Leadership style and communication style of airline pilots: Perceived associations with crew members’ satisfaction and effort

Leadership and communication have been identified as paramount factors for flight safety and efficiency but research on the effects of these factors is scarce. This study analyzes which leadership styles and which communication styles are perceived by airline pilots to be associated with their teams’ satisfaction and extra effort. A survey was conducted with a total of 105 airline pilots, and a research model was tested with structural equation modeling. Results indicated that participative leadership is the only leadership style retained by the model explaining satisfaction and extra effort of crew members. Participative leadership is positively related to assertive communication and negatively related to passive communication. Assertive communication mediates between participative leadership and satisfaction, and passive communication mediates between participative leadership and extra effor

Comparison of the Impact between Classical and Novel Strains of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease on Wild Rabbit Populations in Spain

The outbreaks of two strains of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) (GI.1 and GI.2) in the Iberian Peninsula have caused substantial economic losses in commercial rabbitries and have affected the conservation of rabbit-sensitive predators due to the dramatic decline of their natural populations. However, the assessment of the impact of both RHD strains on wild rabbit populations has been limited to a few small-scale studies. Little is known about the overall impact within its native range. In this study, we described and compared the effects of GI.1 and GI.2 countrywide by using time series of hunting bag data widely available across the country and compared their trend during the first eight years after the first outbreak of GI.1 (i.e., 1998) and GI.2 (i.e., 2011), respectively. We used Gaussian generalised additive models (GAM) with the number of hunted rabbits as the response variable and year as the predictor to evaluate the non-linear temporal dynamics of the population at the national and regional community levels. The first GI.1 caused a population decline of around 53%, affecting most Spanish regional communities where the disease occurred. The positive trend observed after GI.1 in Spain ended with the initial outbreak of GI.2, which did not appear to cause a national population decline. In contrast, we found significant variability in the rabbit population trend among regional communities, where some increased, and others decreased. Such a disparity is unlikely to be explained by a single factor; rather, it appears to result from several factors, such as climatic conditions, host resistance improvement, virulence attenuation, or population density. Our study suggests that a national comprehensive hunting bag series could aid in elucidating the differences in the impact of emerging diseases on a large scale. Future research should focus on national longitudinal serological studies to shed light on the immunological status of rabbit populations in different regions to better understand the evolution of RHD strains and the resistance gained by the wild populations.This work was supported by project LAGMED (www.lagmed.eu, accessed on 5 April 2023) through the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and University (REF: PRIMAS2-11-PCI2019-103698) and the PRIMA programme, an Art.185 initiative supported and funded under Horizon 2020, the European Union’s Framework Programme for Research and Innovation and The APC was funded by project LAGMED

Oxidative stress in wild European rabbits naturally infected with myxoma virus and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus

The European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is one of the most important vertebrate species in the Mediterranean Basin ecosystem. Over the last 60 years, the arrival of two viral diseases, myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease, have led to dramatic declines in wild rabbit populations across the Iberian Peninsula. These diseases are currently endemic. Periodic outbreaks occur and have significant impacts on wild populations. Both infection types have diverse physiological effects on their hosts that are rooted in aerobic metabolic processes. To fight off these viruses, rabbits activate their immune systems. However, the production of immune defences generates reactive oxygen species that may consequently damage host tissues. Hypothesising that immune responses increase oxidative stress, we examined whether wild rabbits naturally infected with myxoma virus (MV) and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) had high oxidative stress. Using blood samples, we measured anti-MV and anti-RHDV antibody concentrations and different oxidative stress markers (i.e., glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde). Our results show that rabbits that were seropositive for both MV and RHDV had high concentrations of malondialdehyde. Age and body condition were also positively related to dual seropositivity. No significant relationships were observed between serostatus and the concentrations of the other oxidative stress markers. Although we expected infection with MV and RHDV to be correlated with oxidative stress, the influence of external sources of oxidative stress (e.g., climatic conditions) likely made it more difficult to detect such relationships in wild rabbits

Modelo de gestão de desenvolvimento de competências de liderança em contexto militar

