Language laterality, handedness and empathy in a sample of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder

Lateralidad del lenguaje, preferencia manual y empatía en una muestra de padres de niños con trastorno de espectro autista. Antecedentes: algunos familiares de primer orden de personas con trastornos del espectro autista (TEA) exhiben un patrón de funcionamiento cognitivo que forma parte del llamado fenotipo ampliado de autismo (FAA). Método: el objetivo de este estudio consiste en evaluar si algunos aspectos neuropsicológicos relacionados con un FAA están presentes en progenitores de niños y niñas con TEA. Para ello, se realizó una prueba de escucha dicótica libre, se detectó la preferencia manual y se obtuvo el Cociente de Empatía (CE-60). Resultados: los resultados sitúan a la muestra total dentro de parámetros similares a los de la población general, aunque algunos datos de la escucha dicótica revelaron diferencias según el género. Contrariamente a lo esperado, en el subgrupo de padres los datos de ambos oídos no correlacionaron signifi cativamente, lo que revelaría falta de interdependencia hemisférica. Conclusiones: nuestros resultados apoyan la posible existencia de cierta vulnerabilidad genética a un patrón anómalo de lateralización hemisférica del lenguaje. Por tanto, factores epigenéticos por determinar podrían estar incidiendo sobre un genotipo vulnerable en las personas con TEA. No obstante, la presente investigación ha de considerarse un estudio piloto debido al tamaño de la muestra

Association of Polymorphisms in the Interleukin 6 Receptor Complex with Obesity and Hyperandrogenism

10 pages, 5 tables.Objective: Interleukin-6 (IL-6), is an inflammatory cytokine that may influence the pathogenesis of obesity and hyperandrogenism. IL-6 exerts its actions through a heterodimeric receptor consisting of two membrane-bound glycoproteins: an 80-kDa IL-6 binding unit (IL6R-alpha) and a 130-kDa IL-6 signal transducer (gp130). Genetic variability at these loci might contribute to explain the development of obesity and hyperandrogenism. Research Methods and Procedures: We have evaluated the possible association of several polymorphisms in the IL6R-alpha and gp130 genes with obesity and/or hyperandrogenism in a case-control study involving 143 hyperandrogenic patients and 45 healthy women from Spain. Results: A microsatellite CA-repeat polymorphism in the IL6R-alpha locus was associated with obesity. The frequency of the common 149-bp allele was markedly increased in obese women compared with controls when considering patients and controls as a whole (0.41 vs. 0.29, chi2 = 17.085, p < 0.050). On the other hand, the uncommon Arg148 allele of the Gly148Arg polymorphism in the gp130 gene was more frequent in controls compared with hyperandrogenic patients (0.17 vs. 0.08, chi2 = 5.605, p = 0.026). Controls carrying Arg148 alleles had lower 11-deoxycortisol and 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations, a lower response of androstenedione to 1–24 adrenocorticotropin, and an almost significant decrease in free testosterone levels, suggesting that Arg148 alleles in the gp130 gene have a protective effect against androgen excess and adrenal hyperactivity. Discussion: Polymorphisms in the gp130 and IL6R-alpha loci influence hyperandrogenism and obesity, respectively. Our present results further suggest that proinflammatory genotypes are involved in the pathogenesis of these common metabolic disorders.This work was supported by grants from the Consejería de Educación, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain (Proyectos 08.6/0022/1998, 08.6/0024.2/2000, and 08.6/0010/2001), and from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Spain (Proyectos FIS 00/0414 and 02/0741 to H.F.E.-M.Peer reviewe

La acetabuloplastia de Staheli en el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Legg-Calvé-Perthes en mayores de 6 años. Estudio preliminar

