Exploring the optimal allostatic load scoring method in women of reproductive age

AimsThe aim of this study was to determine the optimal allostatic load scoring method.DesignThis is a secondary analysis of data on women of reproductive age from the 2001-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.MethodsWe created allostatic load summary scores using five scoring methods including the count-based, Z-Score, logistic regression, factor analysis and grade of membership methods. Then, we examined the predictive performance of each allostatic load summary measure in relation to three outcomes: general health status, diabetes and hypertension.ResultsWe found that the allostatic load summary measure by the logistic regression method had the highest predictive validity with respect to the three outcomes. The logistic regression method performed significantly better than the count-based and grade of membership methods for predicting diabetes as well as performed significantly better for predicting hypertension than all of the other methods. But the five scoring methods performed similarly for predicting poor health status.ConclusionWe recommended the logistic regression method when the outcome information is available, otherwise the frequently used simpler count-based method may be a good alternative.ImpactThe study compared different scoring methods and made recommendations for the optimal scoring approach. We found that allostatic load summary measure by the logistic regression method had the strongest predictive validity with respect to general health status, diabetes and hypertension. The study may provide empirical evidence for future research to use the recommended scoring approach to score allostatic load. The allostatic load index may serve as an -early warning- indicator for health risk.ç ®ç è¿ é¡¹ç  ç©¶ç ç ®ç å ¨äº ,ç¡®å® æ ä½³é åº è´ è ·è¯ å æ ¹æ³ ã è®¾è®¡è¿ æ ¯å¯¹2001å¹´è ³2006æ é ´å ¨å ½å ¥åº·å è ¥å »æ£ æ ¥è° æ ¥ä¸­è ²é¾ å¦ å¥³æ °æ ®ç äº æ¬¡å æ ã æ ¹æ³ æ ä»¬ä½¿ç ¨äº äº ç§ è¯ å æ ¹æ³ (å æ ¬å ºäº è®¡æ °æ³ ã Z计å æ³ ã é »è¾ å å½ æ³ ã å  å­ å æ æ³ å é ¶å± åº¦æ ¹æ³ )æ ¥å å»ºäº é åº è´ è ·æ± æ »å æ °ã ç ¶å ,æ ä»¬æ£ æ ¥äº ä¸ ä¸ ä¸ªç» æ ç ¸å ³ç å ç§ é åº è´ è ·æ± æ »æ °å ¼ç é¢ æµ æ §è ½:æ ´ä½ å ¥åº·ç ¶æ ã ç³ å°¿ç å é« è¡ å ã ç» æ æ 们å ç °,é »è¾ å å½ æ³ ç é åº è´ è ·æ± æ »å æ °å¯¹è¿ ä¸ ä¸ªç» æ å ·æ æ é« ç é¢ æµ æ 度ã é »è¾ å å½ æ³ å ¨é¢ æµ ç³ å°¿ç æ ¹é ¢ç è¡¨ç °æ æ ¾ä¼ äº å ºäº è®¡æ °æ³ å é ¶å± åº¦æ ¹æ³ ,å ¨é¢ æµ é« è¡ å æ ¹é ¢ç è¡¨ç °ä¹ æ æ ¾ä¼ äº æ æ å ¶ä» æ ¹æ³ ã ä½ è¿ äº ç§ è¯ å æ ¹æ³ å ¨é¢ æµ ä¸ è ¯å ¥åº·ç ¶æ æ ¹é ¢ç è¡¨ç °ç ¸ä¼¼ã ç» è®ºå½ ç» æ èµ æ å ¯ç ¨æ ¶,æ ä»¬æ ¨è é »è¾ å å½ æ³ ,å ¨å ¶ä» æ ¹é ¢,å¸¸ç ¨ä¸ æ ´ç® å ç å ºäº è®¡æ °æ³ å ¯è ½ä¹ æ ¯ä¸ ä¸ªä¸ é ç é æ ©ã å½±å è¯¥ç  ç©¶æ¯ è¾ äº ä¸ å ç è¯ å æ ¹æ³ ,并æ å ºäº æ ä½³è¯ å æ ¹æ³ ç 建议ã æ 们å ç °ç ¨é »è¾ å å½ æ³ è¿ è¡ ç é åº è´ è ·æ± æ »å æ °å¯¹æ ´ä½ å ¥åº·ç ¶æ ã ç³ å°¿ç å é« è¡ å å ·æ æ 强ç é¢ æµ æ æ æ §ã è¯¥ç  ç©¶å ¯ä»¥ä¸ºä» å ä½¿ç ¨æ ¨è ç è¯ å æ ¹æ³ å¯¹æ æ é åº è´ è ·è¯ å æ ä¾ å® éª æ §è¯ æ ®ã é åº è´ è ·æ æ °å ¯ä»¥ä½ ä¸ºå ¥åº·é£ é ©ç -é¢ è­¦-æ æ  ãPeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151983/1/jan14014_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151983/2/jan14014.pd

Towards Modeling Anhedonia and Its Treatment in Zebrafish

Mood disorders, especially depression, are a major cause of human disability. The loss of pleasure (anhedonia) is a common, severely debilitating symptom of clinical depression. Experimental animal models are widely used to better understand depression pathogenesis and to develop novel antidepressant therapies. In rodents, various experimental models of anhedonia have already been developed and extensively validated. Complementing rodent studies, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) is emerging as a powerful model organism to assess pathobiological mechanisms of affective disorders, including depression. Here, we critically discuss the potential of zebrafish for modeling anhedonia and studying its molecular mechanisms and translational implications. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of CINP

Low‐carbon transition risks for finance

The transition to a low‐carbon economy will entail a large‐scale structural change. Some industries will have to expand their relative economic weight, while other industries, especially those directly linked to fossil fuel production and consumption, will have to decline. Such a systemic shift may have major repercussions on the stability of financial systems, via abrupt asset revaluations, defaults on debt, and the creation of bubbles in rising industries. Studies on previous industrial transitions have shed light on the financial transition risks originating from rapidly rising “sunrise” industries. In contrast, a similar conceptual understanding of risks from declining “sunset” industries is currently lacking. We substantiate this claim with a critical review of the conceptual and historical literature, which also shows that most literature either examines structural change in the real economy, or risks to financial stability, but rarely both together. We contribute to filling this research gap by developing a consistent theoretical framework of the drivers, transmission channels, and impacts of the phase‐out of carbon‐intensive industries on the financial system and on the feedback from the financial system into the rest of the economy. We also review the state of play of policy aiming to protect the financial system from transition risks and spell out research implications