Exame público realizado em 4 de Julho de 2012.O presente estudo define um Modelo de Gestão de Desenvolvimento de Competências de Liderança em contexto militar - Exército Português que permite identificar as lacunas de formação na área da liderança para a obtenção de desempenhos superiores. Para o estudo foi construído um inquérito de competências associadas à liderança e utilizada uma amostra de 351 Oficiais dividida em três categorias, a saber, Oficiais Subalternos e Capitães, Oficiais Superiores e Oficiais Generais. Com base nos dados das respostas obtidas ao inquérito efectuou-se o tratamento e a análise estatística, com recurso ao programa estatístico "Statistical Package for Social Sciences". São identificados quatro modelos de competências de liderança, um para cada categoria de Oficiais com sete dimensões e outro para a amostra total com seis dimensões. Para o modelo global, conclui-se que os Oficiais consideram como mais importantes para obter desempenhos superiores, as seguintes dimensões: orientação para a missão através do exemplo, ética e determinação; tomada de decisão e planeamento; visão e ambiente externo e interno; coesão, trabalho de equipa e cooperação; gestão de conflitos pela transparência; liderança participativa e envolvimento. Da análise dos resultados conclui-se que os Oficiais Generais consideram significativamente mais importantes as dimensões: tomada de decisão e planeamento e visão e ambiente externo e interno para obter desempenhos superiores. Os Oficiais Generais percepcionam, ainda, que têm níveis de desempenho significativamente diferentes das restantes categorias de Oficiais nas mesmas dimensões. (José Carlos Dias Rouco

The Impact of Leadership Behaviors and Communication Styles of Military Leaders on the Performance of Followers

Abstract: The aim of this research is to analyze and relate the leadership behaviors and communication styles required of Infantry junior officers in their daily command tasks, in order to influence their subordinates to achieve extraordinary effort, group effectiveness and satisfaction. For this study, was used quantitative method and a survey was implemented comprising three questionnaires: one on leadership competences, one on communication styles, and one on with three criterion factors (extraordinary effort, group effectiveness and satisfaction). The survey was administered to a sample of 804 soldiers (30 Junior Officers, 81 Sergeants and 693 privates and corporals). The analysis of the data revealed that subordinates perceive that their commanders (junior officers) practice task oriented leadership behaviors, particularly on “orientation to the mission” and “decision making”. The behaviors exhibited by the officers strongly and positively relate with the “assertive” communication style. Moreover, all leadership behaviors practiced by the officers are strongly associated to the criterion factors, with the exception of the leadership dimension “vision”, which presents weaker correlations. The leadership dimensions that junior officers can conduct to promote satisfaction is “conflict management” and “participative leadership”.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Creativity, Psycap And Leadership: The Sight Of Professionals The Health Organizations

Nas organizações do sector de saúde, a pesquisa sobre liderança e o seu impacto no capital psicológico e na criatividade, em qualquer tipo de contexto organizacional, é quase inexistente. Para reduzir essa lacuna, o objetivo deste texto foi identificar em que medida a percepção de uma liderança autêntica e o capital psicológico influenciam a criatividade dos profissionais de um Centro Hospitalar Português. Os dados relacionados com os conceitos de liderança, capital psicológico e criatividade foram obtidos por meio de um questionário constituído por três partes: capital psicológico positivo; liderança autêntica, e dados demográficos e funcionais, numa amostra de 61 líderes das chefias intermédias dos diversos serviços dos 22 departamentos de Centro Hospitalar, bem como de 183 colaboradores selecionados aleatoriamente pelos líderes. As respostas foram analisadas através da utilização das análises fatoriais e das equações estruturais. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram duas das três hipóteses consideradas no estudo, sugerindo a existência de uma forte relação entre a liderança autêntica e o capital psicológico, e entre este e a criatividade, não sendo explicada diretamente a criatividade pela liderança. Concluiu-se ainda que a liderança e o capital psicológico têm, nas organizações de saúde, uma forte relação com a criatividade dos seus profissionaisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Los juegos de simulación y el empleo del estudio de casos como recurso didáctico para la enseñanza de economía