Objetivo: Valorar los resultados funcionales y radiográficos de la acetabuloplastia de Staheli como alternativa terapéutica en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad de Legg-Calvé-Perthes de debut tardío.Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo de 7 pacientes con enfermedad de Legg-Calvé-Perthes tratados mediante acetabuloplastia de Staheli con un tiempo de seguimiento medio de tres años y tres meses. Se analizan parámetros clínicos (movilidad prequirúrgica y al final del seguimiento) así como parámetros radiográficos (clasificación de Herring, índice acetábulo-cabeza de Heyman-Herndon y el ángulo centro-borde de Wiberg) previos al tratamiento quirúrgico, tras el tratamiento quirúrgico y al final del seguimiento. Resultados: Tras el análisis estadístico de los índices radiográficos (índice acetábulo-cabeza de Heyman-Herndon así como ángulo de Wiberg) se objetivaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la radiografía prequirúrgica y postquirúrgica, pero no se objetivaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la postquirúrgica y la realizada al final del seguimiento. Por lo tanto, los índices radiográficos mostraron una mejora en sus parámetros que además se mantuvo estable en el tiempo. Ningún paciente presentó complicaciones debidas a la cirugía. La exploración física mostró una mejoría media de 10º en la rotación interna de la cadera. Conclusiones: La técnica de acetabuloplastia según Staheli es una opción quirúrgica que conduce a la mejora de los resultados radiográficos y funcionales con pocas complicaciones debidas al procedimiento.Objective: To evaluate the functional and radiographic results of Staheli's acetabuloplasty as therapeutic option in the surgical treatment of Legg-Calvé-Perthes's disease of late debut. Material and method: we did a retrospective study of seven patients with Legg-Calvé-Perthes's disease treated by means of Staheli's acetabuloplasty with an average follow-up of three years and three months. We analyzed clinical parameters (preoperative and "end of the follow-up" mobility) as well as radiographic parameters (Herring's classification, Heyman-Herndon's index and Wiberg's center-edge angle) before the surgical treatment, after the surgical treatment and at the end of the follow-up. Results: Any patients presented complications due to the surgery. The physical exploration showed an average improvement of 10º in the internal rotation of the hip. After the statistical analysis of the radiographic indexes (Heyman-Herndon's index as well as Wiberg's angle), there were statistically significant differences between the preoperative X-ray and the postoperative one, but there were no statistically significant differences between the postoperative one and the X-ray done at the end of the follow-up. Therefore, the radiographic indexes showed an improvement in these parameters that in addition kept stable in time. Conclusions: The technic of acetabuloplasty according to Staheli is a surgical option that leads to a good radiographic and functional result with few complications due to the procedure

Phytotoxic Effects of Three Natural Compounds: Pelargonic Acid, Carvacrol, and Cinnamic Aldehyde, against Problematic Weeds in Mediterranean Crops

