Organizações sindicais como atores do regime de cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento : análise de atores e processos do sub-regime de cooperação sindical internacional para o desenvolvimento

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio Econômico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais, Florianópolis, 2015Esta dissertação versa sobre o papel de organizações sindicais como atores do regime de Cooperação Internacional para o Desenvolvimento (CID). Esse regime internacional é tradicionalmente composto pelos maiores doadores governamentais, pelas principais instituições multilaterais e pelas Organizações Não-Governamentais (ONGs) de desenvolvimento. No entanto, em meio a um quadro de transformações que pressiona seus arranjos institucionais, atores não-tradicionais passaram a participar e se engajar nas discussões do regime de CID. Dentre os atores não-tradicionais estão as organizações sindicais, cuja atuação conforma o sub-regime de Cooperação Sindical Internacional para o Desenvolvimento (CSID). A presente dissertação pretende analisar como esse sub-regime de CSID se organiza dentro do regime de CID, buscando identificar os principais atores e a natureza de suas ações tanto sob a perspectiva da trajetória histórica do movimento sindical internacional, em especial o momento de adaptação aos desafios da globalização, como pela perspectiva das transformações no regime de CID. De modo a analisar o sub-regime de CSID, propõe-se conceitualmente a compreensão da CSID como interseção da CID e da cooperação sindical em sentido lato. Em seguida, os principais atores promotores da CSID são mapeados, buscando-os dentre as organizações sindicais dos países que são os maiores doadores tradicionais e também dos denominados doadores emergentes, com destaque para o caso brasileiro. A partir do estudo desses casos e do cotejo de aspectos destacados ao longo da pesquisa, algumas características-chave do sub-regime de CSID são ressaltadas: a existência de uma divisão de cunho Norte-Sul; a disponibilidade e dependência de financiamento público para a maior parte das atividades de CSID; a discricionariedade das ações do Estado em relação à maior ou menor abertura para o financiamento da CSID; os efeitos ambíguos para o movimento sindical internacional dos rumos dos debates sobre a CID; e o questionamento acerca do caráter técnico ou político das ações de CSID.Abstract : This thesis addresses the role of trade unions as actors of the international development cooperation (IDC) regime. This international regime is traditionally composed of the largest government donors, the main multilateral institutions and development Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). However, in the midst of a transformation framework that presses its institutional arrangements, non-traditional actors began to participate and engage in discussions of the IDC regime. Among the non-traditional actors are trade unions, whose acting shapes the International Trade Union Development Cooperation (ITUDC) sub-regime. This thesis aims to analyze how this ITUDC sub-regime is organized within the IDC regime, seeking to identify the main actors and the nature of their actions both from the perspective of the historical trajectory of the international trade union movement, especially the moment to adapt to challenges of globalization, and from the perspective of changes in IDC regime. In order to analyze the ITUDC sub-scheme, it is conceptually proposed understanding ITUDC as the intersection of IDC and trade union cooperation in the broad sense. Then the main promoters of ITUDC actors are mapped, searching them among the trade unions of the countries that are major traditional donors and also the so-called emerging donors, especially for Brazil. From the study of these cases and confrontation of issues highlighted during the research, some key features of ITUDC sub-scheme are highlighted: the existence of a North-South division; the availability and reliance on public funding for most of ITUDC activities; the discretion of the State's actions in relation to greater or lesser openness to the financing of ITUDC; the ambiguous effects for the international trade union movement of the direction of discussions on the ICD regime; and the question about the technical or political nature of ITUDC actions

As políticas de cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento do Brasil e da Índia em perspectiva comparada: o comportamento de dois doadores emergentes na cooperação sul-sul

