The unexpected profile of agricultural innovators: evidence from an empirical study

[EN] Innovation capacity is essential for farmers to remain competitive and overcome the challenges facing Mediterranean agricultural systems. Based on an extensive empirical study, this paper elucidates the common attributes of innovative farmers in the Region of Valencia (Spain). The model presented in this study investigates whether an innovative attitude can be explained by market-entrepreneurial orientation, learning orientation, individual profile traits and farm size. The findings provide insights into how age and experience affect innovation in agricultural smallholdings. The study shows that the most innovative farmers run large farms and have a strong market-entrepreneurial orientation. Farm size and learning orientation are key requirements to enhance the innovative attitude of farmers.Yagüe-Perales, RM.; Pérez Ledo, P.; March-Chordà, I. (2020). The unexpected profile of agricultural innovators: evidence from an empirical study. New Medit. Mediterranean Journal of Economics, Agriculture and Environment. 1(2):84-100. https://doi.org/10.30682/nm2002fS841001

Analysing the Impact of the Glass Ceiling in a Managerial Career: The Case of Spain

[EN] The need to break down the barriers facing women in the labour market arouses great interest for reasons of social and sustainability justice. This study breaks new ground on the topic of the "glass ceiling" by assessing the evolution of gender inequality in the proportion of individuals reaching high managerial positions. The application of the csQCA method to a survey of two cohorts of Spanish graduates in management sharing the same starting conditions reveals two factors: job variety and additional education, as conditions that are usually present in a successful managerial career. Our findings confirm the prevalence of the gender gap with little progress in recent years. Women find it more difficult to promote to high managerial positions whereas being a man turns out to almost be a guarantee for eluding low managerial positions. In the context of Spain, and for sure in most other countries, the few women attaining high managerial positions still need to make a greater effort in their professional career than their male counterparts.Yagüe-Perales, RM.; Pérez Ledo, P.; March-Chordà, I. (2021). Analysing the Impact of the Glass Ceiling in a Managerial Career: The Case of Spain. Sustainability. 13(12):1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126579118131

Desempeño económico de las empresas de base tecnológica en el sector salud humana

Este trabajo analiza el desempeño empresarial desde una perspectiva diferente a los enfoques teóricos predominantes. El énfasis recae en las dis-paridades de desempeño que emanan entre la modalidad empresarial más emprendedora e innovadora, formada por las denominadas Empresas de Base Tecnológica (EBTs) frente a las demás, y las asociadas a la pertenencia a diferentes subsectores. Para ello se ha construido un modelo con 10 variables aplicado a una muestra de empresas representativa del sector de Salud Humana con orientación I+D en la Comunidad Valenciana. Los resultados obtenidos, fácilmente extrapolables a otros territorios a nivel europeo, confirman un com-portamiento diferencial en el conjunto de compañías calificadas como EBTs

La adaptación al uso turístico del patrimonio cultural : una propuesta metodológica de evaluación