[EN] Weeds and herbicides are important stress factors for crops. Weeds are responsible for great losses in crop yields, more than 50% in some crops if left uncontrolled. Herbicides have been used as the main method for weed control since their development after the Second World War. It is necessary to find alternatives to synthetic herbicides that can be incorporated in an Integrated Weed Management Program, to produce crops subjected to less stress in a more sustainable way. In this work, three natural products: pelargonic acid (PA), carvacrol (CV), and cinnamic aldehyde (CA) were evaluated, under greenhouse conditions in postemergence assays, against problematic weeds in Mediterranean cropsAmaranthus retroflexus,Avena fatua,Portulaca oleracea,andErigeron bonariensis, to determine their phytotoxic potential. The three products showed a potent herbicidal activity, reaching high efficacy (plant death) and damage level in all species, being PA the most effective at all doses applied, followed by CA and CV. These products could be good candidates for bioherbicides formulations.This research was funded by SEIPASA.Muñoz, M.; Torres-Pagán, N.; Peiró Barber, RM.; Guijarro, R.; Sánchez-Moreiras, AM.; Verdeguer Sancho, MM. (2020). Phytotoxic Effects of Three Natural Compounds: Pelargonic Acid, Carvacrol, and Cinnamic Aldehyde, against Problematic Weeds in Mediterranean Crops. Agronomy. 10(6):1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060791S120106Vos, R., & Bellù, L. G. (2019). Global Trends and Challenges to Food and Agriculture into the 21st Century. Sustainable Food and Agriculture, 11-30. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812134-4.00002-9Vats, S. (2014). Herbicides: History, Classification and Genetic Manipulation of Plants for Herbicide Resistance. 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Biopesticides: State of the Art and Future Opportunities. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 62(48), 11613-11619. doi:10.1021/jf504252nDahiya, A., Sharma, R., Sindhu, S., & Sindhu, S. S. (2019). Resource partitioning in the rhizosphere by inoculated Bacillus spp. towards growth stimulation of wheat and suppression of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) weed. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 25(6), 1483-1495. doi:10.1007/s12298-019-00710-3The International Herbicide-Resistant Weed Database www.weedscience.orgHazrati, H., Saharkhiz, M. J., Moein, M., & Khoshghalb, H. (2018). Phytotoxic effects of several essential oils on two weed species and Tomato. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 13, 204-212. doi:10.1016/j.bcab.2017.12.014Bajwa, A. A., Sadia, S., Ali, H. H., Jabran, K., Peerzada, A. M., & Chauhan, B. S. (2016). Biology and management of two important Conyza weeds: a global review. 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Phytotoxic potential of essential oils from temperate climate plants against the germination of selected weeds and crops. Journal of Pest Science, 90(1), 407-419. doi:10.1007/s10340-016-0759-2Hazrati, H., Saharkhiz, M. J., Niakousari, M., & Moein, M. (2017). Natural herbicide activity of Satureja hortensis L. essential oil nanoemulsion on the seed germination and morphophysiological features of two important weed species. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 142, 423-430. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.041Verdeguer, M., Blázquez, M. A., & Boira, H. (2009). Phytotoxic effects of Lantana camara, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eriocephalus africanus essential oils in weeds of Mediterranean summer crops. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 37(4), 362-369. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2009.06.003Benarab, H., Fenni, M., Louadj, Y., Boukhabti, H., & Ramdani, M. (2020). Allelopathic activity of essential oil extracts from Artemisia herba-alba Asso. on seed and seedling germination of weed and wheat crops. Acta Scientifica Naturalis, 7(1), 86-97. doi:10.2478/asn-2020-0009Benchaa, S., Hazzit, M., & Abdelkrim, H. (2018). Allelopathic Effect ofEucalyptus citriodoraEssential Oil and Its Potential Use as Bioherbicide. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 15(8), e1800202. doi:10.1002/cbdv.201800202Verdeguer, M., Castañeda, L. G., Torres-Pagan, N., Llorens-Molina, J. A., & Carrubba, A. (2020). Control of Erigeron bonariensis with Thymbra capitata, Mentha piperita, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Santolina chamaecyparissus Essential Oils. Molecules, 25(3), 562. doi:10.3390/molecules25030562Scavo, A., Pandino, G., Restuccia, A., & Mauromicale, G. (2020). Leaf extracts of cultivated cardoon as potential bioherbicide. Scientia Horticulturae, 261, 109024. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2019.109024Ma, S., Fu, L., He, S., Lu, X., Wu, Y., Ma, Z., & Zhang, X. (2018). Potent herbicidal activity of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. against Avena fatua L. and Amaranthus retroflexus L. Industrial Crops and Products, 122, 1-6. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.05.046Pacanoski, Z., & Mehmeti, A. (2019). Allelopathic effect of Siberian iris (Iris sibirica) on the early growth of wild oat (Avena fatua) and Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). Journal of Central European Agriculture, 20(4), 1179-1187. doi:10.5513/jcea01/20.4.2047Bainard, L. D., Isman, M. B., & Upadhyaya, M. K. (2006). Phytotoxicity of clove oil and its primary constituent eugenol and the role of leaf epicuticular wax in the susceptibility to these essential oils. Weed Science, 54(5), 833-837. doi:10.1614/ws-06-039r.1Ahuja, N., Singh, H. P., Batish, D. R., & Kohli, R. K. (2015). Eugenol-inhibited root growth in Avena fatua involves ROS-mediated oxidative damage. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 118, 64-70. doi:10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.11.012Vaughn, S. F., & Spencer, G. F. (1993). Volatile Monoterpenes as Potential Parent Structures for New Herbicides. Weed Science, 41(1), 114-119. doi:10.1017/s0043174500057672Verdeguer, M., García-Rellán, D., Boira, H., Pérez, E., Gandolfo, S., & Blázquez, M. A. (2011). Herbicidal Activity of Peumus boldus and Drimys winterii Essential Oils from Chile. Molecules, 16(1), 403-411. doi:10.3390/molecules16010403Saad, M. M. G., Abdelgaleil, S. A. M., & Suganuma, T. (2012). Herbicidal potential of pseudoguaninolide sesquiterpenes on wild oat, Avena fatua L. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 44, 333-337. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2012.06.004Araniti, F., Sánchez-Moreiras, A. M., Graña, E., Reigosa, M. J., & Abenavoli, M. R. (2016). Terpenoidtrans-caryophyllene inhibits weed germination and induces plant water status alteration and oxidative damage in adultArabidopsis. Plant Biology, 19(1), 79-89. doi:10.1111/plb.12471Coleman, R., & Penner, D. (2008). Organic Acid Enhancement of Pelargonic Acid. 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Iron Metabolism in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Obesity is an excessive adipose tissue accumulation that may have detrimental effects on health. Particularly, childhood obesity has become one of the main public health problems in the 21st century, since its prevalence has widely increased in recent years. Childhood obesity is intimately related to the development of several comorbidities such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-congenital cardiovascular disease, chronic inflammation and anemia, among others. Within this tangled interplay between these comorbidities and associated pathological conditions, obesity has been closely linked to important perturbations in iron metabolism. Iron is the second most abundant metal on Earth, but its bioavailability is hampered by its ability to form highly insoluble oxides, with iron deficiency being the most common nutritional disorder. Although every living organism requires iron, it may also cause toxic oxygen damage by generating oxygen free radicals through the Fenton reaction. Thus, iron homeostasis and metabolism must be tightly regulated in humans at every level (i.e., absorption, storage, transport, recycling). Dysregulation of any step involved in iron metabolism may lead to iron deficiencies and, eventually, to the anemic state related to obesity. In this review article, we summarize the existent evidence on the role of the most recently described components of iron metabolism and their alterations in obesity

