155 research outputs found
InquĂ©rito sorolĂłgico para a rubĂ©ola em professoras do municĂpio de SĂŁo Paulo, Brasil
The sera of 415 female schoolteachers aged 20 to 35 years and over, from the city of SĂŁo Paulo, Brazil, were tested for rubella hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies. Antibodies to rubella virus were found in 67.9%. Of these, 59.5% had titers ranging from 1:8 to 1:32 and 8.4% had titers of 1:64 and higher. No significant differences were observed between age-groups. Four of 35 sera with titers of 1:64 and higher showed reduction in the hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titer after treatment with 2 ME, a sulphydryl-reduction compound wich breaks down IgM immunoglobulins. Some comments are presented on the necessity of developing programs of routine tests for the continuing assessment of the susceptibility of schoolteachers to rubella infection and vaccination, provided adequate precautions are followed.Estudou-se a distribuição etária de anticorpos inibidores da hemaglutinação para o vĂrus da rubĂ©ola em 415 soros de professoras de 27 parques infantis e 75 escolas municipais, da rede municipal de ensino de SĂŁo Paulo. Deste total, 67,9% dos soros apresentavam tĂtulos iguais ou superiores a 8, considerados como indicativos da presença de imunidade. NĂŁo se observaram diferenças significativas entre os diversos grupos etários estudados, relativamente Ă distribuição dos porcentuais de positividade. A distribuição porcentual dos tĂtulos de anticorpos inibidores da hemaglutinação foi de 32,1% para tĂtulos menores do que 8, 29,3% para tĂtulo 8, 18,1% para tĂtulo 16, 12,1% para tĂtulo 32 e 8,4% para tĂtulos iguais ou superiores a 64. De 35 soros com tĂtulos iguais ou superiores a 64, apĂłs tratamento com 2-mercapto-etanol, 4 sofreram uma redução significativa do tĂtulo. SĂŁo feitas algumas considerações sobre os riscos de infecção a que estĂŁo sujeitas as professoras e sugere-se, entre os requisitos exigidos para a admissĂŁo das mesmas nas redes oficiais e particulares de ensino, o diagnĂłstico sorolĂłgico da rubĂ©ola, bem como o estabelecimento de um serviço de vacinação, devidamente controlado
Resposta sorológica de adultos à vacinação contra a rubéola
The effect of Wistar RA 27/3 live attenuated rubella virus vaccine, given subcutaneously, was evaluated in 30 susceptible female schoolteachers aged 20 to 35 years and over, from the city of SĂŁo Paulo, Brazil. The serum samples, to be tested for hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) and complement fixing (CF) antibodies, were collected 10, 30, 90 and 180 days after vaccination. Of the 30 susceptible adults who received the Wistar RA 27/3 vaccine, 96,6% showed seroconversion in the HI and CF tests. No unusual reactions occured.Foi estudada a resposta sorolĂłgica Ă vacinação contra a rubĂ©ola, por via subcutânea, com a cepa vacinal viva atenuada Wistar RA 27/3, num grupo de 30 professoras da rede municipal de ensino de SĂŁo Paulo. Foram escolhidos, como participantes do grupo, indivĂduos destituĂdos de imunidade contra a rubĂ©ola, tendo as dosagens de anticorpos inibidores da hemaglutinação e fixadores do complemento sido feitas em amostras de soro colhidas 10, 30, 90 e 180 dias apĂłs a vacinação. Tanto nas provas de inibição da hemaglutinação, como fixação do complemento, observou-se uma soro-conversĂŁo de 96,6%. NĂŁo se observaram quaisquer relações vacinais no grupo em estudo
Identificação por contraimunoeletroforese de rotavirus em casos de diarréia infantil
The faecal samples of 162 children with acute diarrhea were tested by counterimmunoelectrophoresis in order to detect rotaviruses. In 72.7%, 77.7% and 66.6% of samples from children of different age groups, varying from 6 to 8 months to 1 year or older, a positive result was found.Os resultados obtidos na identificação de rotavirus, usando a técnica da contraimunoeletroforese, com 162 amostras de feses de crianças com quadros diarréicos agudos, mostram uma distribuição percentual de positividade de 72,7%, 77,7% e 66,6% em diferentes grupos etários de 6 a 8 meses até um ano de idade
A reação de fixação do complemento na identificação de rotavĂrus humano
ApĂłs a eliminação da anticomplementaridade, foi utilizada a reação de fixação do complemento na identificação de rotavĂrus em 134 amostras de fezes de crianças atĂ© um ano de idade, com quadros diarrĂ©icos agudos. A percentagem total de positividade foi de 28,7% com percentagens mais elevadas de casos positivos nos grupos etários de 6 meses a 1 ano de idade.After eliminating the anticomplementarity of the fecal extracts, complement fixation was used to detect human rotavirus in the stools of 35 (28.7%) out of 122 one-to twelve-month-old children with acute gastroenteritis. Infection was nigher in the 6-to 12-month-old children
Investigation of Electron Transfer-Based Photonic and Electro-Optic Materials and Devices
Montanaâs state program began its sixth year in 2006. The projectâs research cluster focused on physical, chemical, and biological materials that exhibit unique electron-transfer properties. Our investigators have filed several patents and have also have established five spin-off businesses (3 MSU, 2 UM) and a research center (MT Tech). In addition, this project involved faculty and students at three campuses (MSU, UM, MT Tech) and has a number of under-represented students, including 10 women and 5 Native Americans. In 2006, there was an added emphasis on exporting seminars and speakers via the Internet from UM to Chief Dull Knife Community College, as well as work with the MT Department of Commerce to better educate our faculty regarding establishing small businesses, licensing and patent issues, and SBIR program opportunities