El patrimoni és una construcció sociocultural i la seva funció depèn dels valors, interessos, tradicions i identitats de cada societat i de cada moment, de manera que queda subjecta tant al seu valor intrínsec com a allò que representa. Quan aquest patrimoni desperta l'interès en el turisme, apareix una nova funció, però, com que cap patrimoni ha nascut amb la finalitat d'oci, el seu condicionament resulta una tasca indiscutible. Aquesta investigació se centra en aquest procés de transformació per a l'ús turístic del patrimoni cultural immoble, amb l'ànim d'identificar quins elements són necessaris perquè l'activitat turística sigui adequada. L'acadèmia (via Delphi) i els visitants culturals (via enquesta) han estat els grups implicats mitjançant la realització d'un qüestionari. Els resultats mostren consens en els dos grups sobre la majoria d'ítems proposats per a la metodologia d'avaluació, però entre ells també s'evidencien diferències significatives que obren la porta a futures vies d'investigació.El patrimonio es una construcción sociocultural cuya función depende de los valores, intereses, tradiciones e identidades de cada sociedad y de cada momento, por lo que queda sujeta tanto a su valor intrínseco como a lo que representa. Cuando ese patrimonio despierta el interés en el turismo, se vislumbra una nueva función, pero, puesto que ningún patrimonio ha nacido con esa finalidad de ocio, su acondicionamiento resulta una tarea indiscutible. Esta investigación se centra en ese proceso de transformación para el uso turístico del patrimonio cultural inmueble, con el ánimo de identificar qué elementos son necesarios para que la actividad turística sea adecuada. La academia (vía Delphi) y los visitantes culturales (vía encuesta) han sido los grupos intervinientes mediante un cuestionario. Los resultados muestran consenso en ambos grupos con relación a los ítems propuestos para la metodología de evaluación, aunque también se evidencian algunas diferencias significativas que abren las puertas a futuras vías de investigación.Le patrimoine constitue une construction socioculturelle dépendante des valeurs, des intérêts, des traditions et des identités de chaque société et de chaque situation. Cependant, elle est subordonnée à sa propre valeur mais aussi à ce qu'il représente. Quand ce patrimoine réveille de l'intérêt dans le domaine du tourisme, une nouvelle fonction apparaît mais étant donné qu'aucun patrimoine n'a été conçu dans un objectif de loisirs, l'aménagement de ce dernier devient dès lors un travail nécessaire. Ce travail se centre donc sur ce processus de transformation du patrimoine culturel immobilier dans le cadre de son utilisation touristique, dans l'idée d'identifier quels sont les éléments nécessaires pour que l'activité touristique soit adéquate. L'académie (Delphi) et les visiteurs culturels (enquête) ont été soumis à un questionnaire. Les résultats montrent une coïncidence dans les deux groupes pour la plupart des items proposés pour la méthodologie d'évaluation, même si l'on peut entrevoir certaines différences significatives qui ouvrent la porte à de futures lignes de recherche.Heritage is regarded as a socio-cultural construct whose function depends on the values, interests, traditions and identities of each society at each moment in time. In this sense, heritage is understood not only in terms of its intrinsic value, but also its meaning. Given that heritage was not originally conceived of for purposes of leisure, when heritage attracts tourism it assumes a new function that must be accommodated in a suitable manner. This investigation focuses on the process of creating immovable cultural heritage for tourism use in order to identify the necessary transformations to successfully fulfill visitors' expectations. To evaluate this issue, a questionnaire was administered to academics (via Delphi) and visitors (via a survey). In the majority of items, the results showed a consensus between both groups regarding the assessment methodology, although significant differences were also found, thus leaving the door open to future research

NTBFs performance in the human health sector

Este trabajo analiza el desempeño empresarial desde una perspectiva diferente a los enfoques teóricos predominantes. El énfasis recae en las disparidades de desempeño que emanan entre la modalidad empresarial más emprendedora e innovadora, formada por las denominadas Empresas de Base Tecnológica (EBTs) frente a las demás, y las asociadas a la pertenencia a diferentes subsectores. Para ello se ha construido un modelo con 10 variables aplicado a una muestra de empresas representativa del sector de Salud Humana con orientación I+D en la Comunidad Valenciana. Los resultados obtenidos, fácilmente extrapolables a otros territorios a nivel europeo, confirman un comportamiento diferencial en el conjunto de compañías calificadas como EBTs.This study tries to shed some light on the performance analysis systems from a view other than the prevailing theoretical approaches. The focus is on the divergences in performance arising between New Technology Based Firms and the rest, as well as the differences due to pertaining to different subsectors. With that purpose, a new model for performance assessment with 10 variables has been built up and applied over a representative sample of firms pertaining to the Valencian Human Health R&D oriented sector. The results confirm the presence of a differential behaviour in the group of NTBFs

Keys to success in investment rounds by immigrant entrepreneurs in Silicon Valley

[EN] This study presents an updated diagnosis of the SV ecosystem itself and offers an insight into the entrepreneurial mobility trends prospects and expectations of the growing number of start-ups launched by immigrant entrepreneurs arriving in SV. The purpose is to determine and rank the attributes most valued by investors when assessing projects and start-ups founded by immigrant entrepreneurs. The model of analysis composed by three hypotheses leads to a series of findings about the profile and expectations of the immigrant entrepreneurs, and reveals remarkable hints and key targets to be met by immigrant entrepreneurs in SV in order to successfully close investment rounds in a hypercompetitive environment. The study discloses the low impact of the founder's profile as a driver of external investment. A key conclusion states that Venture Capitalists and Business Angels in the top-ranked entrepreneurial ecosystem are primarily led by factors linked to the competitive environment and the product development process, along with the traditional performance indicators: revenue and profitability.Yagüe-Perales, RM.; Pérez Ledo, P.; March-Chordà, I. (2019). Keys to success in investment rounds by immigrant entrepreneurs in Silicon Valley. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. 15(4):1153-1177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-019-00588-3S11531177154Acs, Z. J. (2010). High-impact entrepreneurship. In Z. J. ACS & D. G. Audretsch (Eds.), handbook of entrepreneurship research. An interdisciplinary survey and introduction (Vol. 165-182, pp. 165–182). New York: Springer.Agarwal, R., Audretsch, D., & Sarkar, M. B. (2007). The process of creative construction: Knowledge spillovers, entrepreneurship, and economic growth. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 1(3–4), 263–286.Alarcón, R. 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La adaptación al uso turístico del patrimonio cultural : una propuesta metodológica de evaluación

