Antibiofilm and antifungal potential about pathogenic isolates of Candida non-albicans of different types of brazilian propolis

A própolis é um material resinoso coletado pelas abelhas de diversas partes das plantas como brotos, folhas jovens e exsudatos. É utilizado para embalsamar animais que tenham morrido dentro da colmeia, vedar as paredes e conferir proteção frente a doenças. O emprego desse produto natural com finalidade medicinal remonta a antiguidade, tendo iniciado junto com antigas civilizações como a Egípcia, Grega e Romana e perduram até os dias atuais com ampla utilização em múltiplas finalidades terapêuticas médicas e veterinárias. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o potencial antifúngico, a capacidade de remover e inibir biofilmes de espécies de Candida não-albicans de diferentes tipos de própolis e analisar a composição química da própolis obtida do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Foram realizadas macerações e extrações sequenciais com solventes em ordem crescente de polaridade a fim de purificar os extratos. Em seguida foi feita a determinação da atividade antifúngica pelo método da microdiluição em caldo e o ensaio de remoção e inibição de biofilmes através de teste em corpo de prova (utilizando cateter como material teste). Após, foi realizada a análise química da fração diclorometano de própolis obtida do RS. De modo geral, os extratos e frações de própolis vermelha e própolis nativa do RS demonstraram forte atividade anti-Candida frente às leveduras testadas e significativa capacidade de remoção de seu biofilme aderido em cateteres, como corpo de prova. A própolis verde apresentou baixo espectro de ação antifúngica. A análise química da fração diclorometano de própolis obtida do RS levou ao isolamento dos flavonoides pinocembrina, pinostrobina e pinostrobina chalcona. Os resultados evidenciam o potencial da própolis nativa do RS e da própolis vermelha para o desenvolvimento de novos agentes antifúngicos e desinfetantes contra Candida não-albicans.Propolis is a resinous material collected by bees from various plant parts such as buds, young leaves and exudates. It is used to embalm animals that have died inside the hive, seal the walls and confer protection against the disease. The use of this natural product with medicinal purposes dates back to antiquity, having started with ancient civilizations as the Egyptian, Greek and Roman, and lasted to the present day with extensive use in multiple medical and veterinary therapeutic purposes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal potential, the ability to remove and inhibit biofilms of Candida non-albicans of different types of propolis and analyze the chemical composition of propolis obtained from Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Maceration and sequential extractions with solvents in order of increasing polarity were performed to purify the extracts. Then the antifungal activity was determined by the method of broth microdilution testing and removal and inhibition of biofilms through test of body of proof (catheter using as test material). After, the chemical analysis of the dichloromethane fraction of propolis obtained in RS was performed. In general, the extracts and fractions of propolis of RS demonstrated strong anti-Candida activity across the tested yeasts and significant capacity removal of biofilm attached in catheter, as test body. The green propolis had low action spectrum antifungal. Chemical analysis of the dichloromethane fraction of propolis native to RS led to the isolation of the flavonoids pinocembrin, chalcone pinostrobin and pinostrobin. The results show the potential of the RS native propolis and red propolis for the development of new antifungal agents and disinfectants against non-albicans Candida

Antibiofilm and antifungal potential about pathogenic isolates of Candida non-albicans of different types of brazilian propolis

