129 research outputs found
PDB8 A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Second-Line Anti-Diabetes Treatments for Those with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled by Sulfonylurea Monotherapy
Crispy banana obtained by the combination of a high temperature and short time drying stage and a drying process
The effect of polymer/plasticiser ratio in film forming solutions on the properties of chitosan films
In this work physical-chemical properties of chitosan/ glycerol film forming solutions (FFS) and the resulting films were analysed. Solutions were prepared using different concentrations of plasticising agent (glycerol) and chitosan. Films were produced by solvent casting and equilibrated in a controlled atmosphere. FFS water activity and rheological behaviour were determined. Films water content, solubility, water vapour and oxygen permeabilities, thickness, and mechanical and thermal properties were determined. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was also used to study the chitosan/glycerol interactions.
Results demonstrate that FFS chitosan concentration influenced solutions consistency coefficient and this was related with differences in films water retention and structure. Plasticiser addition led to an increase in films moisture content, solubility and water vapour permeability, water affinity and structural changes. Films thermo-mechanical properties are significantly affected by both chitosan and glycerol addition. FTIR experiments confirm these results.
This work highlights the importance of glycerol and water plasticisation in films properties.This work was supported by National Funds from FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, through project PEst-OE/EQB/LA0016/2011.Authors Joana F. Fundo, Andrea C. Galvis-Sanchez and Mafalda A. C. Quintas acknowledge FCT for research grants SFRH/ BD / 62176 / 2009, SFRH/BPD/37890/2007 and SFRH / BPD / 41715 / 2007, respectively
Outcome of left heart mechanical valve replacement in West African children - A 15-year retrospective study
Influence of amyloglucosidase in bread crust properties
Enzymes are used in baking as a useful tool for
improving the processing behavior or properties of baked
products. A number of enzymes have been proposed for
improving specific volume, imparting softness, or extend the
shelf life of breads, but scarce studies have been focused on
bread crust. The aim of this study was to determine the use of
amyloglucosidase for modulating the properties of the bread
crust and increase its crispness. Increasing levels of enzyme
were applied onto the surface of two different partially bake
breads (thin and thick crust bread). Amyloglucosidase treatment
affected significantly (P<0.05) the color of the crust and
decreased the moisture content and water activity of the crusts.
Mechanical properties were modified by amyloglucosidase,
namely increasing levels of enzyme promoted a decrease in
the force (Fm) required for crust rupture and an increase in the
number of fracture events (Nwr) related to crispy products.
Crust microstructure analysis confirmed that enzymatic treatment
caused changes in the bread crust structure, leading to a
disruption of the structure, by removing the starchy layer that
covered the granules and increasing the number of voids,
which agree with the texture fragility.Authors acknowledge the financial support of Spanish Ministry of Economy and Sustainability (Project AGL2011-23802), the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), Generalitat Valenciana (Project Prometeo 2012/064) and the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC). R. Altamirano-Fortoul would like to thank her grant to CSIC. The authors also thank Forns Valencians S. A. (Spain) for supplying commercial frozen partially baked breads.Altamirano Fortoul, RDC.; Hernando Hernando, MI.; Molina Rosell, MC. (2014). Influence of amyloglucosidase in bread crust properties. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 7(4):1037-1046. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-013-1084-xS1037104674Altamirano-Fortoul R, Hernando I & Rosell CM (2013) Texture of bread crust: puncturing settings effect and its relationship to microstructure. Journal of Texture Studies. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-4603.2012.00368.x .Altamirano-Fortoul, R., Le Bail, A., Chevallier, S., & Rosell, C. 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Observing the temperature dependent transition of the GP2 peptide using terahertz spectroscopy
The GP2 peptide is derived from the Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2/nue), a marker protein for breast cancer present in saliva. In this paper we study the temperature dependent behavior of hydrated GP2 at terahertz frequencies and find that the peptide undergoes a dynamic transition between 200 and 220 K. By fitting suitable molecular models to the frequency response we determine the molecular processes involved above and below the transition temperature (TD). In particular, we show that below TD the dynamic transition is dominated by a simple harmonic vibration with a slow and temperature dependent relaxation time constant and that above TD, the dynamic behavior is governed by two oscillators, one of which has a fast and temperature independent relaxation time constant and the other of which is a heavily damped oscillator with a slow and temperature dependent time constant. Furthermore a red shifting of the characteristic frequency of the damped oscillator was observed, confirming the presence of a non-harmonic vibration potential. Our measurements and modeling of GP2 highlight the unique capabilities of THz spectroscopy for protein characterization.Yiwen Sun, Zexuan Zhu, Siping Chen, Jega Balakrishnan, Derek Abbott, Anil T. Ahuja and Emma Pickwell-MacPherso
What Drives the Productive Efficiency of a Firm? The Importance of Industry, Location, R&D, and Size
Novel imaging strategies for the detection of prosthetic heart valve obstruction and endocarditis
Positronium as a probe in natural polymers: decomposition in starch
Ortho-positronium (o-Ps) is used as a probe in positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) experiments, to characterise the behaviour of free volumes in natural starch samples, as a function of temperature (T). Up to about 540 K, the o-Ps intensity, I3, remains constant at 26.2% while its lifetime, 3, is found to increase linearly. Both parameters undergo a decrease above this T, due to the onset of decomposition, which results in a shrinking of the sample pellets. The results indicate that the glass transition temperature should be above 501 K. Data from thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA) measurements are well described by supposing a first order process for the survival probability (p) of the starch lattice, with an activation energy, Eact = (1.52 ± 0.05) eV, and a frequency factor, ln(k0, s-1) = 25.3 ± 0.4. In the decomposition region, the PALS data show the unexpected correlation (3n)3 = I3n, linking the normalised values of 3, 3n, and of I3, I3n. This is explained by considering that the changes in I3 with T arise from those in the surviving volume fraction of the lattice, p, whereas the changes in 3 reflect the shrinking of the radius of the free volumes, the latter decreasing in proportion to p1/3. Quantitative approaches on these bases lead to satisfactory fitting of all PALS data, yielding an activation energy, Eact = (1.53 ± 0.03) eV, and frequency factor, ln(k0, s-1) = 25.4 ± 0.2, in excellent agreement with the values derived from TGA
Long-term variability of supratidal coastal boulder activation in Brittany (France)
High-energy supratidal coastal boulder deposit (SCBD) dynamics were investigated on Vierge Island and Pors Carn Point, north and south of western Brittany, France, respectively. Morphological changes induced by boulder transport and quarrying were quantified using high-resolution topographic survey data taken between 2012 and 2017. Additional in-situ wave parameters and water levels were also recorded over this period (2014-2017) in order to compute the maximum water levels and assess the relationship between SCBD morphological changes and specific hydrodynamic conditions. During extreme water levels (for maximum water levels exceeding a one in ten year event), SCBDs were broadly reworked (up to 40% of the total volume). During lower intensity events, for which maximum water levels were still very high, morphological changes represented 1% to 5% of the total volume. These morphological and hydrodynamic observations were then used to calibrate a chronology of SCBD activation events based on 70 years of hindcast winter maximum water levels. These long-term time-series showed great interannual variability in SCBD activation but no significant long-term trend. Winter-frequency SCBD activation was better correlated to the WEPA index (r = 0.46) than the NAO index (r = 0.1). Therefore, the WEPA index can be considered to be a more significant climate proxy for assessing storm-related geomorphic changes in the temperate latitudes of the N-E Atlantic basin (36 degrees-52 degrees N), including the Brittany coast. The potential of SCBDs as a morphological storm proxy for macrotidal high-energy rocky coasts is addressed
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