TCC (Graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Socioeconômico. Curso de Graduação em Relações Internacionais.O presente trabalho busca analisar as políticas de Cooperação Internacional para o Desenvolvimento (CID) do Brasil e da Índia em perspectiva comparada, identificado as principais semelhanças e diferenças do modelo de CID de ambos os países. Primeiramente, discute-se a posição desses países no Sistema Internacional de Cooperação Internacional para o Desenvolvimento, no qual o Brasil e a Índia se inserem como Doadores Emergentes e promotores da Cooperação Sul-Sul. Em seguida, considera-se as políticas de CID do Brasil e da Índia como elemento integrante de suas políticas externas, analisando sobretudo a forma como as ações cooperativas empreendidas por ambos os países inserem-se e facilitam o avanço dos principais temas de suas agendas externas no período do pós Guerra Fria

As Organizações Sindicais no Sistema Internacional de Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento

The article addresses the participation of trade unions in the International System of Development Cooperation (ISDC). It identifies and analyses the actors and processes involved in trade union solidarity policies (North-South and South-South) known as Trade Union Development Cooperation (TUDC). It also deals with the role and position of trade unions in the debates on the substance and architecture of the IDCS. We conducted a qualitative study distinguishing between the national level of analysis, where TUDC is a trade union policy linked in different degrees to the governmental policy of International Development Cooperation (IDC), and the systemic level, where TUDC acts as a sub-regime of the IDCS. We used documental sources from trade unions themselves, secondary literature and, for the case of the Brazilian Unified Workers’ Central (CUT), interviews with persons in charge of its Cooperation Institute (IC-CUT). At the national level, we conclude that, with exceptions (Brazil among them), TUDC is rather well integrated in IDC national policies. At the systemic level, we observed that the international trade union movement has made efforts to establish common guidelines for TUDC and to place its demands on the international developmentagenda, in particular the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).Este artigo trata da participação das organizações sindicais no Sistema Internacional de Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento (SICD). Identifica e analisa os atores e os processos envolvidos nas políticas solidárias sindicais (Norte-Sul e Sul-Sul) conhecidas como Cooperação Sindical para o Desenvolvimento (CSD). Trata, também, do papel e do posicionamento das organizações sindicais nos debates sobre a substância e a arquitetura do SICD. Realizamos um estudo qualitativo, distinguindo o nível de análise nacional – onde a CSD é uma política sindical vinculada, em maior ou menor medida, à política governamental de CooperaçãoInternacional para o Desenvolvimento (CID) – e o nível sistêmico, no qual a CSD opera como sub-regime do SICD. Utilizamos fontes documentais das próprias organizações sindicais, literatura secundária e, para o caso da cooperação da Central Única dos Trabalhadores (CUT) brasileira, entrevistas com os responsáveis pelo Instituto de Cooperação (IC-CUT). No nível nacional, concluímos que, com exceções (entre elas a do Brasil), a CSD está bastante integrada às políticas nacionais de CID. No nível sistêmico, observamos que o movimentosindical internacional tem se esforçado para estabelecer diretrizes comuns para a CSD e para inserir suas demandas na agenda internacional sobre o desenvolvimento, em particular os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS)

Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in ZZ-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s}=13 TeV

Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against a $Z$ boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 $< p_{\textrm{T}} < 100$ GeV and in the pseudorapidity range $2.5 < \eta < 4$. The data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb$^{-1}$. Triple differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb public pages

Study of the B−→Λc+Λˉc−K−B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-} decay

The decay $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. In the $\Lambda_{c}^+ K^{-}$ system, the $\Xi_{c}(2930)^{0}$ state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is resolved into two narrower states, $\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}$ and $\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}$, whose masses and widths are measured to be $$m(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = 2924.5 \pm 0.4 \pm 1.1 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ m(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = 2938.5 \pm 0.9 \pm 2.3 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = \phantom{000}4.8 \pm 0.9 \pm 1.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},\\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = \phantom{00}11.0 \pm 1.9 \pm 7.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},$$ where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a prompt $\Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ sample. Evidence of a new $\Xi_{c}(2880)^{0}$ state is found with a local significance of $3.8\,\sigma$, whose mass and width are measured to be $2881.8 \pm 3.1 \pm 8.5\,\mathrm{MeV}$ and $12.4 \pm 5.3 \pm 5.8 \,\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode $\Xi_{c}(2790)^{0} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ is found with a significance of $3.7\,\sigma$. The relative branching fraction of $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ with respect to the $B^{-} \to D^{+} D^{-} K^{-}$ decay is measured to be $2.36 \pm 0.11 \pm 0.22 \pm 0.25$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb public pages

Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions R(D∗)\mathcal{R}(D^{*}) and R(D0)\mathcal{R}(D^{0})

The ratios of branching fractions $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})\equiv\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})\equiv\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb${ }^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode $\tau^{-}\to\mu^{-}\nu_{\tau}\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$. The measured values are $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})=0.281\pm0.018\pm0.024$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})=0.441\pm0.060\pm0.066$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is $\rho=-0.43$. Results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb public pages

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

Sarilumab in adults hospitalised with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia (CORIMUNO-SARI-1): An open-label randomised controlled trial

International audienc

Effect of Tocilizumab vs Usual Care in Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19 and Moderate or Severe Pneumonia

International audienceImportance Severe pneumonia with hyperinflammation and elevated interleukin-6 is a common presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Objective To determine whether tocilizumab (TCZ) improves outcomes of patients hospitalized with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia.Design, Setting, and Particpants This cohort-embedded, investigator-initiated, multicenter, open-label, bayesian randomized clinical trial investigating patients with COVID-19 and moderate or severe pneumonia requiring at least 3 L/min of oxygen but without ventilation or admission to the intensive care unit was conducted between March 31, 2020, to April 18, 2020, with follow-up through 28 days. Patients were recruited from 9 university hospitals in France. Analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis with no correction for multiplicity for secondary outcomes.Interventions Patients were randomly assigned to receive TCZ, 8 mg/kg, intravenously plus usual care on day 1 and on day 3 if clinically indicated (TCZ group) or to receive usual care alone (UC group). Usual care included antibiotic agents, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, vasopressor support, and anticoagulants.Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes were scores higher than 5 on the World Health Organization 10-point Clinical Progression Scale (WHO-CPS) on day 4 and survival without need of ventilation (including noninvasive ventilation) at day 14. Secondary outcomes were clinical status assessed with the WHO-CPS scores at day 7 and day 14, overall survival, time to discharge, time to oxygen supply independency, biological factors such as C-reactive protein level, and adverse events.Results Of 131 patients, 64 patients were randomly assigned to the TCZ group and 67 to UC group; 1 patient in the TCZ group withdrew consent and was not included in the analysis. Of the 130 patients, 42 were women (32%), and median (interquartile range) age was 64 (57.1-74.3) years. In the TCZ group, 12 patients had a WHO-CPS score greater than 5 at day 4 vs 19 in the UC group (median posterior absolute risk difference [ARD] −9.0%; 90% credible interval [CrI], −21.0 to 3.1), with a posterior probability of negative ARD of 89.0% not achieving the 95% predefined efficacy threshold. At day 14, 12% (95% CI −28% to 4%) fewer patients needed noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or mechanical ventilation (MV) or died in the TCZ group than in the UC group (24% vs 36%, median posterior hazard ratio [HR] 0.58; 90% CrI, 0.33-1.00), with a posterior probability of HR less than 1 of 95.0%, achieving the predefined efficacy threshold. The HR for MV or death was 0.58 (90% CrI, 0.30 to 1.09). At day 28, 7 patients had died in the TCZ group and 8 in the UC group (adjusted HR, 0.92; 95% CI 0.33-2.53). Serious adverse events occurred in 20 (32%) patients in the TCZ group and 29 (43%) in the UC group (P = .21).Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial of patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia requiring oxygen support but not admitted to the intensive care unit, TCZ did not reduce WHO-CPS scores lower than 5 at day 4 but might have reduced the risk of NIV, MV, or death by day 14. No difference on day 28 mortality was found. Further studies are necessary for confirming these preliminary results.Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0433180

Effect of anakinra versus usual care in adults in hospital with COVID-19 and mild-to-moderate pneumonia (CORIMUNO-ANA-1): a randomised controlled trial

International audienc