A própolis é um material resinoso coletado pelas abelhas de diversas partes das plantas como brotos, folhas jovens e exsudatos. É utilizado para embalsamar animais que tenham morrido dentro da colmeia, vedar as paredes e conferir proteção frente a doenças. O emprego desse produto natural com finalidade medicinal remonta a antiguidade, tendo iniciado junto com antigas civilizações como a Egípcia, Grega e Romana e perduram até os dias atuais com ampla utilização em múltiplas finalidades terapêuticas médicas e veterinárias. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o potencial antifúngico, a capacidade de remover e inibir biofilmes de espécies de Candida não-albicans de diferentes tipos de própolis e analisar a composição química da própolis obtida do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Foram realizadas macerações e extrações sequenciais com solventes em ordem crescente de polaridade a fim de purificar os extratos. Em seguida foi feita a determinação da atividade antifúngica pelo método da microdiluição em caldo e o ensaio de remoção e inibição de biofilmes através de teste em corpo de prova (utilizando cateter como material teste). Após, foi realizada a análise química da fração diclorometano de própolis obtida do RS. De modo geral, os extratos e frações de própolis vermelha e própolis nativa do RS demonstraram forte atividade anti-Candida frente às leveduras testadas e significativa capacidade de remoção de seu biofilme aderido em cateteres, como corpo de prova. A própolis verde apresentou baixo espectro de ação antifúngica. A análise química da fração diclorometano de própolis obtida do RS levou ao isolamento dos flavonoides pinocembrina, pinostrobina e pinostrobina chalcona. Os resultados evidenciam o potencial da própolis nativa do RS e da própolis vermelha para o desenvolvimento de novos agentes antifúngicos e desinfetantes contra Candida não-albicans.Propolis is a resinous material collected by bees from various plant parts such as buds, young leaves and exudates. It is used to embalm animals that have died inside the hive, seal the walls and confer protection against the disease. The use of this natural product with medicinal purposes dates back to antiquity, having started with ancient civilizations as the Egyptian, Greek and Roman, and lasted to the present day with extensive use in multiple medical and veterinary therapeutic purposes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal potential, the ability to remove and inhibit biofilms of Candida non-albicans of different types of propolis and analyze the chemical composition of propolis obtained from Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Maceration and sequential extractions with solvents in order of increasing polarity were performed to purify the extracts. Then the antifungal activity was determined by the method of broth microdilution testing and removal and inhibition of biofilms through test of body of proof (catheter using as test material). After, the chemical analysis of the dichloromethane fraction of propolis obtained in RS was performed. In general, the extracts and fractions of propolis of RS demonstrated strong anti-Candida activity across the tested yeasts and significant capacity removal of biofilm attached in catheter, as test body. The green propolis had low action spectrum antifungal. Chemical analysis of the dichloromethane fraction of propolis native to RS led to the isolation of the flavonoids pinocembrin, chalcone pinostrobin and pinostrobin. The results show the potential of the RS native propolis and red propolis for the development of new antifungal agents and disinfectants against non-albicans Candida

Phytochemical studies of food, aromatic and medicinal plants from the Mediterranean region

This work deals with the chemical composition of volatiles from several plants by GC-MS analysis. Two methods were employed for volatile extraction: headspace coupled with solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) to obtain the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) spontaneously emitted by plants and the hydrodistillation to give the essential oils (EOs). In the Chapter 1, the aroma profile of distinct plant parts from eleven edible species (Rubus ulmifolius Schott, Rhus coriaria L., Punica granatum L., Prunus cerasifera Ehrh., Prunus cerasifera ‘Pissardii’, Ziziphus jujuba Miller, Launaea cornuta (Hochst. Ex Oliv. & Hiern) C. Jeffrei, Tagetes lucida Cav., Artemisia dracunculus L., Artemisia Judaica L.) was determined to contribute to their agronomical, and industrial applications. In the Chapter 4, three Helichrysum species (H. arenarium (L.) Moench, H. nudifolium (L.) Less, H. graveolens (M. Bieb.) Sweet) grown in Italy were analyzed to evaluate their possible ornamental use. Chapter 2 deals with the volatile profile of three species (Dittrichia viscosa L. Greuter, Cistus salvifolius L., Lavandula stoechas L.) grown in an abandoned mining site of Elba Island (Italy) to stablish their resistance/ adaption to this compromised environment in comparison with the same plants grown in not contaminated area. Another investigation reported in the Chapter 5 was performed to improve the essential oils extraction of two aromatic plants (Foeniculum vulgare Miller and Myristica fragrans Houttuin) by adding different ionic liquids to the maceration step, before distillation. Finally, the Chapter 3 treats on phytochemical screening of Bituminaria basaltica Miniss., C. Brullo, Brullo, Giusso & Sciandr., a new Italian species, endemic from Filicude Isle (Sicily) was carried out to collaborate for its chemotaxonomic characterization. In this study the aerial parts of B. basaltica were extracted by Soxhlet apparatus with solvents of increasing polarity and the obtained extracts were purified by different chromatographic techniques. Then, the isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopic method, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and by comparison with previous literature data. The chemical composition of essential oil extracted from aerial parts of B. basaltica was evaluated too

Volatile emission of different plant parts and fruit development from Italian cherry plums (Prunus cerasifera and P. cerasifera Pissardii)

The chemical composition of volatiles emitted in vivo from different plant parts of P. cerasifera and P. cerasifera â\u80\u98Pissardiiâ\u80\u99 were collected during the entire biological cycle of the plant growth and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after solid phase micro-extraction (SPME). All the data were submitted to multivariate statistical analysis evidencing many differences amongst the selected plant parts and growth stages. A total of 136 compounds were identified corresponding to 90.1â\u80\u9399.6% of the whole aroma profile of cherry plum samples. Non-terpenes were the most abundant class of constituents present in the volatile emission of all analyzed samples. In particular, the aroma of both fruit stages was mainly characterized by alcohols and esters in different amounts

