Early Gabapentin Treatment during the Latency Period Increases Convulsive Threshold, Reduces Microglial Activation and Macrophage Infiltration in the Lithium-Pilocarpine Model of Epilepsy

The lithium-pilocarpine model of epilepsy reproduces several features of temporal lobe epilepsy in humans, including the chronological timeline of an initial latency period followed by the development of spontaneous seizures. Epilepsy therapies in humans are implemented, as a rule, after the onset of the spontaneous seizures. We here studied the potential effect on epileptogenesis of starting an early treatment during the latency period, in order to prevent the development of spontaneous seizures. Adult male Wistar rats were treated with 3 mEq/kg LiCl, and 20 h later 30 mg/kg pilocarpine. Once status epilepticus (SE) was achieved, it was allowed to last for 20 min, and then motor seizures were controlled with the administration of 20 mg/kg diazepam. At 1DPSE (DPSE, days post-status epilepticus), animals started to receive 400 mg/kg/day gabapentin or saline for 4 days. At 5DPSE, we observed that SE induced an early profuse microglial and astroglial reactivity, increased synaptogenic trombospondin-1 expression and reduced AQP4 expression in astroglial ending feet. Blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity seemed to be compromised, as infiltrating NG2+ macrophages and facilitated access to the CNS was observed by transplanting eGFP+ blood cells and bone marrow-derived progenitors in the SE animals. The early 4-day gabapentin treatment successfully reduced microglial cell reactivity and blood-borne cell infiltration, without significantly altering the mRNA of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNFα immediately after the treatment. After 21DSPE, another group of animals that developed SE and received 4 days of gabapentin treatment, were re-exposed to subconvulsive accumulative doses of pilocarpine (10 mg/kg/30 min) and were followed by recording the Racine scale reached. Early 4-day gabapentin treatment reduced the Racine scale reached by the animals, reduced animal mortality, and reduced the number of animals that achieved SE (34% vs. 72%). We conclude that early gabapentin treatment following SE, during the latency period, is able to reduce neuroinflammation and produces a persistent effect that limits seizures and increases convulsive threshold, probably by restricting microglial reactivity and spurious synaptogenesis.Fil: Rossi, Alicia Raquel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia ; ArgentinaFil: Murta, Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia ; ArgentinaFil: Auzmendi, Jerónimo Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia ; ArgentinaFil: Ramos, Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia ; Argentin

Psychoanalysis and the “untreatable” in hospitals

En la institución hospitalaria conviven íntimamente la medicina y el psicoanálisis, distintos métodos de interpretación o caminos de una causa que provocan determinados efectos. La ciencia moderna instaló la universalización del sujeto, borrado bajo protocolos que lo alejan de la unicidad y subjetividad. Esta concepción atraviesa también fuertemente a la salud mental. ¿Cómo incluir aquí el enigma singular que aporta cada paciente? Partiendo del análisis de un caso analizaremos la clínica de época, exponente del malestar actual de la cultura con sus excesos; ira, furia y violencia que incluye también la dirigida a la mujer, con total desprecio de lo instituido ¿Cómo se afronta lo intratable o inanalizable en el marco del sistema sanitario público multidisciplinar?.Medicine and psychoanalysis coexist in hospitals with methods of interpretation or ways of a cause producing certain effects. Modern science has universalized the subject by erasing it through protocols and so depriving it of subjective singularity. This concept is also deeply rooted in mental health. How can the singular enigma of each patient be included in it? On the basis of a case analysis, clinical practice today will be analysed as evidence of discontent with civilization along with its own excess, anger, fury, violence and discontent with the instituted. How can the untreatable or the un analysable be faced in a multidisciplinary public health system?.Dossier: Maneras trágicas de matar a una mujer - La sociedad del femicidioHospital Interzonal General de Agudos "Prof. Dr. R. Rossi

El psicoanálisis y lo “intratable” en la institución

Medicine and psychoanalysis coexist in hospitals with methods of interpretation or ways of a cause producing certain effects. Modern science has universalized the subject by erasing it through protocols and so depriving it of subjective singularity. This concept is also deeply rooted in mental health. How can the singular enigma of each patient be included in it? On the basis of a case analysis, clinical practice today will be analysed as evidence of discontent with civilization along with its own excess, anger, fury, violence and discontent with the instituted. How can the untreatable or the un analysable be faced in a multidisciplinary public health system?En la institución hospitalaria conviven íntimamente la medicina y el psicoanálisis, distintos métodos de interpretación o caminos de una causa que provocan determinados efectos. La ciencia moderna instaló la universalización del sujeto, borrado bajo protocolos que lo alejan de la unicidad y subjetividad. Esta concepción atraviesa también fuertemente a la salud mental. ¿Cómo incluir aquí el enigma singular que aporta cada paciente? Partiendo del análisis de un caso analizaremos la clínica de época, exponente del malestar actual de la cultura con sus excesos; ira, furia y violencia que incluye también la dirigida a la mujer, con total desprecio de lo instituido ¿Cómo se afronta lo intratable o inanalizable en el marco del sistema sanitario público multidisciplinar

Estudio clínico de la efectividad de la acupuntura como medio terapéutico en pacientes con dolor orofacial

Objetivo: Evaluar la acción de la acupuntura en pacientes con dolor orofacial. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico sobre el total de los pacientes que fueron atendidos en la Asignatura de Prótesis A en el período 2001/2004 con motivo de dolor orofacial. La cantidad de pacientes tratados fue de 86 personas con un rango de edad entre 20 a 60 años y una media de 33 años.Facultad de Odontologí

The relationship between indicators of socioeconomic status and cesarean section in public hospitals

OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between indicators of socioeconomic status and cesarean section in public hospitals that adopt standardized protocols of obstetrical care. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study conducted between May 2005 and January 2006 with 831 pregnant women recruited from 10 public primary care clinics in São Paulo, Brazil. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected during pregnancy. The three main exposures were schooling, monthly family income per capita, and residential crowding. The main outcome was cesarean section at three public hospitals located in the area. Crude and adjusted risk ratios (RR), with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Poisson regression with robust variance. We examined the effects of each exposure variable on cesarean section accounting for potential confounders by using four different models: crude, adjusted by mother’s characteristics, by obstetrical complications, and by the other two indicators of socioeconomic status. RESULTS Among the 757 deliveries performed in the public hospitals, 215 (28.4%) were by cesarean section. In the bivariate analysis, cesarean section was associated with higher family income per capita, higher education, lower residential crowding, pregnancy planning, white skin color, having a partner, and advanced maternal age. In the multivariate analysis, after adjustment for covariates, none of the socioeconomic status variables remained associated with cesarean section. CONCLUSIONS In this group, the chance of women undergoing cesarean section was not associated with indicators of socioeconomic status only, but was defined in accordance with major obstetric and clinical conditions

Aspectos de la contaminación con nitratos en el agua subterránea de la ciudad de Concordia

En la presente contribución se analiza, mediante una metodología representativa, la calidad del agua su bterránea de la ciudad de Concordia con respecto a los nitratos, cloruros y bicarbonatos y el efecto sobre ella de potenciales fuente de contaminación. A partir de los datos obtenidos en el campo y en el laboratorio se confeccionó un mapa de curvas equipotenciales y una cartografía temática generada a partir de curvas de isocontenidos de nitratos, cloruros, bicarbonatos y la relación iónica cloruros/bicarbonatos. La coincidencia de altos contenidos de nitratos, comportamiento anómalo del cloruro y altos valores de la relación Cl /HCO3, permiten reconocer una fuente de contaminación puntual ubicada en un sector próximo al vertedero de residuos de la ciudad .El resto del área muestra valores muy bajos de concentración de dichas especies iónicas y coincide con un área de recarga ubicada en el centro urbano.This study analyses the groundwater quality and potential effects of pollution sources in it within the ci ty of Concordia using representative methods regarding Nitrates, Chlorides and Bicarbonates. Based on field and laboratory data, a contour map of groundwater table was drawn as well as thematic mapping was made by means of Nitrates, Chlorides, Bicarbonates and CI/HCO3 values. The relation of high levels of Nitrates, anomalous Chloride behavior and high values in CI/HCO3 suggest the existence of a specific source of pollution located near the solid waste disposal facility. The rest of the area shows low concentration levels in such ionic species and it is situated in the recharge area located in the center of town.Universidad Nacional de La Plat

Estudio clínico de la eficacia de la acupuntura en el tratamiento de los trastornos temporomandibulares

Objetivo: Evaluar la acción de la acupuntura en pacientes con TTM. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico sobre el total de los pacientes que fueron atendidos en la Asignatura de Prótesis A en el período 2001/2004 con motivo de TTM. La cantidad de pacientes tratados fue de 86 personas con un rango de edad entre 20 a 60 años y una media de 33 años. Para medir el dolor se utilizó una escala del 1 al 5 con distintas palabras que le dan nombre al dolor, el paciente se identifica con alguna de ellas y en cada sesión vuelve a identificarlo.Facultad de Odontologí

Effect of Undernutrition on the Cranial Growth of the Rat : An Intergenerational Study

Fil: Cesani Rossi, María Florencia. Centro de Investigaciones en Genética Básica y Aplicada (CIGEBA)Fil: Orden, Alicia Bibiana. Centro de Investigaciones en Genética Básica y Aplicada (CIGEBA)Fil: Zucchi, Mariel. Centro de Investigaciones en Genética Básica y Aplicada (CIGEBA)Fil: Muñe, María Cristina. Centro de Investigaciones en Genética Básica y Aplicada (CIGEBA)Fil: Oyhenart, Evelia Edith. Centro de Investigaciones en Genética Básica y Aplicada (CIGEBA)Fil: Pucciarelli, Héctor Mario. Centro de Investigaciones en Genética Básica y Aplicada (CIGEBA

Morphological transparency and markedness matter in heritage speaker gender processing: an EEG study

The present study investigated the qualitative nature of grammatical gender knowledge and processing in heritage speakers (HSs) of Spanish living in the United States. Forty-four adult Spanish HS bilinguals participated, completing a behavioral grammatical gender assignment task and a grammaticality judgment task (GJT) while their brain activity was recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). The EEG GJT task included grammatical and ungrammatical sentences with grammatical gender violations on inanimate nouns, where transparency of the morpho(phono)logical cue and markedness were manipulated. The results of this study revealed that grammatical gender violations elicited the typical P600 effect across all relevant conditions, indicating that the grammatical representations and processing of grammatical gender in HSs are qualitatively similar to those in Spanish-dominant native speakers. Given the experimental manipulation in this study, these findings also suggest that both morphological transparency and markedness play significant roles in how grammatical gender is processed. However, the results of this study differ from those reported in previous studies with Spanish-dominant native speakers, as the P600 effect found was accompanied by a biphasic N400 effect. This pattern of results is interpreted as further evidence that the bilingual experience of HSs modulates certain aspects of morphosyntactic processing, particularly conferring a greater reliance on morphology. Additionally, the results of this study highlight the importance of incorporating neurolinguistic online processing methods to better understand what underlies HS bilingual competence and processing outcomes