Profile and cover diagram of a section of the "tabuleiro" forest at the Linhares Forest Reserve; [Espírito Santo, Brasil]

The profile and the cover diagram of a section of the "tabuleiro" forest at the Linhares Forest Reserve, in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil, were obtained from two samples of 60m x 10m and 30m x 20m, respectively, partially overlapping. All trees in the sample which exceeded 6m high and has 5cm dbh or more were identified and measured for total height, trunk height, dbh and crown diameter. The trunk and the shapes of the crowns were dravvn. The trees were classified according to their developmental degree into potential trees, present trees end decrepit trees. Three strata were found with distint dimensional, taxonomic and developmental features. Structural characteristic of the succeeding vegetation are related to the vvay trees in the upper stratum die, standing or falling.O diagrama de perfil e de cobertura de um trecho de mata alta na floresta de tabuleiro da Reserva Florestal de Linhares, Espírito Santo, Brasil, foram obtidos a partir de duas amostras de 60m x 10m e 30m x 20m, respectivamente, parcialmente superpostas. Todos os indivíduos com altura igual ou superior a 6m e dap igual ou superior a 5cm foram identificados e tiveram medidos a altura total, altura do fuste, dap e diâmetro da copa. Foram desenhados o fuste e as formas horizontal e vertical da copa. Os indivíduos foram classificados de acordo com o seu estádio de desenvolvimento em árvores potenciais, árvores do presente e árvores em decrepitude. Foram identificados três estratos com características próprias quanto às dimensões, composição florística e fase de desenvolvimento. Características estruturais da vegetação sucessora estão relacionadas com a maneira pela qual os indivíduos do dossel morrem, abrindo uma clareira ao cair, danificando indivíduos dos estratos inferiores ou perdendo lentamente partes vegetativas

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Plantas comercializadas como medicinais no Município de Barra do Piraí, RJ

RESUMO O município de Barra do Piraí localiza-se na região média do rio Paraíba do Sul e engloba áreas de Floresta Atlântica de encosta em diferentes estágios sucessionais. Os dados foram obtidos através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas a dois informantes (erveiros) que comercializam plantas medicinais na única feira-livre da cidade, bem como pela aplicação de questionários com perguntas diretas e fechadas a 100 consumidores dessas plantas. Visitaram-se quatro sítios de coleta e/ou cultivo onde foram coletadas 100 espécies pertencentes a 42 famílias botânicas. Elaborou-se uma tabela organizada em ordem alfabética de família acompanhada pelo nome científico, nome vulgar e dados fornecidos pelos informantes. Dentre as espécies coletadas, cerca de 25% foram obtidas em áreas florestadas, evidenciando-se o importante papel dos erveiros na coleta e fornecimento de plantas medicinais da Floresta Atlântica

Chave de identificação para as espécies de Dicotiledôneas arbóreas da Reserva Biológica do Tinguá, RJ, com base em caracteres vegetativos Identification key of the most common woody Dicotyledons from the Tinguá Biological Reserve (State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) based on vegetative characters

A Reserva Biológica do Tinguá abrange parte dos municípios de Nova Iguaçu, Duque de Caxias, Miguel Pereira e Petrópolis, localizados na região centro-oeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, apresentando vegetação predominantemente florestal que integra o complexo vegetacional Mata Atlântica. Embora situada próxima à área urbana, a Reserva do Tinguá apresenta desmatamento quase nulo e grande riqueza florística. Dentre os projetos realizados como parte do programa Linhas de Pesquisa em Mata Atlântica - CNPq, desenvolvida pelo Departamento de Botânica da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, foi elaborada a chave para a identificação das espécies arbóreas, tendo como base características morfológicas vegetativas, tais como a filotaxia e forma das folhas, presença ou ausência de estípulas, exsudado, lenticelas, indumento e glândulas. A chave apresentada consta de 109 espécies, distribuídas em 35 famílias botânicas.<br>The Tinguá Biological Reserve is located within the boundaries of the municipalitiesof Nova Iguaçu, Duque de Caxias, Miguel Pereira, and Petrópolis, in the central-western region of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Its vegetation is mainly formed by forests belonging to the Atlantic Rain Forest Complex. Although located close to urban areas, the Tinguá Reserve has suffered little deforestation which is assured by its species richness. As one of the several projects for the Reserve, developed by the Botany Department of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, an identification key of the woody Dicotyledons is presented, using morphological vegetative characters such as phyllotaxy, leaf shape, stipules, exsudates, lenticells, indument, and glands. A total of 109 species can be identified, belonging to 35 families

Anatomia e histoquímica dos nectários florais de Dombeya wallichii (Lindl.) K. Schum. e Dombeya natalensis Sond. (Malvaceae)

In this work we studied the floral nectaries of Dombeya wallichii (Lindl.) K. Schum. and Dombeya natalensis Sond., two species of the Malvaceae family that are important in apiculture and as ornament. The results showed nectaries in the calix, in the adaxial face of the sepal bases, and that are composed of claviform secretory multicellular trichomes and subglandular parenchyma vascularized predominantly by phloem. The nectaries of both species studied have similar structures. Histochemical tests showed the presence of reducing sugar, lipids, acid and neuter polysaccharides, phenolic substances, and proteins in trichome cells in both species.No presente trabalho, foram estudados os nectários florais de Dombeya wallichii (Lindl.) K. Schum. e Dombeya natalensis Sond., duas espécies de importância apícola e ornamental pertencentes à família Malvaceae. A análise dos resultados mostrou que os nectários localizam-se no cálice, na face adaxial da base de cada sépala, e que são constituídos por numerosos tricomas secretores claviformes, pluricelulares e por um parênquima subglandular vascularizado predominantemente por floema. Os nectários de ambas as espécies estudadas são estruturalmente semelhantes. Os testes histoquímicos revelaram a presença de açúcares redutores, substâncias lipídicas, polissacarídeos ácidos e neutros, substâncias fenólicas e proteínas nas células dos tricomas e do parênquima subglandular em ambas as espécies