Phosphate and Phosphonate-Based Ionic Liquids as New Additives in Foeniculum vulgare Essential Oil Extraction

The effect of the addition of four different halide-free ionic liquids (ILs) during the maceration step on Foeniculum vulgare essential oil (EO) extraction by hydrodistillation was investigated. The EO yields and their chemical composition were also evaluated, as well as the possibility of reusing the IL aqueous solutions. Although all the investigated ILs were able to increase EO yields, 1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate (IL1) showed the best performance. In particular, the 1:1 IL1-water mixture increased the EO yield by ∼40%, even after three reuses, maintaining practically the same volatile profile

Chemical composition of volatiles emitted by Ziziphus jujuba during different growth stages

The volatiles emitted in vivo by different organs (leaf, bud flower, flower, green and red fruits) of Ziziphus jujuba were analysed using HS-SPME-GC/MS. A total of 144 compounds were identified corresponding to 94.6–99.4% of the whole aroma profile of jujube samples. The main constituents detected were (E, E)-α-farnesene, (E)-β-ocimene, perillene, γ-terpinene, cis-sabinene-hydrate, trans-sabinene-hydrate and 4-terpineol. The SPME analyses of the collected samples showed different patterns of emission and can contribute to understand their ecological interactions and fruit production management

Phytochemical study of Bituminaria basaltica aerial parts, an Italian endemism

The first phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Bituminaria basaltica, an endemic species from the Aeolian Islands, led to the isolation and identification of eight compounds including plicatin B (3), two furanocoumarins: angelicin (1), psoralen (2), three pterocarpans: erybraedin C (4), 3,9-dihydroxy-4-isoprenyl-pterocarpan (5), bitucarpin A (8) and two flavonoid glycosides: isoorientin (6), daidzin (7). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscospic techniques and compared with data reported in the literature. Sesquiterpenes characterised the essential oil composition of the title plant where β-caryophyllene and germacrene D were the main constituents

Aroma Profile of Rubus ulmifolius Flowers and Fruits During Different Ontogenetic Phases

The chemical composition of spontaneous volatile emission from Rubus ulmifolius flowers and fruits during different stages of development was evaluated by HS-SPME-GC/MS. In total, 155 chemical compounds were identified accounting 84.6 – 99.4% of whole aroma profile of flowers samples and 92.4 – 96.6% for fruit samples. The main constituents were α-copaene, β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, (E,E)-α-farnesene, 1,7-octadien-3-one,2-methyl-6-methylene, tridecane, (E)-2-hexenol acetate, (E)-3-hexenol acetate and cyperene. The results give a chemotaxonomic contribution to the characterization of the VOCs emitted from flowers and fruits during their ontogenic development

Aroma Profile and Essential Oil Composition of Helichrysum species

Essential oils and volatile emission from leaves and flowers of three Helichrysum species (H. arenarium, H. nudifolium, H. graveolens) were analysed by GC- MS and SPME analysis. A total of 112 components were identified in the EOs representing 92.3-99.9% of the whole oil composition, while 109 constituents were identified in the spontaneous volatile emission accounted for 78.7-98.8% of the total volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Sesquiterpenes represented the main class of constituents in the EOs of the majority studied species. β-caryophyllene was the key compound of H. arenarium and H. nudifolium leaves, even though (E)-2-hexenal showed high percentage in H. arenarium leaves. H. graveolens EO showed a good amount of diterpenes (cembrene and beyerene), absent in the other species. SPME analyses were carried out for the first time to complete the chemotaxonomic investigation on the volatile organic constituents of these plant

Chemical composition of essential oil from plants of abandoned mining site of Elba island

<p>The essential oil composition of three spontaneous species growing in an abandoned mining of Elba island was analyzed by GC–MS. A total of 194 compounds were identified representing 73.7–100% of the whole oil composition. The essential oils of <i>Cistus salvifolius</i> and <i>Dittrichia viscosa</i> from this site showed different profiles in comparison with those from not polluted area, where oxygenated sesquiterpenes were the main class. Volatiles from <i>D. viscosa</i> growing in ex-mining area presented 10-epi-γ-eudesmol and α-eudesmol as main compounds while β-caryophyllene and limonene were the main ones in not polluted area. Ambroxide and ambrial were the most important compounds in the essential oil from <i>C. salvifolius</i> harvested in polluted area while nonanal and tridecanal were the main compounds in control samples. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the most abundant class from both <i>Lavandula stoechas</i> samples, with fenchone and camphor as main compounds.</p