigated. Firstly 4DCM extracts originating from Malaysian Calophyllaceae specious were selected through a dereplication analysis combined with an anti-inflammatory screening. Then, the phytochemical study of the fruits extract of Mesualepidota allowed us to isolate 9 mammea coumarins, among which 7 represent 2 novel series, i.e. lepidotols and lepidotins. The phytochemical study of 2 different batches of Calophyllum tetrapterum leaves led to the isolation of distinct polyphenolic derivatives : polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols were identified in batch A, with the major compound, tetrapterone, as a new acid derivative, whilst chromanone acids were identified in batch B, including a new derivative named as tetrapteric acid. The same protocol applied to Mesuaassamica leave extract showed that cytotoxic fractions were rich in xanthones whereas anti-inflammatory fractions contained numerous mammea coumarins. Along with these phytochemical studies, a panel of polyphenols representative of the chemical classes generally identified in Clusiaceae and Calophyllaceae specious were evaluated for their effects on various endothelial markersof inflammation and immunity. Mammea coumarins and guttiferone J, a polyprenylated benzophenone, appeared to significantly inhibit the expression of VCAM-1 as well as that of HLA class II molecules, HLA-E and MICA.Afin d’identifier de nouveaux composés prévenant la dysfonction et l’immunogénicité des cellules endothéliales qui sont impliquées dans la survenue des rejets de greffe,nous nous sommes intéressés aux métabolites secondaires de différentes espèces de Clusiaceae et de Calophyllaceae. Tout d’abord, 4 extraits DCM de Calophyllaceae malaisiennes ont été sélectionnés sur la base d’une étude déréplicative et d’un criblage biologique anti-inflammatoire. Puis, l’étude phytochimique de l’extrait de fruits de Mesua lepidota a permis d’isoler 9 coumarines de type mammea, dont 7 constituent 2 nouvelles séries : Les lépidotols et les lépidotines. L’étude des extraits de 2 lots de feuilles de Calophyllumtetrapterum a quant à elle conduit à l’isolement de dérivés polyphénoliques distincts : Desacylphloroglucinols polyprénylés dans le lot A, dont le composé majoritaire, la tétraptérone, est un dérivé acide original, et des pyranochromanones acides dans le lot B, dont un nouveau dérivé appelé acide tétraptérique. Le même protocole appliqué à l’extrait de feuilles de Mesuaassamica a montré que les fractions cytotoxiques sont riches en xanthones, tandis que les fractions anti inflammatoires renferment des coumarines de type mammea. Parallèlement à ces études phytochimiques, un panel de polyphénols représentatifs des classes chimiques retrouvées dans les Clusiaceae et les Calophyllaceae ont été évalués pour leurs effets sur divers marqueurs endothéliaux de l’inflammation et de l’immunité. Il apparaît ainsi que les coumarines de type mammea et la guttiférone J, une benzophénone polyprénylée, inhibent significativement l’expression de VCAM-1 ainsi que des molécules HLA de classe II, HLAE et MICA

Contribution à l'étude phytochimique et pharmacologique des racines de Thalictrum Flavum L.

Les alcaloïdes contenus dans la racine du Thalictrum Flavum L. (ranunculaceae) croissant dans la Vallée de la Loire ont été isolés pour la première fois, et évalués pour leurs activités antiparasitaires, inhibitrice de la formation des produits terminaux de glycation (AGEs), vasodilatatrice, et antiangiogénique. Ma participation à ce travail d'analyse a abouti à l'isolement de deux protoberbérines, la berbérine et la pseudoberbérine ; une bisbenzylisoquinoléine, la thalicbérine ; et un phénanthrène, la thaliglucinone. Par ailleurs, la northalfoetidine, une bisbenzylisoquinoléine, a été identifiée comme un nouveau composé. La berbérine, composant majoritaire de la plante, et la pseudoberbérine se sont révélées actives dans les quatre tests biologiques menés. Une activité anti-leishmaniale intéressante contre Leishmania major a été démontrée pour plusieurs bisbenzylisoquinoléines, tandis que ces mêmes molécules ont été trouvées indusctrices de la formation des AGEs.ANGERS-BU Médecine-Pharmacie (490072105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Coronopathies et VIH (étude de quatre cas et revue de la littérature)

REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Identification of Minor Benzoylated 4-Phenylcoumarins from a Mammea neurophylla Bark Extract

Through dereplication analysis, seven known Mammea coumarins were identified in a fraction obtained from Mammea neurophylla dichloromethane bark extract selected for its ability to prevent advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation. Among them, a careful examination of the NMR dataset of pedilanthocoumarin B led to a structural revision. Inspection of LC-DAD-MSn chromatograms allowed us to predict the presence of four new compounds, which were further isolated. Using spectroscopic methods (1H-, 13C- and 2D-NMR, HRMS, UV), these compounds were identified as new benzoyl substituted 4-phenylcoumarins (iso-pedilanthocoumarin B and neurophyllol C) and 4-(1-acetoxypropyl)coumarins cyclo F (ochrocarpins H and I)