Aplicar metodologías activas en la enseñanza para desarrollar en los estudiantes el pensamiento crítico implica hurgar en una larga variedad de contextos. Hace dos años en nuestras clases de Economía para futuros ingenieros egresados del Departamento de Ingeniería e Investigaciones Tecnológicas (DIIT) de la Universidad Nacional de la Matanza (UNLaM) decidimos arriesgarnos a experimentar estrategias de aprendizaje activo, entre ellas la simulación y el estudio de casos. El objetivo era, esencialmente, experimentar un nuevo camino. Dado que, por prudencia, las experiencias iban a ser modestas, no esperábamos cambios significativos en el rendimiento de los alumnos y siempre nos guardábamos la posibilidad de regresar al camino de salida. Las experiencias que se han recogido sobre 309 encuestas realizadas a los estudiantes de economía, pretenden dar algunas ideas acerca de la aplicación de las metodologías utilizadas, animando a un mayor número de docentes a experimentar en sus cursos. El trabajo presenta los resultados de las experiencias que han funcionado en nuestras clases, que son muy parecidas a las clases de cualquiera de nuestros colegas.Trabajo publicado en Giordano, Carlos José y Morandi, Glenda (comps.). Memorias de las 2º Jornadas sobre las Prácticas Docentes en la Universidad Pública. La enseñanza universitaria a 100 años de la reforma: legados, transformaciones y compromisos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata: La Plata, 2019.Presidenci

Los juegos de simulación y el empleo del estudio de casos como recurso didáctico para la enseñanza de economía

Aplicar metodologías activas en la enseñanza para desarrollar en los estudiantes el pensamiento crítico implica hurgar en una larga variedad de contextos. Hace dos años en nuestras clases de Economía para futuros ingenieros egresados del Departamento de Ingeniería e Investigaciones Tecnológicas (DIIT) de la Universidad Nacional de la Matanza (UNLaM) decidimos arriesgarnos a experimentar estrategias de aprendizaje activo, entre ellas la simulación y el estudio de casos. El objetivo era, esencialmente, experimentar un nuevo camino. Dado que, por prudencia, las experiencias iban a ser modestas, no esperábamos cambios significativos en el rendimiento de los alumnos y siempre nos guardábamos la posibilidad de regresar al camino de salida. Las experiencias que se han recogido sobre 309 encuestas realizadas a los estudiantes de economía, pretenden dar algunas ideas acerca de la aplicación de las metodologías utilizadas, animando a un mayor número de docentes a experimentar en sus cursos. El trabajo presenta los resultados de las experiencias que han funcionado en nuestras clases, que son muy parecidas a las clases de cualquiera de nuestros colegas.Trabajo publicado en Giordano, Carlos José y Morandi, Glenda (comps.). Memorias de las 2º Jornadas sobre las Prácticas Docentes en la Universidad Pública. La enseñanza universitaria a 100 años de la reforma: legados, transformaciones y compromisos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata: La Plata, 2019.Presidenci

Los juegos de simulación y el empleo del estudio de casos como recurso didáctico para la enseñanza de economía

Aplicar metodologías activas en la enseñanza para desarrollar en los estudiantes el pensamiento crítico implica hurgar en una larga variedad de contextos. Hace dos años en nuestras clases de Economía para futuros ingenieros egresados del Departamento de Ingeniería e Investigaciones Tecnológicas (DIIT) de la Universidad Nacional de la Matanza (UNLaM) decidimos arriesgarnos a experimentar estrategias de aprendizaje activo, entre ellas la simulación y el estudio de casos. El objetivo era, esencialmente, experimentar un nuevo camino. Dado que, por prudencia, las experiencias iban a ser modestas, no esperábamos cambios significativos en el rendimiento de los alumnos y siempre nos guardábamos la posibilidad de regresar al camino de salida. Las experiencias que se han recogido sobre 309 encuestas realizadas a los estudiantes de economía, pretenden dar algunas ideas acerca de la aplicación de las metodologías utilizadas, animando a un mayor número de docentes a experimentar en sus cursos. El trabajo presenta los resultados de las experiencias que han funcionado en nuestras clases, que son muy parecidas a las clases de cualquiera de nuestros colegas.Trabajo publicado en Giordano, Carlos José y Morandi, Glenda (comps.). Memorias de las 2º Jornadas sobre las Prácticas Docentes en la Universidad Pública. La enseñanza universitaria a 100 años de la reforma: legados, transformaciones y compromisos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata: La Plata, 2019.Presidenci