Women in contemporary cancer research

Despite recent advances, gender inequality persists in many scientific fields, including medicine. Thus far, no study has extensively analyzed the gender composition of contemporary researchers in the oncology field. We examined 40 oncological journals (Web of Science, ONCOLOGY category) with different impact factors (Q1-Q4) and extracted all the articles and reviews published during 2015 17, in order to identify the gender of their authors. Our data showed that women represent about 38% of all the authorships, both in articles and reviews. In relative terms, women are overrepresented as first authors of articles (43.8%), and clearly underrepresented as last or senior authors (<30%). This double pattern, also observed in other medical fields, suggests that age, or more specifically, seniority, may play some role in the gender composition of cancer researchers. Examining the pattern of collaboration, an interesting finding was observed: the articles signed by a woman in the first or in the last position roughly showed gender parity in the byline. We found also some differences in the content of the articles depending on which gender occupies the first and last positions of the authorships

New Mexico cloud super cooled liquid water survey final report 2009.

Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories are partners in an effort to survey the super-cooled liquid water in clouds over the state of New Mexico in a project sponsored by the New Mexico Small Business Assistance Program. This report summarizes the scientific work performed at Sandia National Laboratories during the 2009. In this second year of the project a practical methodology for estimating cloud super-cooled liquid water was created. This was accomplished through the analysis of certain MODIS sensor satellite derived cloud products and vetted parameterizations techniques. A software code was developed to analyze multiple cases automatically. The eighty-one storm events identified in the previous year effort from 2006-2007 were again the focus. Six derived MODIS products were obtained first through careful MODIS image evaluation. Both cloud and clear-sky properties from this dataset were determined over New Mexico. Sensitivity studies were performed that identified the parameters which most influenced the estimation of cloud super-cooled liquid water. Limited validation was undertaken to ensure the soundness of the cloud super-cooled estimates. Finally, a path forward was formulized to insure the successful completion of the initial scientific goals which include analyzing different of annual datasets, validation of the developed algorithm, and the creation of a user-friendly and interactive tool for estimating cloud super-cooled liquid water

A Supercooled Water Cloud Detection Algorithm Using Himawari‐8 Satellite Measurements

International audienceThe detection of supercooled water clouds (SWCs) is essential for artificial rain enhancement, the prevention of aircraft ice accretion, and better understanding of radiative energy balance. However, it is challenging to identify SWCs using only passive satellite measurements. We adopt measurements from the Advanced Himawari Imager, which is onboard the new-generation, high temporal, spatial, and spectral resolution geostationary Himawari-8 satellite, to develop a time-continuous Himawari-8 SWC (HSWC) algorithm. The HSWC algorithm includes a group of tests using comprehensive cloud properties (e.g., cloud phase [CPH], cloud top temperature, cloud optical thickness, and cloud effective radius [CER]). Unlike previous SWC detection algorithms, which are based on cloud top temperature and cloud optical thickness properties, we introduce CER and CPH information into the HSWC algorithm because the distribution of SWCs is sensitive to CER values, and SWCs may appear in mixed-phase clouds identified by satellites. Our analyses indicate that the additions of the CER and CPH tests could improve the performance of SWC detection by 15.07% and 4.75%, respectively. The full disk SWC detection results identified by the HSWC algorithm in January, May, August, and October of 2017 are validated using lidar measurements. The hit rate and false alarm rate are 93.52% and 25.27%, respectively. Our study provides potential SWC regions for the implementation of artificial rain enhancement