El patrimoni és una construcció sociocultural i la seva funció depèn dels valors, interessos, tradicions i identitats de cada societat i de cada moment, de manera que queda subjecta tant al seu valor intrínsec com a allò que representa. Quan aquest patrimoni desperta l'interès en el turisme, apareix una nova funció, però, com que cap patrimoni ha nascut amb la finalitat d'oci, el seu condicionament resulta una tasca indiscutible. Aquesta investigació se centra en aquest procés de transformació per a l'ús turístic del patrimoni cultural immoble, amb l'ànim d'identificar quins elements són necessaris perquè l'activitat turística sigui adequada. L'acadèmia (via Delphi) i els visitants culturals (via enquesta) han estat els grups implicats mitjançant la realització d'un qüestionari. Els resultats mostren consens en els dos grups sobre la majoria d'ítems proposats per a la metodologia d'avaluació, però entre ells també s'evidencien diferències significatives que obren la porta a futures vies d'investigació.El patrimonio es una construcción sociocultural cuya función depende de los valores, intereses, tradiciones e identidades de cada sociedad y de cada momento, por lo que queda sujeta tanto a su valor intrínseco como a lo que representa. Cuando ese patrimonio despierta el interés en el turismo, se vislumbra una nueva función, pero, puesto que ningún patrimonio ha nacido con esa finalidad de ocio, su acondicionamiento resulta una tarea indiscutible. Esta investigación se centra en ese proceso de transformación para el uso turístico del patrimonio cultural inmueble, con el ánimo de identificar qué elementos son necesarios para que la actividad turística sea adecuada. La academia (vía Delphi) y los visitantes culturales (vía encuesta) han sido los grupos intervinientes mediante un cuestionario. Los resultados muestran consenso en ambos grupos con relación a los ítems propuestos para la metodología de evaluación, aunque también se evidencian algunas diferencias significativas que abren las puertas a futuras vías de investigación.Le patrimoine constitue une construction socioculturelle dépendante des valeurs, des intérêts, des traditions et des identités de chaque société et de chaque situation. Cependant, elle est subordonnée à sa propre valeur mais aussi à ce qu'il représente. Quand ce patrimoine réveille de l'intérêt dans le domaine du tourisme, une nouvelle fonction apparaît mais étant donné qu'aucun patrimoine n'a été conçu dans un objectif de loisirs, l'aménagement de ce dernier devient dès lors un travail nécessaire. Ce travail se centre donc sur ce processus de transformation du patrimoine culturel immobilier dans le cadre de son utilisation touristique, dans l'idée d'identifier quels sont les éléments nécessaires pour que l'activité touristique soit adéquate. L'académie (Delphi) et les visiteurs culturels (enquête) ont été soumis à un questionnaire. Les résultats montrent une coïncidence dans les deux groupes pour la plupart des items proposés pour la méthodologie d'évaluation, même si l'on peut entrevoir certaines différences significatives qui ouvrent la porte à de futures lignes de recherche.Heritage is regarded as a socio-cultural construct whose function depends on the values, interests, traditions and identities of each society at each moment in time. In this sense, heritage is understood not only in terms of its intrinsic value, but also its meaning. Given that heritage was not originally conceived of for purposes of leisure, when heritage attracts tourism it assumes a new function that must be accommodated in a suitable manner. This investigation focuses on the process of creating immovable cultural heritage for tourism use in order to identify the necessary transformations to successfully fulfill visitors' expectations. To evaluate this issue, a questionnaire was administered to academics (via Delphi) and visitors (via a survey). In the majority of items, the results showed a consensus between both groups regarding the assessment methodology, although significant differences were also found, thus leaving the door open to future research