1,172 research outputs found
Public Benefits of Undeveloped Lands on Urban Outskirts: Non-Market Valuation Studies and their Role in Land Use Plans
Over the past three decades, the economics profession has developed methods for estimating the public benefits of green spaces, providing an opportunity to incorporate such information into land-use planning. While federal regulations routinely require such estimates for major regulations, the extent to which they are used in local land use plans is not clear. This paper reviews the literature on public values for lands on urban outskirts, not just to survey their methods or empirical findings, but to evaluate the role they have played--or have the potential to play-- in actual land use plans. Based on interviews with authors and representatives of funding agencies and local land trusts, it appears that academic work has had a mixed reception in the policy world. Reasons for this include a lack of interest in making academic work accessible to policy makers, emphasizing revealed preference methods which are inconsistent with policy priorities related to nonuse values, and emphasis on benefit-cost analyses. Nevertheless, there are examples of success stories that illustrate how such information can play a vital role in the design of conservation policies. Working Paper 07-2
Ejektorwirkung bei vertikalen Kaplanturbinen Experimentelle Untersuchungen am Modell und Feldversuche an Prototypenanlagen
A genome-wide association study on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation reveals novel genomic loci associated with transplant outcomes
Copyright \ua9 2024 Rosenberger, Crossland, Dressel, Kube, Wolff, Wulf, Bickeb\uf6ller, Dickinson and Holler.Introduction: Data on genomic susceptibility for adverse outcomes after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for recipients are scarce. Methods: We performed a genome wide association study (GWAS) to identify genes associated with survival/mortality, relapse, and severe graft-versus-host disease (sGvHD), fitting proportional hazard and subdistributional models to data of n=1,392 recipients of European ancestry from three centres. Results: The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17154454, intronic to the neuronal growth guidant semaphorin 3C gene (SEMA3C), was genome-wide significantly associated with event-free survival (p=7.0x10-8) and sGvHD (p=7.5x10-8). Further associations were detected for SNPs in the Paxillin gene (PXN) with death without prior relapse or sGvHD, as well as for SNPs of the Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 gene (PVT1, a long non-coding RNA gene), the Melanocortin 5 Receptor (MC5R) gene and the WW Domain Containing Oxidoreductase gene (WWOX), all associated with the occurrence of sGvHD. Functional considerations support the observed associations. Discussion: Thus, new genes were identified, potentially influencing the outcome of HSCT
On the Influence of Pulse Shapes on Ionization Probability
We investigate analytical expressions for the upper and lower bounds for the
ionization probability through ultra-intense shortly pulsed laser radiation. We
take several different pulse shapes into account, including in particular those
with a smooth adiabatic turn-on and turn-off. For all situations for which our
bounds are applicable we do not find any evidence for bound-state
stabilization.Comment: 21 pages LateX, 10 figure
A New Family of Covariate-Adjusted Response Adaptive Designs and their Asymptotic Properties
It is often important to incorporating covariate information in the design of
clinical trials. In literature, there are many designs of using stratification
and covariate-adaptive randomization to balance on certain known covariate.
Recently Zhang, Hu, Cheung and Chan (2007) have proposed a family of
covariate-adjusted response-adaptive (CARA) designs and studied their
asymptotic properties. However, these CARA designs often have high
variabilities. In this paper, we propose a new family of covariate-adjusted
response-adaptive (CARA) designs. We show that the new designs have smaller
variabilities and therefore more efficient
Electron correlation vs. stabilization: A two-electron model atom in an intense laser pulse
We study numerically stabilization against ionization of a fully correlated
two-electron model atom in an intense laser pulse. We concentrate on two
frequency regimes: very high frequency, where the photon energy exceeds both,
the ionization potential of the outer {\em and} the inner electron, and an
intermediate frequency where, from a ``single active electron''-point of view
the outer electron is expected to stabilize but the inner one is not. Our
results reveal that correlation reduces stabilization when compared to results
from single active electron-calculations. However, despite this destabilizing
effect of electron correlation we still observe a decreasing ionization
probability within a certain intensity domain in the high-frequency case. We
compare our results from the fully correlated simulations with those from
simpler, approximate models. This is useful for future work on ``real''
more-than-one electron atoms, not yet accessible to numerical {\em ab initio}
methods.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures in an extra ps-file, submitted to Phys. Rev. A,
updated references and shortened introductio
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Biases in the perceived timing of perisaccadic perceptual and motor events
Subjects typically experience the temporal interval immediately following a saccade as longer than a comparable control interval. One explanation of this effect is that the brain antedates the perceptual onset of a saccade target to around the time of saccade initiation. This could explain the apparent continuity of visual perception across eye movements. Thisantedating account was tested in three experiments in which subjects made saccades of differing extents and then judged either the duration or the temporal order of key events. Postsaccadic stimuli underwent subjective temporal lengthening and had early perceived onsets. A temporally advanced awareness of saccade completion was also found, independently of antedating effects. These results provide convergent evidence supporting antedating and differentiating it from other temporal biases
Resource selection of deer hunters in Georgia\u27s Appalachian Mountains
Whiteâtailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and hunters on 2 Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) within the Chattahoochee National Forest of northern Georgia, USA, significantly declined in number from the 1980s to 2018. Managers were interested in understanding how they could manipulate hunter distribution according to deer management goals. To understand the spatial distribution of hunting pressure and factors driving hunter resource selection, we analyzed GPS tracking data from 58 deer hunters over the 2018â2019 and 2019â2020 hunting seasons. We evaluated hunter selection on 3 spatial scales relative to elevation, slope, and distance from roads, trails, wildlife openings, deciduous forest, mixed forest, and evergreen forest. We incorporated covariates into 6 binary logistic regression models, plus a null model, within a used versus available framework. First, we compared hunter locations to available locations generated within the 2 WMAs. Elevation and distance to deciduous forest had the greatest effect on hunter selection, where hunters selected for lower elevations and closer proximity to deciduous forest. Second, we compared individual hunting bout locations to available locations generated within a buffer around the hunter\u27s starting location with a buffer radius equal to the maximum distance they travelled from their starting location. At the bout scale, distance to wildlife openings and elevation were the most important drivers of hunter selection; hunters selected areas closer to wildlife openings and higher elevations. Third, we compared individual hunter stand locations (used) to randomly selected locations along the hunter\u27s travel path (available). Only distance to roads and deciduous forest were significant in explaining hunter selection of stands. Hunters chose locations farther from roads and closer to deciduous forest relative to their travel paths. Mapping our WMAâscale results revealed that only 5% of the total WMA area contained a greater relative probability of hunter selection compared to the probability of nonâselection. Our results suggest that vast refuge areas for deer likely existed on the WMAs during our study period. Manipulating hunter distribution is not necessary to aid in sustaining deer on either WMA at this time
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