Functional expression of a human TCRβ gene in transgenic mice

A functionally rearranged TCRβ (Tcrb) gene was isolated from a cloned human T helper cell recognizing the CS.T3 epitope of Plasmodium falciparum with HLA-DR2. Transgenic mice were generated by co-injection of the human gene together with the mouse Tcrb enhancer. Analysis of transgenic mice shows that the functional Tcrb gene of xenogenic, i.e. human, origin exerts allelic exclusion of endogenous Tcrb genes. Cytofluorometric analysis revealed expression of the human TCRβ chain on virtually all thymocytes and peripheral T cells together with endogenous TCRβ chains and CD3 components. No surface expression of mouse TCRβ chain or rearrangement of endogenous Tcr genes was detectable. Expression of the hybrid receptor causes a reduction in the number of thymocytes and a bias for CD4+CD8− T cells in the thymus as compared with non-transgenic littermates. Peripheral transgenic T cells mount a normal prollferative response against allogenelc targets in mixed lymphocyte reactions. These results show that a hybrid mouse/human TCR is able to pass positive and negative selection in the thymus, and is functional in transgenic mic

Spirituality in general practice

In a pluraIist and secular society, as well as in a medical world which is becoming increasingly evidence-based, making a case for consideration of spirituaIity in general practice may seem futile and irrelevant. Notwithstanding such an apparent paradoxical proposal, developments occurring in other specialties 1 as well as in general practice abroad reveal that it is high time that this theme is addressed academically and impIications appIied in local practice.peer-reviewe

Dissertatio Iuridica De Iure Weichbildorum

Quam ... Praeside Dn. Augusto Benedicto Carpzov ... Publico eruditorum examini subiicit Joh. Joachimus Rothe ... Autor Et Respondens. D. 17. Aprilis 1673. H.L.Q.C

Nachdem der Aller Durchlauchtigste, Großmächtigste König in Pohlen und Chur-Fürst zu Sachsen [et]c. ... die Tranck-Steuer, instehenden 1700ten Jahres auszuschreiben folgender massen allergnädigst anbefohlen ...

NACHDEM DER ALLER DURCHLAUCHTIGSTE, GROSSMÄCHTIGSTE KÖNIG IN POHLEN UND CHUR-FÜRST ZU SACHSEN [ET]C. ... DIE TRANCK-STEUER, INSTEHENDEN 1700TEN JAHRES AUSZUSCHREIBEN FOLGENDER MASSEN ALLERGNÄDIGST ANBEFOHLEN ... Nachdem der Aller Durchlauchtigste, Großmächtigste König in Pohlen und Chur-Fürst zu Sachsen [et]c. ... die Tranck-Steuer, instehenden 1700ten Jahres auszuschreiben folgender massen allergnädigst anbefohlen ... (1) Text (1

Quality criteria/key components for high quality of diabetes management to avoid diabetes-related complications

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim</jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this review shoud be to map data and to identify quality indicators for good practices for diabetes management and secondary prevention, specifically of type 2 diabetes.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>To achieve this aim we performed the following steps: (i) a literature review on evaluation criteria, (ii) selection of quality criteria and key components for high quality of care, (iii) creation of a checklist to identify the best practice of diabetes management based on the detected criteria.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The literature search about the quality indicators for diabetes care resulted in the following: identifying of key components and quality indicators for structure, process and outcome quality.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>The set of quality criteria will be discussed and used to identify the best practice diabetes management programs for secondary prevention of type 2 diabetes.</jats:p></jats:sec&gt

Study protocol epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review

Introduction The incidence and prevalence of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases in childhood and adolescence is increasing and varies internationally. The systematic literature review aims to describe international epidemiological trends of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases in the child and adolescence age. A period from 1970 to 2019 will be taken into account when searching for suitable studies as well as geographical differences in the development of incidences will be presented.Methods and analysis The literature databases PubMed and Embase will be searched for the period from 01 January 1970 to 31 December 2019 using linked keywords. A manual search in bibliographies of already published and relevant systematic reviews will complete the systematic literature search. The included studies will be combined in a qualitative and quantitative synthesis and statistically evaluated.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required for this study as it is a systematicreview. The results will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals and presented in national andinternational meetings. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency inthe public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. This systematic review protocol was registeredwith the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO-NR:CRD42020168644)