Resistance to carbapenems in non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars from humans, animals and food

Non-typhoidal serovars of Salmonella enterica (NTS) are a leading cause of food-borne disease in animals and humans worldwide. Like other zoonotic bacteria, NTS have the potential to act as reservoirs and vehicles for the transmission of antimicrobial drug resistance in different settings. Of particular concern is the resistance to critical “last resort” antimicrobials, such as carbapenems. In contrast to other Enterobacteriaceae (e.g., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter, which are major nosocomial pathogens affecting debilitated and immunocompromised patients), carbapenem resistance is still very rare in NTS. Nevertheless, it has already been detected in isolates recovered from humans, companion animals, livestock, wild animals, and food. Five carbapenemases with major clinical importance—namely KPC (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase) (class A), IMP (imipenemase), NDM (New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase), VIM (Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase) (class B), and OXA-48 (oxacillinase, class D)—have been reported in NTS. Carbapenem resistance due to the production of extended spectrum- or AmpC β-lactamases combined with porin loss has also been detected in NTS. Horizontal gene transfer of carbapenemase-encoding genes (which are frequently located on self-transferable plasmids), together with co- and cross-selective adaptations, could have been involved in the development of carbapenem resistance by NTS. Once acquired by a zoonotic bacterium, resistance can be transmitted from humans to animals and from animals to humans through the food chain. Continuous surveillance of resistance to these “last resort” antibiotics is required to establish possible links between reservoirs and to limit the bidirectional transfer of the encoding genes between S. enterica and other commensal or pathogenic bacteria

Hydrazones as Singular Reagents in Asymmetric Organocatalysis

This Minireview summarizes strategies and developments regarding the use of hydrazones as reagents in asymmetric organocatalysis, their distinct roles in nucleophile–electrophile, cycloaddition, and cyclization reactions. The key structural elements governing the reactivity of these reagents in a preferred pathway will be discussed, as well as their different interactions with organocatalysts, leading to diverse activation modes. Along these studies, the synthetic equivalence of N-monoalkyl, N,N-dialkyl, and N-acyl hydrazones with several synthons is also highlighted. Emphasis is also put on the mechanistic studies performed to understand the observed reactivities. Finally, the functional group transformations performed from the available products has also been analyzed, highlighting the synthetic value of these methodologies, which served to access numerous families of valuable multifunctional compounds and nitrogen-containing heterocycles.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad CTQ2013-48164-C2-1-P, CTQ201348164-C2-2-PEuropean FEDER fundsJunta de Andalucía 2012/FQM 107

Emotional intelligence and hot and cool cognitive control ability

Emotional intelligence (EI) is the ability to perceive, use, understand, and regulate emotions. The EI construct has been organized following three main approaches: performance-based ability model, a self-report mixed model, and a self-report ability model. EI appears to be beneficial to the performance of “hot” (i.e., emotionally laden) cognitive tasks when using performance-based ability models but not when using self-report EI models. The aim of the present study is to analyze the relationship between the three models of EI and cognitive control ability during the performance of hot and “cool” (i.e., non-emotionally laden) “go/no-go” tasks. 187 undergraduate students participated in the experimental design. They completed the three EI tests of interest as well as go/no-go tasks; the stimuli used for the hot and cool cognitive task were faces and geometric figures, respectively. Results show that individuals with higher EI, measured through the performance-based ability test, perform better on a hot cognitive control task. Specifically, we provide evidence for negative associations between the “managing” branch of EI measured through the performance-based ability test of EI and the cognitive control index of the hot go/no-go task; when using the self-report EI instruments, no consistent findings were achieved. The study found no such results with the cool task. Findings in terms of the validity and different implications of the different EI models are discussed.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

The effects of the quality of social relationships and emotion regulation ability on the happiness of introvert individuals

Previous research has shown that extraverts are happier than introverts and, although happy introverts exist, it is unclear under what conditions they can achieve happiness. The aim of the present study is to analyze the quality of social relationships and emotion regulation ability as a possible factor for happiness in introvert individuals. 1006 adults (42% males) completed measures of extraversion, neuroticism, quality of social relationships, emotion regulation ability and happiness. Results shows that introverts have significantly lower happiness, quality of life, quality of social relationship and emotion regulation ability scores than extraverts. Besides, those individuals with high quality social relationships or high emotion regulation ability were happier. Introverts were happier when they had high scores for quality of social relationships and emotion regulation ability, however the effect size was small. These results suggest that emotion regulation and social relationships are important to understand the relationships between introversion and happiness.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Estrategias de enunciación política y posicionamiento del estado en el contexto internacional: el discurso de Evo Morales en la cumbre de cambio climático de Copenhague (2009)

El discurso aquí analizado nos interesó por extender a nivel planetario, el concepto de territorialidad, lo cual permite afianzar la posición política del estado boliviano. El estudio se encuadra en el análisis del discurso, centrándonos, primero, en la discriminación de las grandes escenas enunciativas de cualquier discurso (Maingueneau, 2004) y, especialmente, en la tipificación y caracterización de los enunciados políticos (Lozano Cividano, 2007).The speech analyzed here we were interested in extending a planetary level, the concept of territoriality, which allows strengthen the political position of the bolivian state. The study is framed in the analysis of the speech, focusing, first, in the discrimination of the big scenes (Maingueneau, 2004) and, especially, in the characterization of the political sentences (Lozano Cividano, 2007).Le discours ici analysé nous intéressé à étendre au niveau planétaire, le concept de territorialité, ce qui permet renforcer la position politique de l'État bolivien. L'étude s'inscrit dans le analyse du discours, mettant l'accent, premièrement, la discrimination des grands scènes enonciatives (Maingueneau, 2004) bien de tout discours et, en particulier, dans la caractérisation des énoncés politiques (Lozano Cividano, 2007)

El Valle Gordo en Omañas

En número dedicado a: León: El Bierzo y Vallegord

La entrevista y los pactos comunicativos: ¿Quién detenta el poder?

El artículo aborda el análisis de una entrevista a un médico psiquiatra desde la perspectiva de los intercambios comunicativos y sus incidencias en el entrevistado y el entrevistador con el fin de indagar la circulación del poder y la construcción semiolingüística del mundo.The paper focuses on the analysis of an interview with a psychiatrist from the perspective of communicative exchanges and their impact on the interviewee and interviewer in order to investigate the circulation of power and the construction of the semiolingüístics world.Le document met l'accent sur l'analyse d'un entretien avec un psychiatre du point de vue des échanges de communication et leur impact sur l'interviewé et intervieweur afin d'enquêter sur la circulation du povoir et la construction semiolinguistique du monde.Fil: Fernández, María del Rosario. Etnolingüística- Facultad de Humanidades y Artes. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentina