Chemo-enzymatic epoxidation of sunflower oil methyl esters

The chemo-enzymatic epoxidation of the methyl esters of sunflower oil with lipase from Candida antarctica B and aqueous H2O2 in the presence and absence of an acyl donor was investigated. The biphasic system (CH2Cl2/H2O) comprised Candida antarctica B lipase (CALB, 1000 u g-1) and 30% (v/v) aqueous hydrogen peroxide. In some cases the conversion was higher than 99%. The best results were obtained for the biphasic system after 16 h of reaction, at 30 ºC, using 10 mmol of octanoic acid in relation to 1 g of the oil, 6 mL of dichlomethane and 5 mL of water

Projeto ONCO: preparo odontológico para pacientes portadores de neoplasias malignas

Introdução: É esperado que pacientes com câncer desenvolvam algum tipo de complicação na região oral, que pode estar relacionada às condições de saúde bucal do paciente e ao tipo de terapia utilizada. É de grande importância que o profissional da odontologia conheça as modalidades de tratamento do câncer de boca para o preparo da cavidade bucal antes, durante e após a terapia. Objetivos: O objetivo do projeto é possibilitar a formação de profissionais qualificados e competentes para atender adequadamente a pacientes portadores de neoplasias malignas, no pré e pós-operatório, no pré ou pós- tratamento de radioterapia e/ou quimioterapia, bem como, pesquisar, inovar e desenvolver novos protocolos, técnicas e metodologias, correlacionando as alterações clínicas com as características sistêmicas, dentro de um enfoque multidisciplinar e multiprofissional. Métodos: O projeto Onco atendeu mais de 200 pacientes oncológicos, realizando mais de 600 procedimentos, entre exodontias, dentística restauradora, endodontia, biopsias e cirurgias oncológicas em lábio, língua e mucosa oral com expectativas de cura. Acompanhamos e controlamos pacientes que desenvolveram osteoradionecrose e osteoradiomielite de mandíbula, pós- radioterapia, e proservação dos cânceres de cirurgia de cabeça e pescoço, operados e diagnosticados neste serviço. Resultados: O Projeto Onco vem se desenvolvendo de maneira excepcional, tendo sido procurado, por Hospitais Oncológicos, tais como, o Instituto de Oncologia e Radioterapia do Vale do Paraíba e pelo serviço de Transplante de Medula Óssea do Hospital Pio XII, para ser sua referência nos tratamentos odontológicos. Já hoje, desenvolvemos atendimento odontológico de alto nível para pacientes oncológicos e transplantados, cujo campo de atuação é extremamente carente em todo o país

Projeto ONCO: preparo odontológico para pacientes portadores de neoplasias malignas

Introdução: É esperado que pacientes com câncer desenvolvam algum tipo de complicação na região oral, que pode estar relacionada às condições de saúde bucal do paciente e ao tipo de terapia utilizada. É de grande importância que o profissional da odontologia conheça as modalidades de tratamento do câncer de boca para o preparo da cavidade bucal antes, durante e após a terapia. Objetivos: O objetivo do projeto é possibilitar a formação de profissionais qualificados e competentes para atender adequadamente a pacientes portadores de neoplasias malignas, no pré e pós-operatório, no pré ou pós- tratamento de radioterapia e/ou quimioterapia, bem como, pesquisar, inovar e desenvolver novos protocolos, técnicas e metodologias, correlacionando as alterações clínicas com as características sistêmicas, dentro de um enfoque multidisciplinar e multiprofissional. Métodos: O projeto Onco atendeu mais de 200 pacientes oncológicos, realizando mais de 600 procedimentos, entre exodontias, dentística restauradora, endodontia, biopsias e cirurgias oncológicas em lábio, língua e mucosa oral com expectativas de cura. Acompanhamos e controlamos pacientes que desenvolveram osteoradionecrose e osteoradiomielite de mandíbula, pós- radioterapia, e proservação dos cânceres de cirurgia de cabeça e pescoço, operados e diagnosticados neste serviço. Resultados: O Projeto Onco vem se desenvolvendo de maneira excepcional, tendo sido procurado, por Hospitais Oncológicos, tais como, o Instituto de Oncologia e Radioterapia do Vale do Paraíba e pelo serviço de Transplante de Medula Óssea do Hospital Pio XII, para ser sua referência nos tratamentos odontológicos. Já hoje, desenvolvemos atendimento odontológico de alto nível para pacientes oncológicos e transplantados, cujo campo de atuação é extremamente carente em todo o país

Social distancing measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic: potential impacts and challenges in Brazil.

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged researchers and policy makers to identify public safety measures forpreventing the collapse of healthcare systems and reducingdeaths. This narrative review summarizes the available evidence on the impact of social distancing measures on the epidemic and discusses the implementation of these measures in Brazil. Articles on the effect of social distancing on COVID-19 were selected from the PubMed, medRXiv and bioRvix databases. Federal and state legislation was analyzed to summarize the strategies implemented in Brazil. Social distancing measures adopted by the population appear effective, particularly when implemented in conjunction with the isolation of cases and quarantining of contacts. Therefore, social distancing measures, and social protection policies to guarantee the sustainability of these measures, should be implemented. To control COVID-19 in Brazil, it is also crucial that epidemiological monitoring is strengthened at all three levels of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). This includes evaluating and usingsupplementary indicators to monitor the progression of the pandemic and the effect of the control measures, increasing testing capacity, and making disaggregated notificationsand testing resultstransparentand broadly available

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

As mortality rates decline, life expectancy increases, and populations age, non-fatal outcomes of diseases and injuries are becoming a larger component of the global burden of disease. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 328 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016

Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

BACKGROUND: Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to development status can identify exemplars for best practice. To accomplish this, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality between 1970 and 2016 for 195 countries and territories and at the subnational level for the five countries with a population greater than 200 million in 2016. METHODS: We have evaluated how well civil registration systems captured deaths using a set of demographic methods called death distribution methods for adults and from consideration of survey and census data for children younger than 5 years. We generated an overall assessment of completeness of registration of deaths by dividing registered deaths in each location-year by our estimate of all-age deaths generated from our overall estimation process. For 163 locations, including subnational units in countries with a population greater than 200 million with complete vital registration (VR) systems, our estimates were largely driven by the observed data, with corrections for small fluctuations in numbers and estimation for recent years where there were lags in data reporting (lags were variable by location, generally between 1 year and 6 years). For other locations, we took advantage of different data sources available to measure under-5 mortality rates (U5MR) using complete birth histories, summary birth histories, and incomplete VR with adjustments; we measured adult mortality rate (the probability of death in individuals aged 15-60 years) using adjusted incomplete VR, sibling histories, and household death recall. We used the U5MR and adult mortality rate, together with crude death rate due to HIV in the GBD model life table system, to estimate age-specific and sex-specific death rates for each location-year. Using various international databases, we identified fatal discontinuities, which we defined as increases in the death rate of more than one death per million, resulting from conflict and terrorism, natural disasters, major transport or technological accidents, and a subset of epidemic infectious diseases; these were added to estimates in the relevant years. In 47 countries with an identified peak adult prevalence for HIV/AIDS of more than 0·5% and where VR systems were less than 65% complete, we informed our estimates of age-sex-specific mortality using the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP)-Spectrum model fitted to national HIV/AIDS prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance systems. We estimated stillbirths, early neonatal, late neonatal, and childhood mortality using both survey and VR data in spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression models. We estimated abridged life tables for all location-years using age-specific death rates. We grouped locations into development quintiles based on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and analysed mortality trends by quintile. Using spline regression, we estimated the expected mortality rate for each age-sex group as a function of SDI. We identified countries with higher life expectancy than expected by comparing observed life expectancy to anticipated life expectancy on the basis of development status alone. FINDINGS: Completeness in the registration of deaths increased from 28% in 1970 to a peak of 45% in 2013; completeness was lower after 2013 because of lags in reporting. Total deaths in children younger than 5 years decreased from 1970 to 2016, and slower decreases occurred at ages 5-24 years. By contrast, numbers of adult deaths increased in each 5-year age bracket above the age of 25 years. The distribution of annualised rates of change in age-specific mortality rate differed over the period 2000 to 2016 compared with earlier decades: increasing annualised rates of change were less frequent, although rising annualised rates of change still occurred in some locations, particularly for adolescent and younger adult age groups. Rates of stillbirths and under-5 mortality both decreased globally from 1970. Evidence for global convergence of death rates was mixed; although the absolute difference between age-standardised death rates narrowed between countries at the lowest and highest levels of SDI, the ratio of these death rates-a measure of relative inequality-increased slightly. There was a strong shift between 1970 and 2016 toward higher life expectancy, most noticeably at higher levels of SDI. Among countries with populations greater than 1 million in 2016, life expectancy at birth was highest for women in Japan, at 86·9 years (95% UI 86·7-87·2), and for men in Singapore, at 81·3 years (78·8-83·7) in 2016. Male life expectancy was generally lower than female life expectancy between 1970 and 2016, an