The implementation of medical revalidation: an assessment using normalisation process theory
Abstract Background Medical revalidation is the process by which all licensed doctors are legally required to demonstrate that they are up to date and fit to practise in order to maintain their licence. Revalidation was introduced in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2012, constituting significant change in the regulation of doctors. The governing body, the General Medical Council (GMC), envisages that revalidation will improve patient care and safety. This potential however is, in part, dependent upon how successfully revalidation is embedded into routine practice. The aim of this study was to use Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) to explore issues contributing to or impeding the implementation of revalidation in practice. Methods We conducted seventy-one interviews with sixty UK policymakers and senior leaders at different points during the development and implementation of revalidation: in 2011 (n = 31), 2013 (n = 26) and 2015 (n = 14). We selected interviewees using purposeful sampling. NPT was used as a framework to enable systematic analysis across the interview sets. Results Initial lack of consensus over revalidation’s purpose, and scepticism about its value, decreased over time as participants recognised the benefits it brought to their practice (coherence category of NPT). Though acceptance increased across time, revalidation was not seen as a legitimate part of their role by all doctors. Key individuals, notably the Responsible Officer (RO), were vital for the successful implementation of revalidation in organisations (cognitive participation category). The ease with which revalidation could be integrated into working practices varied greatly depending on the type of role a doctor held and the organisation they work for and the provision of resources was a significant variable in this (collective action category). Formal evaluation of revalidation in organisations was lacking but informal evaluation was taking place. Revalidation had not yet reached the stage where feedback was being used for improvement (reflexive monitoring category). Conclusions Requiring all organisations to use the same revalidation model made revalidation easy to integrate into existing work for some but problematic for others. In order for revalidation to be fully embedded and successful, impeding factors, such as a lack of resources, need to be addressed
A meta-analysis of long-term effects of conservation agriculture on maize grain yield under rain-fed conditions
Conservation agriculture involves reduced tillage, permanent soil cover and crop rotations to enhance soil fertility and to supply food from a dwindling land resource. Recently, conservation agriculture has been promoted in Southern Africa, mainly for maize-based farming systems. However, maize yields under rain-fed conditions are often variable. There is therefore a need to identify factors that influence crop yield under conservation agriculture and rain-fed conditions. Here, we studied maize grain yield data from experiments lasting 5 years and more under rain-fed conditions. We assessed the effect of long-term tillage and residue retention on maize grain yield under contrasting soil textures, nitrogen input and climate. Yield variability was measured by stability analysis. Our results show an increase in maize yield over time with conservation agriculture practices that include rotation and high input use in low rainfall areas. But we observed no difference in system stability under those conditions. We observed a strong relationship between maize grain yield and annual rainfall. Our meta-analysis gave the following findings: (1) 92% of the data show that mulch cover in high rainfall areas leads to lower yields due to waterlogging; (2) 85% of data show that soil texture is important in the temporal development of conservation agriculture effects, improved yields are likely on well-drained soils; (3) 73% of the data show that conservation agriculture practices require high inputs especially N for improved yield; (4) 63% of data show that increased yields are obtained with rotation but calculations often do not include the variations in rainfall within and between seasons; (5) 56% of the data show that reduced tillage with no mulch cover leads to lower yields in semi-arid areas; and (6) when adequate fertiliser is available, rainfall is the most important determinant of yield in southern Africa. It is clear from our results that conservation agriculture needs to be targeted and adapted to specific biophysical conditions for improved impact
Merenda no dia alimentar de crianças matriculadas em Centros de Educação e Alimentação do Pré-Escolar
Carreiras sem fronteiras na gestão pessoal da transição profissional: um estudo com ex-funcionários de uma instituição privatizada
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