El dossier d’aprenentatge

El dossier d’aprenentatge és un dels instruments que s’ha mostrat especialment idoni per organitzar i fomentar el procés formatiu autònom de l’estudiant universitari, ja que, per una banda, esdevé un element que estructura el coneixement i s’adapta a la diversitat dels estudiants i dels continguts, mentre que, per altra banda, potencia cadascun dels sabers i processos necessaris per aprendre amb autonomia

Métodos no radiológicos para la valoración de las deformidades del raquis

La escoliosis y otras deformidades de la columna vertebral clásicamente son evaluadas para su diagnóstico y seguimiento mediante métodos radiográficos. El problema radica en los efectos nocivos de dosis repetidas de radiación ionizante en los pacientes en crecimiento, así como en el hecho de que el método de Cobb radiográfico no caracteriza por sí solo la deformidad vertebral, ya que depende de otros factores. Se presenta una revisión actualizada sobre nuevas técnicas no invasivas que han surgido a lo largo de los últimos veinte años para la evaluación de las deformidades vertebrales con el objetivo de complementar y sustituir, al menos parcialmente, los estudios radiográficosScoliosis and other deformities of spine are typically evaluated for diagnosis and follow-through with radiographic methods. The problem lies in the deleterious effects of repeated doses of ionizing radiation in patients on growth and in the fact that radiographic Cobb method can’t characterize alone the spinal deformity, as it depends on other factors. An update on new non-invasive techniques that have emerged over the last twenty years for the assessment of vertebral deformities in order to complement and, at least partially, to replace radiographic studies is presente

Revisión y actualización de la eficacia del screening o cribado en la escoliosis idiopática del adolescente.

La escoliosis idiopática del adolescente es el tipo más frecuente de escoliosis. Actualmente, la realización rutinaria de un "screening" o cribado para la escoliosis resulta ser un tema controvertido puesto que existen dudas sobre su eficacia real en disminuir la tasa de cirugía en estos pacientes y supone una importante tasa de falsos positivos. Se realiza, por ello, una revisión y actualización sobre el tema del "screening" en la escoliosis idiopática del adolescente.Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type of scoliosis. Nowadays, routine screening in scoliosis turns out to be controversial as to there are doubts about its actual effectiveness in reducing the rate of surgery in these patients and its significant rate of false positives. Therefore, a review and update on the current status of the issue of screening in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is made

Placental Adaptive Changes to Protect Function and Decrease Oxidative Damage in Metabolically Healthy Maternal Obesity

Pregnancy-related disorders, including preeclampsia and gestational diabetes, are characterized by the presence of an adverse intrauterine milieu that may ultimately result in oxidative and nitrosative stress. This scenario may trigger uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion (OBLACK CIRCLE-) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) such as nitric oxide (NO), along with an inactivation of antioxidant systems, which are associated with the occurrence of relevant changes in placental function through recognized redox post-translational modifications in key proteins. The general objective of this study was to assess the impact of a maternal obesogenic enviroment on the regulation of the placental nitroso-redox balance at the end of pregnancy. We measured oxidative damage markers-thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS) and carbonyl groups (C=O) levels; nitrosative stress markers-inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitrosothiol groups, and nitrotyrosine residues levels; and the antioxidant biomarkers-catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and expression, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), in full-term placental villous from both pre-pregnancy normal weight and obese women, and with absence of metabolic complications throughout gestation. The results showed a decrease in C=O and TBARS levels in obese pregnancies. Although total SOD and catalase concentrations were shown to be increased, both activities were significantly downregulated in obese pregnancies, along with total antioxidant capacity. Inducible nitric oxide sintase levels were increased in the obese group compared to the lean group, accompanied by an increase in nitrotyrosine residues levels and lower levels of nitrosothiol groups in proteins such as ERK1/2. These findings reveal a reduction in oxidative damage, accompanied by a decline in antioxidant response, and an increase via NO-mediated nitrative stress in placental tissue from metabolically healthy pregnancies with obesity. All this plausibly points to a placental adaptation of the affected antioxidant response towards a NO-induced alternative pathway, through changes in the ROS/RNS balance, in order to reduce oxidative damage and preserve placental function in pregnancy